ASME HST-3-1999 Performance Standard for Manually Lever Operated Chain Hoists (HST-3 - 1999)《手柄操纵的链式提升机性能标准》.pdf

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1、 Intentionally left blank The American Society of Mechanical Engineers AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PERFORMANCE STANDARD FOR MANUAllY LEVER OPERATED CHAIN HOISTS ASME HST-3-1! Revision of ASME HST-3M-1991 (R1996)I Date of Issuance: November 8, 1999 This Standard will be revised when the Society app

2、roves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard issued to this edition. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as m

3、eeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review an

4、d comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not “approve,“ “rate,“ or “endorse“ any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validit

5、y of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised

6、 that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of the infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement

7、 of this code or standard. ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an

8、 electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright 0 1999 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. This Standa

9、rd is one in a series that provide performance requirements for hoists and was originally issued in 1985. It was developed by the ASME Standards Committee HST, Hoists - Overhead. It is intended to serve as a guide to manufacturers of the equipment, and to the purchasers and users of the equipment. S

10、tandards in this series are: HST-I Electric Chain Hoists HST-2 Hand Chain Manually Operated Chain Hoists HST-3 Manually Lever Operated Chain Hoists HST-4 Electric Wire Rope Hoists HST-5 Air Chain Hoists HST-6 Air Wire Rope Hoists This revision adds a new appendix that, in conjunction with intended t

11、o replace MIL-H-904. ASME HST- .3- 1999, is Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. They should be sent to The American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Attn: Secretary, HST Committee, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990. This Standard was approved as an American National St

12、andard on July 12, 1999. . 111 Intentionally left blank ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE HST Hoists - Overhead (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.) OFFICERS A. R. loth, Chair C. J. Gomez, Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL C. J. Gomez, The American Society of M

13、echanical Engineers D. A. Merkel, Square D Co. E. R. Naylor, Campbell Chain R. R. Reisinger, FKI Industries, Inc. A. R. Toth, Harnischfeger Industries, Inc. F. W. Weidner, Naval Sea Systems Command V Intentionally left blank CONTENTS Foreword Committee Roster 1 General . 1.1 Scope . 1.2 The Appendix

14、 1.3 Reference Standards 1.4 Definitions . 2 Performance . 2.1 General 2.2 Application 2.3 Operating Characteristics 2.4 Performance Characteristics . 3 Mechanical 3.1 Design Stresses 3.2 Load Sprockets . 3.3 Load Chain 3.4 Hooks . 3.5 Load Blocks . 3.6 Load Controlling Mechanism 3.7 Overtravel Rest

15、raint 3.8 Convertable Capacity . 3.9 Overload Limiting Device 3.10 Overload Warning Device 4 Load Testing. Marking. Manuals. Operating. Inspection. and Maintenance Procedures 4.1 Load Testing . 4.2 Marking (by Manufacturer) . 4.3 Manual 4.4 Operation 4.5 Inspection and Maintenance Procedures Figure

16、1 Manually Lever Operated Chain Hoist Tables 1 Typical Characteristics of Manually Lever Operated Chain Hoists . Ratchet and Pawl Type. Welded Link and Roller Chain . . 111 V 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 3 5 vii 2 Typical Characteristics of Manually Lever Operated Chain Hoists - Friction Brake Type, Welded

17、 Link and Roller Chain 6 Nonmandatory Appendix A Performance Requirements for Manually Lever Operated Chain Hoists Used In Marine and Other Applications as Required by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) 9 . Vlll ASME HST-3-1999 PERFORMANCE STANDARD FOR MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED CHAIN HOISTS 1 GENERA

18、L 1.1 Scope (a) This Standard establishes performance require- ments for manually lever operated chain hoists used for lifting, pulling, and tensioning-type applications. (b) The specifications and information contained in this Standard apply to manually lever operated chain hoists of the following

19、types: (I) ratchet and pawl operation with: (a) roller-type load chain; (b) welded link-type load chain. (a) roller-type load chain; (b) welded link-type load chain. (2) friction brake operation with: (c) Manually lever operated hoists using wire rope as the lifting medium and specially insulated le

20、ver hoists designed for handling high voltage lines are not covered by this Standard. (d) This Standard is applicable to hoists manufactured after the date on which this Standard is issued. This Standard is not applicable to: (I) damaged or malfunctioning hoists; (2) hoists that have been misused or

21、 abused; (3) hoists that have been altered without authoriza- (4) hoists used for lifting or supporting people; (5) hoists used for marine and other applications tion of the manufacturer or a qualified person; as required by the Department of Defense (DOD). 1.2 The Appendix Nonmandatory Appendix A,

22、Performance Require- ments for Manually Lever Operated Chain Hoists Used in Marine and Other Applications as Required by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), applies to the performance requirements for hoists used in marine and other applications. The requirements stated in Ap- pendix A are in addi

23、tion to the requirements of ASME HST-3-1999 and shall be specifically invoked. 1.3 Reference Standards The following documents form a part of this Standard to the extent specified herein. The latest issue shall apply. ANSI 2535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels Publisher: National Electrical Manufa

24、cturers Association (NEMA), 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209 ANSVNFPA 70, National Electrical Code Publisher: National Fire protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101 ASME B30.9, Slings ASME B30.10, Hooks ASME B30.11, Monorails and Underhung Cranes ASME B30.16

25、, Overhead Hoists (Underhung) Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engi- neers (ASME International), Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016; ASME Order Deptartment: 22 Law Drive, Box 2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300 1.4 Definitions abnormal operating conditions: environmental condi- tions that

26、 are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or for the operation of a hoist, such as excessively high or low ambient temperature, exposure to weather, corrosive fumes, dust laden or moisture laden atmo- spheres, and hazardous locations. ambient temperature: the temperature of the atmo- sphere surro

