ASTM A27 A27M-2005 Standard Specification for Steel Castings Carbon for General Application.pdf

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1、Designation: A 27/A 27M 05Standard Specification forSteel Castings, Carbon, for General Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 27/A 27M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers carbon steel cas

3、tings for gen-eral applications that require up to 70 ksi 485 MPa minimumtensile strength.NOTE 1The grades covered by this specification represent materialsthat are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steelparts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that all these gra

4、despossess the same degree of weldability or that the same weldingtechniques can be used on all castings. It is the responsibility of thepurchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique.1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings arecovered, as indicated below. The grade and

5、class desired shallbe specified by the purchaser.1.2.1 Grade N-1Chemical analysis only.1.2.2 Grade N-2Heat-treated but not mechanically tested.1.2.3 Grade U-60-30 415-205Mechanically tested butnot heat-treated.1.2.4 Grades 60-30 415-205, 65-35 450-240, 70-36485-250, and 70-40 485-275Heat-treated and

6、 mechani-cally tested.1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified inaccordance with 9.2.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not e

7、xact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered toSpecification A 27 and SI units for material ordered to Speci-fication A

8、27M.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA 781/A 781M Sp

9、ecification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use3. General Conditions for Delivery3.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 781/A 781M, includingany supplementary requirements that are indicated in thepur

10、chase order. Failure to comply with the general require-ments of Specification A 781/A 781M constitutes nonconfor-mance with this specification. In case of conflict between therequirements of this specification and Specification A 781/A 781M, this specification shall prevail.4. Ordering Information4

11、.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information in proper sequence.4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Specification, grade (1.2), and class (9.2),4.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number ordrawing,4.1.4 Options in the specification, and4.1.5 Supplementary requirem

12、ents desired, including stan-dards of acceptance.5. Heat Treatment5.1 All castings of Grades N-2, 60-30 415-205, 65-35450-240, 70-36 485-250, and 70-40 485-275 shall be1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct re

13、sponsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved in 1901 as A 27 - 01. Last previous edition approved in 2003 asA 27/A 27M 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S

14、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1

15、9428-2959, United States.heat-treated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing andtempering, or quenching and tempering. Unless otherwisespecified in the inquiry, contract, or order, the castings may beheat-treated by any one or combination of these heat-treatments at the option of the manufactur

16、er.5.1.1 Heat-treatment shall be performed after castings havebeen allowed to cool from the pouring temperature to belowthe transformation range.5.2 Furnace temperatures for heat-treating shall be regulatedby the use of pyrometers.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirement

17、s as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Product analysistolerances shall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerancesshown in Specification A 781/A 781M. When residual elementchemical content is of interest to the purchaser, S54 may beconsidered.7. Tensile Properties7.1 Except for Grades N-

18、1 and N-2, one tension test shall beperformed on each heat and the mechanical properties thusdetermined shall conform to the requirements specified inTable 2. The tension test shall be performed in accordance withTest Methods and Definitions A 370.7.2 Test bars shall be poured in special blocks simi

19、lar tothose shown in Fig. 1 of SpecificationA 781/A 781M and fromthe same heat as the casting represented.7.3 Test coupons may be cut from the heat-treated (ifrequired) castings or cast integrally with the castings at theproducers option.7.4 The test bars for heat-treated castings shall be heat-trea

20、ted in production furnaces to the same procedure as thecastings they represent. When specified by the purchaser, thetest bars shall be heat-treated with the castings.7.5 Test specimens shall be machined to the form anddimensions shown in Fig. 4 of Test Methods and DefinitionsA 370, with the ends mac

21、hined to fit the grips on the tensiletesting machine to be used. Suggested types of ends forstandard round tension test specimens are shown in Fig. 5 ofTest Methods and Definitions A 370.7.6 If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws arerevealed by machining or during testing, the specimen m

22、ay bediscarded and another substituted from the same heat.7.7 When this specification is applied to investment cast-ings, test coupons and tension test specimens shall be obtainedand prepared as directed in S3.2 of Specification A 732/A 732M. Test coupons shall be heat treated as prescribed in7.4.8.

23、 Retests8.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat, lot, orcasting do not conform to the requirements specified, retestsare permitted as outlined in Test Methods and DefinitionsA 370. At the manufacturers option, castings may be reheat-treated and retested. When castings are reheat-trea

24、ted, theymay not be reaustenitized more than 3 times without theapproval of the purchaser. Testing after reheat treatment shallconsist of the full number of specimens taken from locationscomplying with the specification or order.9. Rework and Retreatment9.1 All welds shall be inspected to the same q

25、uality stan-dards as were used to inspect the casting.9.2 If postweld heat-treatment is required, Class 1 must bespecified along with the grade, and the welds to be heat-treatedmust be defined. If postweld heat-treatment is not required,Class 2 must be specified along with the grade.10. Keywords10.1

26、 castings; general application; steelTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsGrade (UNS No.)AComposition, %Carbon,Bmax Manganese,Bmax Silicon, max Sulfur, max Phosphorus, maxGrade N-1 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.06 0.05Grade N-2 (J03500) 0.35 0.60 0.80 0.06 0.05Grade U-60-30 415-205 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.06

