ASTM C1646 C1646M-2016 Standard Practice for Making and Curing Test Specimens for Evaluating Resistance of Coarse Aggregate to Freezing and Thawing in Air-Entrained Concrete《用于评估粗集.pdf

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1、Designation: C1646/C1646M 08aC1646/C1646M 16Standard Practice forMaking and Curing Test Specimens for EvaluatingResistance of Coarse Aggregate to Freezing and Thawing inAir-Entrained Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1646/C1646M; the number immediately following the desig

2、nation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedure

3、s for making and curing test specimens for evaluating resistance of normal-weight coarseaggregates to freezing and thawing in air-entrained concrete in accordance with Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure A or B.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately

4、as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This practice does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if a

5、ny, associated with its use. It is the responsibility ofthe user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin

6、 andtissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydrauli

7、c-Cement ConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressur

8、e MethodC490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and ThawingD75 Practice for Sampling Aggreg

9、ates2.2 ACI Standard:4211.1 Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C125.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and

10、Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.67 onResistance to the Environment.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008June 1, 2016. Published January 2009June 2016. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2008 asC1646/C1646M 08.C1646/C1646M 8a. DOI:

11、 10.1520/C1646_C1646M-08A.10.1520/C1646_C1646M-16.2 Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.02.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual

12、 Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide

13、the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the stan

14、dard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 This practice provides sta

15、ndard requirements for evaluating proportioning concrete, and for preparing and conditioning testspecimens suitable for evaluating the durability of coarse aggregate in air-entrained concrete subjected to freezing and thawing inaccordance with Test Method C666/C666M.4.2 Concrete having an adequate a

16、ir-void system may not be resistant to freezing and thawing if it contains coarse aggregatethat becomes critically saturated. An aggregate particle is considered to be critically saturated when there is insufficient unfilledpore space to accommodate the expansion of water that accompanies the freezi

17、ng.4.3 The potential of the coarse aggregate to cause damage due to cycles of freezing and thawing is evaluated by Test MethodC666/C666M.5. Apparatus5.1 Equipment for mixing concrete and procedures for making and curing test specimens shall be in accordance with PracticeC192/C192M.6. Coarse Aggregat

18、e Preparation6.1 SamplingSample in accordance with Practice D75.6.2 GradingWhen coarse aggregates are to be compared using this practice, standardize the coarse aggregate gradings byrecombining individual size fractions in accordance with Table 1 for the appropriate size aggregate being tested. Brin

19、g theas-received sample to a saturated-surface-dry (SSD) condition or drier prior to sieving. Do not oven-dry the coarse aggregatesample. If necessary, air drying of the sample to achieve this condition is permitted. The nominal-maximum-aggregate size shallnot exceed one-third the least dimension of

20、 the test specimen to be used. Fine aggregate shall meet the requirements ofSpecification C33 and the grading shall conform to Table 1.6.3 ConditioningCondition fine and coarse aggregates as follows:6.3.1 Fine AggregateUniformly wet the fine aggregate 24 h prior to mixing of concrete so that the moi

21、sture content exceedsthe saturated-surface-dry condition but there is no tendency for loss of surface water by draining. Keep the fine aggregate coveredto prevent evaporation prior to use.6.3.2 Coarse AggregateImmerse the coarse aggregate in water 24 h prior to mixing of concrete. On the day of mixi

22、ng, decantthe water from the coarse aggregate.7. Concrete Mixture7.1 IngredientsThe portland cement shall meet the requirements of Specification C150, Type I or Type II. Batches for aparticular test series shall use cement, fine aggregate, and air-entraining admixture taken from the same lot.7.2 Air

23、-entraining admixtureAs described in Specification C494/C494M, section on Air-Entraining Admixture (See Note 1).NOTE 1As stated in Specification C494/C494M, note that “neutralized Vinsol resin” is required if no material is designated by the person or agencyfor whom the testing is being performed.7.

