[外语类试卷]专业英语八级模拟试卷877及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 877及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you

2、 fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Characteristics qf American Culture I. Punctuality A. Going to the theater: be 【 T1】 _ twenty minutes prior 【 T1】 _ B. Eateries re

3、sponse for delaying 【 T2】 _: 【 T2】 _ push the reservation to the end of the list C. Dining with Americans at home: be slightly less 【 T3】 _ 【 T3】 _ II. Equality A First come, 【 T4】 _. 【 T4】 _ B. Bribery to receive any 【 T5】 _is not recommended. 【 T5】 _ III. Little concern about 【 T6】 _ 【 T6】 _ A. no

4、 appreciation for【 T7】 _about peoples dress 【 T7】 _ B. popularity of uniform of jeans and 【 T8】 _ 【 T8】 _ IV. 【 T9】 _ to feminism words among women 【 T9】 _ A. be proud of a choice between 【 T10】 _ 【 T10】 _ B. dislike such issues as gun control, abortion rights, and 【 T11】 _ 【 T11】_ V. 【 T12】 _ above

5、 all else 【 T12】 _ A think of almost everything in units to be produced in the most time and 【 T13】 _ manner. 【 T13】 _ B. work to earn money to buy consumer goods that will pump money into the economy VI. Conclusion You are supposed to remember: A the guidelines pointing to characteristics that are

6、considered prevalent in 【 T14】 _: 【 T14】 _ B. the traits often 【 T15】 _ 【 T15】 _ by typical short-term visitors. 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE i

7、nterview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices o

8、f A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） Business Administrator. （ B） French Interpreter. （ C） Marketing Officer Trainee. （ D） Language trainer. （ A） French. （ B） Marketing. （ C） Both French and Marketin

9、g. （ D） Neither French nor Marketing. （ A） She cannot afford to four years tuition. （ B） She is persuaded by university authorities to do so. （ C） She regrets entering that university. （ D） She is older than most undergraduate students. （ A） French course. （ B） Artistic activities. （ C） An internshi

10、p. （ D） A job offer. （ A） She is eager to overcome challenges （ B） She is unfriendly to her colleagues. （ C） She is capable enough to pass the test. （ D） She is threatened by tough issues. （ A） She develops virtually native level of Mandarin. （ B） Her French is obviously better than English. （ C） Sh

11、e speaks French on many occasions. （ D） Her languages are useless at critical moments. （ A） Supervise apprentice. （ B） Write reference letters. （ C） Keep records and carry out plans. （ D） Identify potential talents. （ A） She once quitted a job suddenly without an explanation. （ B） She was not on goo

12、d terms with her co-workers. （ C） She once quitted after giving a specific reason. （ D） She had a fierce quarrel with one of her employers. （ A） Three months. （ B） Six months. （ C） Nine months. （ D） It is not fixed. （ A） This Thursday. （ B） Right After the interview of two more applicants. （ C） With

13、in a week. （ D） It is not mentioned. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best ans

14、wer. 25 (1)“The world isnt flat,“ writes Edward Glaeser, “its paved.“ At any rate, most of the places where people prefer to dwell are paved. More than half of humanity now lives in cities, and every month 5 million people move from the countryside to a city somewhere in the developing world. (2)For

15、 Mr Glaeser, a Harvard economist who grew up in Manhattan, this is a happy prospect. He calls cities “our species greatest invention“: proximity makes people more inventive, as bright minds feed off one another, more productive, as scale gives rise to finer degrees of specialisation; and kinder to t

16、he planet, as city-dwellers are more likely to go by foot, bus or train than the car-slaves of suburbia and the sticks. He builds a strong case, too, for town-dwelling, drawing on his own research as well as that of other observers of urban life. And although liberally sprinkled with statistics, Tri

17、umph of the City is no dry work. Mr Glaeser writes lucidly and spares his readers the equations of his trade. (3)What makes some cities succeed? Successful places have in common the ability to attract people and to enable them to collaborate. Yet Mr Glaeser also says they are not like Tolstoys happy

