[外语类试卷]大学英语六级模拟试卷220及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 220及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Diligence Is the Key to Success. You are given the following outlines in Chinese and are required to write no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly. 1. 对 “
2、勤奋是成功的关健 ”涵义的理解; 2. 成功不是靠运气 ; 3. 了解成功重要性的意义。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark: Y (for YES) if the statement
3、 agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 U.S. Population Present Situations of U.S. Population The U.S.the most populous of todays developed co
4、untriesbas one of the highest population growth rates of the industrialized nations: about one percent annually. This adds some 2.5 million people every yearequivalent to a new city the size of San Diegowhich is by far the largest numerical increase of any developed country. By the end of 1994, the
5、U.S. population had climbed to 262 million, up from 203 million in 1970. The change stands in sharp contrast with Europe which today adds less than a million people per year to a population of about 728 million and Japans addition of 0.3 million to a total of 125 million. Immigration now contributes
6、 roughly a third of the annual U.S. increase, although natural increase, or births minus deaths, remains substantial at about 1.7 million per year. This is in part the consequence of a younger age distribution resulting from the post-war baby boom (1946-1964), but U.S. fertility (生育力 ) has also been
7、 among the highest of the industrialized countries. The U.S. TFR ( the total fertility rate, defined as the average number of children women will bear in their lifetime) remained at about 1.8 from the mid-1970s to the latter 1980s, when it began rising to 2.1 in 1991. The U.S. TFR has since receded
8、slightly, dropping to about 2.0 in 1993. The relatively high U.S. fertility is one of this countrys most striking demographic (人口统计学的 ) features. Should the present rate persist, the country would remain at or near the replacement level to avoid population decline as in Europe. Although fertility le
9、vels do vary among ethnic groups, the TFR for U.S. non-Hispanic white women in 1992 was nonetheless 1.8; for blacks, it was 2.4; Asian and Pacific Islanders, 1.9; American Indians, 2.2; and Hispanics 3.0. National Trends The U.S. population is undergoing at least two major shifts: a significant chan
10、ge in its geographic distribution and a similarly important change in ethnic composition. Immigration accounting for a third of the present annual growthis also an undeniable factor. The stream of immigrants into the U.S. is highly directed towards but six of the 50 states (California, with 261,000
11、legal immigrants in 1993; New York 151,000; Texas 67,000; Florida 61,000; New Jersey 50,000; and Illinois 47,000). Within these, moreover, the flow is concentrated within but a few metropolitan areas. Shifts in Geographic Distribution The balance of population is shifting rapidly to the South and We
12、st. The Northeast and Midwest have experienced a continuous loss of population to the South and West by migration from other areas of the U.S. These two “sun-belt“ regions have also received a higher influx of immigrants. From 1990 to 1993, the Northeast and Midwest experienced a net loss of 367,000
13、 residents through migration to other parts of the country while gaining 260,000 immigrants from abroad. The South gained 471,000 migrants from the balance of the U.S. and another 180,000 from outside the country. The West actually lost population because of migration to other regions, because of th
14、e numerical dominance of the state of California in the region. It is likely that the loss of jobs in California in defense-related employment was responsible for this unexpected mm of events. The South and West received no fewer than 500,000 net immigrants from abroad, just over half of which were
15、to California alone. Changes in Ethnic Composition One-fourth of the present population of the U.S. is now composed of racial minorities, which are defined as anyone who is not white and non-Hispanic. In the next 50 years that fraction will grow to nearly half the total, according to recent projecti
16、ons. The Hispanic population is projected (预测 ) by the Census Bureau to rise from 22.5 million in 1990 to just under 90 million by 2050, due to the combination of immigration and higher fertility. If that projection proves true, Hispanics would increase their share of the total population to about 2
17、2% from 9% in 1990. Asian and Pacific Islanders, although a lower fertility group, would rise from 7.6 million in the 1990 Census to 41 million by 2050. Much slower growth is projected for the black population: from 30.6 million in 1990 to 62 million by mid-century. The slower pace of growth in this
18、 group is based upon present, relatively low levels of immigrationa situation which could well change in time. Population prospects differ regionally in yet another, often-overlooked way: the birth rate. Due to both higher birth rates and younger populations, births outnumber deaths by a wider margi
19、n in the “sun-belt“ states of the South and West than in the North and East. From 1990 to 1993, for example, there were only 124 births per 100 deaths in Pennsylvania while there were 260 in California and 336 in Utah. The majority of “frost-belt“ states have TFRs below the replacement level; the op
20、posite is true in the South and West, in part because immigrants to the U.S. have generally higher fertility rates. This means, of course, that the northern states could ultimately experience population decline due to low fertility rates which may or may not be offset by migration. While migration t
21、rends can change rapidly, fertility rates tend to be comparatively stable. Conclusions and Consequences of Population Increase What are the consequences of population growth both for the U.S. and for the world as a whole? In the recent past, the primary concern for developing countries-where virtual
22、ly all the growth is founddealt with matters of adequate food supply. Thus far, food production has generally kept pace with population growth in all regions except Africa. But what about the future, when world population will inexorably (不可避免的 ) increase? Meeting this goal, however, depended upon i
23、ncreasing land under cultivation and also raising production per acre or hectare to about the level of a development farm in Asiai.e., expanding the scope of the agricultural “Green Revolution“. To achieve this level of production will require significant inputs of capital and fertilizers, which ope
24、ns the larger issue of “sustainable development“. Can developing countries modernize agriculture, industrialize and raise Gross National Product without excessive harm to the environment? There are other obvious concerns that go beyond simple food production, including food distribution and storage
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- 外语类 试卷 大学 英语六级 模拟 220 答案 解析 DOC