24、3 ProportionsExcept when tests are being made where mixture proportions are those proposed for the work, proportion allconcrete using ACI 211.1 conforming to the following requirements:TABLE 1 Grading RequirementsAmounts Finer Than Each Laboratory Sieve, Mass PercentSize No. NominalMax. Size37.5 mm1

25、 12 in.25.0 mm1 in.19.0 mm34 in.12.5 mm12 in.9.5 mm38 in.4.75 mmNo. 42.36 mmNo. 81.18 mmNo. 16300 mNo. 50150 mNo. 100467 37.5 mm1 12 in.100 70 50 30 20 056 25.0 mm 1in.100 60 25 057 25.0 mm 1in.100 75 40 06 19.0 mm34 in.100 35 067 19.0 mm34 in.100 60 35 07 12.5 mm12 in.100 55 08 9.5 mm38 in.100 20 0

26、89 9.5 mm38 in.100 35 15 0FineAggregate4.75 mmNo. 4100 65-75 12-20 2-5C1646/C1646M 1627.3.1 The cement content shall be 307 6 3 kg/m3 517 6 5 5 lblb/ydyd37.3.2 The air content used in the computation of mixture proportions shall be in accordance with Table 2. The amount ofair-entraining admixture us

27、ed shall be such as to give an air content as prescribed in Table 2, 6 1 %, when tested according to TestMethod C231 or Test Method C173/C173M.7.3.3 The mixture shall contain the amount of coarse aggregate shown in the “Volume of CoarseAggregate Per Unit of Volumeof Concrete” table of ACI 211.1 for

28、the nominal-maximum size of aggregate and for the fineness modulus of the fine aggregatebeing used.7.3.4 Adjust the water content and fine aggregate content to obtain a slump of 75 6 25 mm 3 6 1 in. when tested inaccordance with Test Method C143/C143M.7.4 MixingMachine mix the concrete as prescribed

29、 in Practice C192/C192M.8. Specimen Preparation and Conditioning8.1 Specimen PreparationThe type and size of the test specimen and the method for molding shall be in accordance with theTest Specimen section of Test Method C666/C666M, unless otherwise specified. If length change testing is to be perf

30、ormed as apermitted option in Test Method C666/C666M, fit the specimens with axially centered stainless steel gauge studs in accordancewith Practice C490.8.2 Number of SpecimensMake at least three freezing-and-thawing test specimens from each batch. In addition, make at leastthree cylindrical specim

31、ens from each batch for strength verification. The cylindrical specimens shall be made in accordance withPractice C192/C192M and tested in accordance with Test Method C39/C39M.8.3 CuringComplete initial storage and remove from molds in accordance with Practice C192/C192M. After removal fromthe molds

32、, inspect for defects and store in saturated limewater at 23.0 6 2.0 C 73.5 6 3.5 F to an age of 14 days.9. Method of Test9.1 After the specimens have cured, test in accordance with Procedure A or Procedure B of Test Method C666/C666M.10. Keywords10.1 aggregate; coarse aggregate; freezing and thawin

33、gSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this practice since the last issue,C1646/C1646M 08C1646/C1646M 08a, that may impact the use of this practice. (Approved December 15,2008)June 1, 2016.)(1) Revised the title, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, and Keywords to replace the

34、 term “frost” with “freezing and thawing.”(1) Revised Section 4: Significance and Use.Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this practice since the last issue,C1646/C1646M 07, that may impact the use of this practice. (Approved August 1, 2008)(1) Revised 1.2 and put SI uni

35、ts first throughout the standard to comply with C09s policy addressing SI units.(2) Added new Section 3 Terminology and renumbered subsequent sections.(3) Added new Note 1 after 7.2.TABLE 2 Target Total Air ContentNominal Maximum Size of Aggregate, mm in.9.5 38 12.5 12 19.034 25.0 1 37.5 1 12 Total

36、AirContent, %7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5C1646/C1646M 163ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,

37、 and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revi

38、sion of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you

39、shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be o

40、btained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 164