27、0.05Grade 60-30 415-205 (J03000) 0.30 0.60 0.80 0.06 0.05Grade 65-35 450-240 (J03001) 0.30 0.70 0.80 0.06 0.05Grade 70-36 485-250 (J03501) 0.35 0.70 0.80 0.06 0.05Grade 70-40 485-275 (J02501) 0.25 1.20 0.80 0.06 0.05ASpecify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).BFor each red

28、uction of 0.01 % carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximumof 1.40 % for Grade 70-40 485-275 and 1.00 % for the other grades.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsGradeATensileStrength,min,ksi MPaYield Point,min, ksiMPaElongat

29、ion in2in.50 mm,min, %BReduction ofArea,min, %Grade U-60-30415-20560 415 30 205 22 30Grade 60-30415-20560 415 30 205 24 35Grade 65-35450-24065 450 35 240 24 35Grade 70-36485-25070 485 36 250 22 30Grade 70-40485-275C70 485 40 275 22 30ASpecify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see

30、9.2).BWhen ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in thisspecification, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.CGrade 70-40 485-275 may be used to meet the requirement of Grade 70-36485-250, when agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.A 2

31、7/A 27M 052SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSAlist of standardized supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is describedin SpecificationA 781/A 781M. Those which are considered suitable for use with this specification arelisted below by title only. Additional supplementary requireme

32、nts suitable for use with thisspecification at the option of the purchaser are described below. One or more of the supplementaryrequirements indicated below may be included in the purchasers order or contract. When so included,a supplementary requirement shall have the same force as if it were in th

33、e body of the specification.Supplementary requirements details not fully described shall be agreed upon between the purchaserand the supplier, but shall not negate any of the requirements in the body of the specification.S1. Magnetic Particle ExaminationS2. Radiographic ExaminationS3. Liquid Penetra

34、nt ExaminationS4. Ultrasonic ExaminationS6. CertificationS8. MarkingS9. Charpy Impact TestS10. Hardness TestS12. Test ReportS13. Unspecified ElementsS14. Tension Test from CastingsS51. Permissible Variations in Dimensional Tolerances forCastings Made from Mounted PatternsS51.1 Tolerances for commerc

35、ial steel castings (S51.1.1)made from mounted patterns and the surfaces that are not to bemachined shall be in accordance with Table 3. Metal matchplate patterns and precise molding methods can produce closertolerances than the values shown in Table 3. Complex castingdesigns may require different pe

36、rmissible variations than thoselisted in Table 3.S51.1.1 The term “commercial castings” does not covercastings requiring special fixtures for gaging, or finishingcastings by grinding to special tolerance gages beyond thenormal requirements as listed in Table 3.S52. Gate and Riser Projections for Cas

37、tings Made fromMounted PatternsS52.1 Castings shall have gates and risers removed in sucha manner that no riser or gate stub projects or a depression ismade beyond or below the casting design contour in an amountthat would exceed the values given in Table 4.S53. Weight Deviation for Castings Made fr

38、om MountedPatternsS53.1 The allowable deviations from the average castingweight are shown in Table 5.S54. Chemical Analysis for Residual ElementsS54.1 The manufacturer shall determine the percentage ofelements specified as follows, using procedures specified inSpecification A 781/A 781M. The chemica

39、l analysis thus de-termined shall conform to the following requirements:Copper, max, % 0.50Nickel, max, % 0.50Molybdenum, max, % 0.25Chromium, max, % 0.50S54.2 Total content of these residual elements, maximumpercent 1.00.TABLE 3 Normally Expected Deviation of Linear CastingDimensions from Design Di

40、mensionsBlueprint Dimension, in. mm Tolerances, in. mmUp to 3 75, incl +432 3 332 2Over 3 to 7 75 to 175, incl +532 4 432 3Over 7 to 20 175 to 500, incl +632 5 532 4Over 20 to 100 500 to 2500, incl +832 6 632 5TABLE 4 Gate and Riser Projection TolerancesRiser or Gate Maximum Di-mension, in. mmMaximu

41、mProjection,in. mmMaximumDepression,in. mmUp to 4 100, incl18 318 3Over 4 to 8 100 to 200, incl14 618 3Over 8 to 20 200 to 500, incl38 1018 3Over 20 to 30 500 to 750, incl12 1314 6Over 30 75034 1914 6A 27/A 27M 053SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to thi

42、s standard since the last issue(A 27/A 27M 03) that may impact the use of this standard (Approved March 1, 2005).(1) Revised 7.5 so that it is clear the types of ends shown inFig. 5 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370 are suggested,not mandatory.ASTM International takes no position respecting the

43、validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is

44、subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Head

45、quarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This sta

46、ndard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or s

47、erviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 5 Allowable DeviationAfrom Average Casting WeightCasting Weight, lb kg PositiveDeviation, %NegativeDeviation, %Up to 100 45, incl 8.0 8.0Over 100 to 500 45 to 230, incl 6.5 5.0Over 500 to 10 000 230 to 4540, incl 5.0 3.0Over 10 000 4540 3.0 2.5ADeviations do not apply to mass as calculated from a design drawing.A 27/A 27M 054