ASTM C168-2005a Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation《与隔热材料相关的标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: C 168 05aStandard Terminology Relating toThermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard provides definitions, symbols, units, andabbreviations of terms used in ASTM standards pertaining tothermal insulating materials, and to mater
3、ials associated withthem.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ISO Standard:ISO 7345 Thermal InsulationPhysical Quantities andDefinitions23. Terminology3.1 Definitions:absorptance, nthe ratio of the radiant flux absorbed by abody to that incident upon it.absorption, ntransformation of radiant energy to a diffe
4、rentform of energy by interaction with matter.apparent thermal conductivity, la, ka, na thermal con-ductivity assigned to a material that exhibits thermal trans-mission by several modes of heat transfer resulting inproperty variation with specimen thickness, or surface emit-tance. See conductivity,
5、thermal.DISCUSSIONThermal conductivity and resistivity are normally con-sidered to be intrinsic or specific properties of materials and, as such,should be independent of thickness. When nonconductive modes ofheat transfer are present within the specimen (radiation, free convec-tion) this may not be
6、the case. To indicate the possible presence of thisphenomena (for example, thickness effect) the modifier “apparent” isused, as in apparent thermal conductivity.DISCUSSIONTest data using the “apparent” modifier must be quotedonly for the conditions of the measurement. Values of thermal conduc-tance
7、(material C) and thermal resistance (material R) calculated fromapparent thermal conductivity or resistivity, are valid only for the sameconditions.DISCUSSIONTest data labeled with “apparent” shall not include anyequipment related measurement errors induced due to measurementattempts beyond an appar
8、atus range or calibration.DISCUSSIONUse of the “apparent” modifier with system C or systemR measurements is not permitted.apparent thermal resistivity, ra, na thermal resistivityassigned to a material that exhibits thermal transmission byseveral modes of heat transfer resulting in property variation
9、with specimen thickness, or surface emittance. See resistiv-ity, thermal.DISCUSSIONSee entire discussion under apparent thermal conduc-tivity.area weight, nweight per unit area for a specified sample, inunits of lb/ft2(kg/m2).batt, nblanket insulation manufactured to dimensions asrequired by a speci
10、fic application.blackbody, nthe ideal, perfect emitter and absorber ofthermal radiation. It emits radiant energy at each wavelengthat the maximum rate possible as a consequence of itstemperature, and absorbs all incident radiance.blanket, nflexible insulation product, supplied rolled or flat.blanket
11、 insulation, na relatively flat and flexible insulationin coherent sheet form furnished in units of substantial area.blanket insulation, metal mesh, n blanket insulation cov-ered by flexible metal-mesh facings attached on one or bothsides.block insulation, nrigid insulation preformed into rectangu-l
12、ar units.board insulation, nsemirigid insulation preformed intorectangular units having a degree of suppleness particularlyrelated to their geometrical dimensions.calcium silicate, ninsulation composed principally of hy-drous calcium silicate, and which usually contains reinforc-ing fibers.cellular
13、elastomeric, ninsulation composed principally ofnatural or synthetic elastomers, or both, processed to form aflexible, semirigid, or rigid foam which has a predominantlyclosed-cell structure.cellular glass, ninsulation composed of glass processed toform a rigid foam having a predominantly closed-cel
14、lstructure.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.94 onTerminology.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2005 a
15、s C 168 05.2Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.cellular polyimide, ninsulation composed of the reactionproduct in
16、which the bonds formed between monomersduring polymerization are essentially imide units forming acellular structure.cellular polystyrene, ninsulation composed principally ofpolymerized styrene resin processed to form a rigid foamhaving a predominantly closed-cell structure.cellular polyurethane, ni
17、nsulation composed principally ofthe catalyzed reaction product of polyisocyanate and poly-hydroxy compounds, processed usually with fluorocarbongas to form a rigid foam having a predominantly closed-cellstructure.cellulosic fiber, ninsulation composed principally of cellu-lose fibers usually derive
18、d from paper, paperboard stock, orwood, with or without binders.cement, finishing, na mixture of dry fibrous or powderymaterials, or both, that when mixed with water develops aplastic consistency, and when dried in place forms a rela-tively hard, protective surface.cement, insulating, na mixture of
19、dry granular, flaky,fibrous, or powdery materials that when mixed with waterdevelops a plastic consistency, and when dried in placeforms a coherent covering that affords substantial resistanceto heat transmission.closed cell foam, na material comprised predominantly ofindividual non-interconnecting
20、cellular voids.coating, na liquid or semiliquid that dries or cures to form aprotective finish, suitable for application to thermal insula-tion or other surfaces in thickness of 30 mils (0.76 mm) orless, per coat.conductance, film, nthe time rate of heat flow from a unitarea of a surface to its surr
21、oundings, induced by a unittemperature difference between the surface and the environ-ment.DISCUSSIONThe environment is a fluid (liquids or gases). h dependson the nature of fluid motion past the surface (laminar or turbulent). (hin SI units: W/m2K).conductance, thermal, C, nthe time rate of steady
22、state heatflow through a unit area of a material or construction inducedby a unit temperature difference between the body surfaces.C 5 q/DTA conductance (C) associated with a material shall bespecified as a material C. A conductance ( C) associated with asystem or construction of materials shall be
23、specified as asystem C.(C in SI units: W/m2K.) (C in inch-pound units:(Btu/h)/ft2/F = Btu/h ft2F.)DISCUSSIONThe average temperature of a surface is the area-weighted temperature of that surface.DISCUSSIONWhen the surfaces of a mass type thermal insulation arenot of equal areas, as in the case of the
24、rmal transmission in the radialdirection, or are not of uniform separation (thickness), the surface areaand thickness to which the conductance is assigned must be defined.DISCUSSION“Total or “areal thermal conductance are often usedas synonyms for thermal conductance.DISCUSSIONThermal conductance an
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