[外语类试卷]大学英语六级模拟试卷569及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 569及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is the Entity Bookstore Dying? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1越来越多的实体书店倒闭,网上书店兴起 2有人认为网上书店终将取代实体书店 3我认为 Is the Entity Bookstore Dyi
2、ng? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark: Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the
3、 passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Why Summer Vacation Wont Make You Happier? From an informal and highly unscientific survey of friends and colleagues, I can report that the rea
4、sons for not feeling happy after returning from vacation include; the flight home (red-eye to New York); realizing what they just did to their credit-card balance; getting back to work; wondering if they should have gone somewhere different;sharp memories of kids fighting constantly in the back seat
5、 of the rental car;and sadness that the next vacation will not arrive for months, typically around the end of the year, making them wonder over and over:how am I going to hold out until then? I,in contrast,not having taken a vacation this year and with none scheduled,am positively cheerful compared
6、with these gloomy souls, since I have a world of possible destinations to fantasize about. Anecdotes (轶事 ) do not equal data,as scientists say,but in this case the anecdotes about vacations failing to give us a post-trip mood boost match the results of years of research. Studies point to an inescapa
7、ble conclusion: “ Generally, there is no difference between vacationers and non-vacationers post-trip happiness,“ as the authors of a recent paper in the journal Applied Research in Quality of Life put it. One interesting exception is the period just before taking a vacation, when about-to-be travel
8、ers report feeling happier than non-vacationers, possibly because the anticipation puts them in a good mood. But the holiday aftermath is a different story,and a gloomy one. One small study in 2008 used text messages from vacationers during their holidays to assess how happy they were, and then comp
9、ared these real-time messages with how people recalled their holiday moods once theyd returned to real life. Vacationers were,overall,happier on holiday than in their normal lives. So far,so good. But once home, they stank at remembering how happy they had been while away, consistently recalling hig
10、her levels of happiness than they had reported at the time. That suggests two things; we will ourselves recall being happy on vacation (if we werent happy, why did we just spend all that money?) ,but by comparison real life feels grimmer. Another small study,from 2004 in the Annals of Tourism Resear
11、ch,measured the effect of a vacation on post-vacation mood more directly,having people fill out a questionnaire that assessed their levels of happiness right before going on holiday and then when they returned. (Non-travelers also filled out the questionnaire, with results confirming that about-to-b
12、e vacationers indeed experience an anticipatory high. ) The carry-over effect of a vacation on happiness was so small,the best the researchers could report was that vacations are “ not causing individuals to feel any worse off than before traveling. “ I dont think well be seeing that sentiment on to
13、urist Web sites any time soon. Even the small positive effects last about as long as a sunburn. Sure, take a vacation in hopes that it will relieve your burnout, but within three to four weeks people are feeling as stressed out as before, found a 2001 study in which the authors concluded: “Vacation
14、alleviated perceived job stress and burnout as predicted.But we found a return to pre-vacation levels of burnout four weeks later. “ That may be one reason the sense of happiness fades as well: if you feel just as much burnout a month after returning from vacation as you did before, no wonder youre
15、unhappy. This result isnt from just a single study, by the way:a 2009 meta-analysis (元分析 ) of seven reached the same conclusion about the post-vacation letdown. Why? For one thing,holiday trips are not 24/7 bliss. There are missed flight connections,disappointing hotels,bad food,and illness. Looking
16、 back on all that,once were back home,can understandably put a dent (削弱 ) in our happiness. Also, whats called the peak-end effect can affect post-trip mood. The most intense experiences (peak) and those that occur as the vacation is winding down (end) leave the most lasting impressions. If we fail
17、to pack a few ultra highs into a trip (swim with the dolphins one day,climb a volcano another) and instead have a lot of so-so pleasant experiences or start the trip with a bang but end it in a letdown whimper then post-trip happiness will suffer. Although scientists generally find no correlation be
18、tween length of a vacation and post-trip contentment, there is one argument in favor of shorter vacations. Say you get 10 days of vacation a year. If you take them as three vacations (of 4 days,4 days,and 2 days) ,you will have more final days (3) ,when fun experiences have the strongest carry-over
19、effect,and more pre-vacation anticipation highs (3) than if you took two 5-day trips,let alone a single 10-day trip. (The above does not hold if,like me,you find vacation planning so stressful that the very thought of doing it three times a year is enough to make you a workaholic. ) The latest study
20、 of vacations effect on happiness has the virtue of studying a large number of people (1,530). Scientists in the Netherlands had participants answer a questionnaire asking if they had recently “ enjoyed their daily tasks,“ had recently felt “ unhappy,“ or had recently felt “ gloomy and dejected. “ P
21、ossible answers were “never,“ “almost never,“ “sometimes,“ “very often,“ and “always. “ The study compared responses of the 556 people who did not go on a holiday with those of the 974 who did, controlling for things like personality (extroverts tend to be happier and might vacation more, so you hav
22、e to subtract this effect from the happiness levels of vacationers). Result: vacationers were happier before their trips than were non-vacationers,confirming the anticipation effect or suggesting that people able to take trips might have more happiness-boosting characteristics (good health,money,fri
23、ends and family to travel with) than non-vacationers do. But “post-trip happiness did not differ between vacationers and non-vacationers,“ the scientists found. The travelers happiness edge had actually disappeared. Even more sobering, happiness levels post-trip were little different from what they
24、had been before. Even people who had had the least stressful vacations experienced this happiness fadeout.with their sense of contentment falling to pre-trip levels eight weeks after their return. “ The benefits of a very relaxed holiday trip last maximally for two weeks,“ write the scientists who s
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