18、 families: those that thrive, thrive in their own ways. Thus Tokyo is a national seat of political and financial power. Singapore embodies a peculiar mix of the free market, state-led industrialisation and paternalism. The well-educated citizenries of Boston, Milan, Minneapolis and New York have fou

19、nd new sources of prosperity when old ones ran out. (4)Mr Glaeser is likely to raise hackles in three areas. The first is urban poverty in the developing world. He can see the misery of a slum in Kolkata, Lagos or Rio de Janeiro as easily as anyone else, but believes that “theres a lot to like about

20、 urban poverty“ because it beats the rural kind. Cities attract the poor with the promise of a better lot than the countryside offers. About three-quarters of Lagoss people have access to safe drinking water, the Nigerian average is less than 30%. Rural West Bengals poverty rate is twice Kolkatas. (

21、5)The second is the height of buildings. Mr Glaeser likes them talland its not just the Manhattanite in him speaking. He likes low-rise neighbourhoods, too, but points out that restrictions on height are also restrictions on the supply of space, which push up the prices of housing and offices. That

22、suits those who own property already, but hurts those who might otherwise move in, and hence perhaps the city as a whole. (6)So Mr Glaeser wonders whether central Paris might have benefited from a few skyscrapers. He certainly believes that his hometown should preserve fewer old buildings. And he th

23、inks that cities in developing countries should build up rather than out. New downtown developments in Mumbai, he says, should rise to at least 40 storeys. (7)The third, related, area is sprawl, which is promoted, especially in America, by flawed policies nationally and locally. Living out of town m

24、ay feel green, but it isnt. Americans live too far apart, drive too much and walk too little. The tax-deductibility of mortgage interest encourages people to buy houses rather than rent flats, buy bigger properties rather than smaller ones and therefore to spread out. Minimum plot sizes keep folk ou

25、t of, say, Marin County, California. He says that spreading Houston has “done a better job of providing affordable housing than all of the progressive reformers on Americas East and West coasts.“ (8)Cities need wise government above all else, and they get it too rarely. That is one reason why, from

26、Paris in 1789 to Cairo in 2011, they are sources of political upheaval as well as economic advance. The reader may wonder if Mumbai really would be better off as a city of high-rise slums rather than low-rise ones. 26 The sentence in the first paragraph “The world isnt flat. its paved.“ implies that

27、 _. （ A） the world is a round settled planet （ B） cities are built by human beings （ C） urban life is better than suburban life （ D） people prefer to dwell in the countryside 27 According to Mr Glaesers theory, which of the following is NOT true? （ A） People should notice something positive about ur

28、ban poverty. （ B） Low-rise neighbourhoods are advisable in developing countries. （ C） The mortgage interest policy promotes sprawl in America. （ D） The story of Marin County is a good demonstration of flawed policies. 28 Which of the following adjectives best describes the authors treatment of Glaes

29、ers argumentation? （ A） Indifferent. （ B） Neutral. （ C） Affirmative. （ D） Critical. 28 (1)Imagine that you could rewind the clock 20 years, and youre 20 years younger. How do you feel? Well, if youre at all like the subjects in a provocative experiment by Harvard psychologist Ellen Langer, you actua

30、lly feel as if your body clock has been turned back two decades. Langer did a study like this with a group of elderly men some years ago, retrofitting an isolated old New England hotel so that every visible sign said it was 20 years earlier. The menin their late 70s and early 80swere told not to rem

31、inisce about the past, but to actually act as if they had traveled back in time. The idea was to see if changing the mens mindset about their own age might lead to actual changes in health and fitness. (2)Langers findings were stunning: After just one week, the men in the experimental group (compare

32、d with controls of the same age)had more joint flexibility, increased dexterity and less arthritis in their hands. Their mental sensitivity had risen measurably, and they had improved posture. Outsiders who were shown the mens photographs judged them to be significantly younger than the controls. In

33、 other words, the aging process had in some measure been reversed. (3)Though this sounds a bit woo-wooey, Langer and her Harvard colleagues have been running similarly inventive experiments for decades, and the accumulated weight of the evidence is convincing. Her theory, argued in her new book, Cou

34、nterclockwise, is that we are all victims of our own stereotypes about aging and health. We mindlessly accept negative cultural. cues about disease and old age, and these cues shape our self-concepts and our behavior. If we can shake loose from the negative cliches that dominate our thinking about h

35、ealth, we can “mindfully“ open ourselves to possibilities for more productive lives even into old age. (4)Consider another of Langers mindfulness studies, this one using an ordinary optometrists eye chart. Thats the chart with the huge E on top, and descending lines of smaller and smaller letters th

36、at eventually become unreadable. Langer and her colleagues wondered: what if we reversed it? The regular chart creates the expectation that at some point you will be unable to read. Would turning the chart upside down reverse that expectation, so that people would expect the letters to become readab

37、le? Thats exactly what they found. The subjects still couldnt read the tiniest letters, but when they were expecting the letters to get more legible, they were able to read smaller letters than they could have normally. Their expectation their mindsetimproved their actual vision. (5)That means that

38、some people may be able to change prescriptions if they change the way they think about seeing. But other health consequences might be more important than that. Heres another study, this one using clothing as a trigger for aging stereotypes. Most people try to dress appropriately for their age, so c

39、lothing in effect becomes a cue for ingrained attitudes about age. But what if this cue disappeared? Langer decided to study people who routinely wear uniforms as part of their work life, and compare them with people who dress in street clothes. She found that people who wear uniforms missed fewer d

40、ays owing to illness or injury, had fewer doctors visits and hospitalizations, and had fewer chronic diseaseseven though they all had the same socioeconomic status. Thats because they were not constantly reminded of their own aging by their fashion choices. The health differences were even more exag

41、gerated when Langer looked at affluent people: presumably the means to buy even more clothes provides a steady stream of new aging cues, which wealthy people internalize as unhealthy attitudes and expectations. (6)Langers point is that we are surrounded every day by subtle signals that aging is an u

42、ndesirable period of decline. These signals make it difficult to age gracefully. Similar signals also lock all of usregardless of ageinto pigeonholes for disease. We are too quick to accept diagnostic categories like cancer and depression, and let them define us. (7)Thats not to say that we wont enc

43、ounter illness, bad moods or a stiff back. But with a little mindfulness, we can try to embrace uncertainty and understand that the way we feel today may or may not connect to the way we will feel tomorrow. 29 Which of the following is NOT true about the old men in the experimental group during Lang

44、ers experiment? （ A） They look younger than they are. （ B） They look much happier than before. （ C） Their joints tend to be more flexible. （ D） They have fewer diseases than before. 30 The word woo-wooey in the third paragraph probably means _. （ A） marvelous （ B） incredible （ C） impractical （ D） my

45、sterious 31 What is the role of the 4th paragraph in the development of the topic? （ A） To show how to use an eye chart in an unordinary way. （ B） To show that the regular eye chart is not properly designed. （ C） To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraphs. （ D） To provide a contrast to

46、 the preceding paragraphs. 32 We can infer from the passage that _. （ A） rich people tend to be more conscious of getting old （ B） it is beneficial for human beings to travel back to the past （ C） an upside-down eye chart is good for peoples eyesight （ D） mens mindset can wipe out illness like hand

47、arthritis 32 (1)When catastrophic floods hit Bangladesh, TNTs emergency-response team was ready. The logistics giant, with headquarters in Amsterdam, has 50 people on standby to intervene anywhere in the world at 48 hours notice. This is part of a five-year-old partnership with the World Food Progra

48、m (WFP), the UNs agency that fights hunger. The team has attended to some two dozen emergencies, including the Asian tsunami in 2004. “Were just faster,“ says Ludo Oelrich, the director of TNTs “Moving the World“ program. (2)Emergency help is not TNTs only offering. Volunteers do stints around the w

49、orld on secondment to WFP and staff are encouraged to raise money for the program (they generated euro2.5m last year). There is knowledge transfer, too: TNT recently improved the school-food supply chain in Liberia, increasing WFPs efficiency by 15-20%, and plans to do the same in Congo. (3)Why does TNT do these things? “People feel this is a company t