27、unding the hoist. brake: a device for retarding and stopping motion of the load (see load controlling mechanism). hazardous (classijed) locations: locations where fire or explosion hazards may exist. Locations are classified according to the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids, or gases, or

28、combustible dust or fibers that may be present, and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present. Refer to ANSVNFPA 70, latest issue. ASME HST-3-1999 PERFORMANCE STANDARD FOR MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED CHAIN HOISTS headroom (closed height): the distance between th

29、e saddle of the suspension hook and the saddle of the load hook when the load hook is in its fully retracted position (upper limit of travel) (see Fig. 1). hook latch: a mechanical device to bridge the throat opening of a hook. idler sprocket: a device free to rotate that changes the direction of th

30、e load chain. This device is sometimes called idler wheel, idler sheave, pocket wheel, or chain wheel. lever pull: the average force measured in Ibf (kN) exerted by the operator at the end of the operating lever (handle) to lift or pull rated load. used for holding and controlling loads. This unidir

31、ec- tional device requires a force applied to the operating lever to lower the load, but does not impose additional lever pull when lifting the load. (b) ratchet and pawl ope: a load controlling mecha- nism consisting of interlocking pawl(s) and ratchet that act to hold the load by mechanical engage

32、ment. load hook: the hook used to connect the load to the hoist. load sprocket: a hoist component that transmits motion to the load chain. This component is sometimes called a load wheel, load sheave, pocket wheel, chain wheel, or lift wheel. lever-type hoist: a lever operated manual device used loa

33、d suspension parts: the suspension hook, the chain, tension. the sprocket(s), and the load block. to lift, lower, or pull a load and to apply or release the sProcket(s), the StmctUre or housing which SUPPOrts lift: the maximum distance through which the load normal operating conditions: conditions d

34、uring which hook can travel (see Fig. 1). a hoist is performing functions within the scope of the lifting devices: devices that are not normally reeved onto the hoist chain(s), such as supplemental devices operating lever: the lever or handle provided to oper- used for handling or attaching to the l

35、oad. The weight ate the hoist. of these devices is to be considered part of the load overload, any load greater than the rated load. to be lifted. original design. load: the total imposed weight on the load block or load hook and includes weight of lifting devices. load block: the assembly of hook o

36、r shackle, swivel, bearing, pins, sprocket, and frame suspended by the load chain. This term shall be understood to include all appurtenances reeved into the load chain. load chain: a specially constructed hoist chain that passes through the hoist to support the load. roller link: a series of altern

37、ately assembled roller links and pin links in which pins articulate inside the bushings and rollers are free to turn on the bushings. Pins and bushings are pressfit in their respective link plates. Rollerless chain may be provided on some manufacturers equipment. welded link: a chain consisting of i

38、nterwoven links formed and welded. NOTE: Load chain properties do not conform to those shown in ASME B30.9. parts (lines): number of lines of chain supporting the load block or hook. pawl: a device for holding the machinery against undesired rotation by engaging a ratchet. qualified person: a person

39、 who, by possession of a recognized degree or certificate of professional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge, training, and experi- ence, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work. ratchet: a toothed member that engages with

40、a pawl. rated load: the maximum load for which a hoist is designated by the manufacturer. reach (extended height): the distance from the saddle of the load hook at its fully extended position (lower limit of travel) to the saddle of the suspension hook. Reach is equal to lift plus headroom (see Fig.

41、 1). load controlling mechanism: a mechanism that func- tions automatically to hold and control the load. In reeving: the reeving of the hoist is the path of the load chain between the hoist and load block (see Fig. I). each of the following general types, a reciprocating shall: the word shall indic

42、ates that adherence to the force must be applied to the hoist lever to lower the load. particular requirement is necessary to conform to this (a) friction brake type: an automatic type of brake Standard. 2 w Load hook in the fully retracted position (upper limit of travel) II Lift Load hook at its f

43、ully extended position (lower limit of travel) I 1 Single Reeved (1 Part) 8: Multiple Reeved (2 Part) Idler 8 Load sprocket I hook FIG. 1 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED CHAIN HOIST ASME HST-3-1999 should: the word should indicates a recommendation, the use of which depends upon the facts in each situation.

44、 side pull: any force or operating condition that restricts the load block, chain, and hoist body from forming a straight line with the direction of loading. suspension hook: the hook attached to the body of the hoist. 2 PERFORMANCE 2.1 General All equipment selected in accordance with this Stan- da

45、rd is designed to perform satisfactorily when used in accordance with para. 4.4 and used within the rated load. The user should consult with the manufacturer for lever operated hoists to be used in hazardous (classified) locations or under abnormal operating condi- tions. All equipment shall provide

46、 operating lever pull, lift, and headroom in accordance with the manufacturers specifications or the specifications agreed upon by the manufacturer and user. 2.2 Application Lever operated hoists shall be suitable for lifting or lowering, pulling, or tensioning loads within their rated load. They sh

47、all be capable of being used in pulling or tensioning applications at any angle, provided the load block, chain, and hoist body are not restricted from forming a straight line with the direction of loading. The hoists covered by this Standard are intended for industrial use in ambient temperatures f

48、rom 0F (-18C) to 130F (54C) and should perform satisfactorily when applied and operated in the manner described in the pertinent sections of this Standard. Because of varying environmental conditions, load- ing, and usage, the hoist service life is interrelated to the type and frequency of maintenan

49、ce performed on the unit. Equipment covered by this Standard should be inspected and maintained according to para. 4.5. 2.3 Operating Characteristics Lever operated hoists shall be constructed to provide the following operating characteristics: (a) the hoist shall lift, lower, or pull a load and apply or release tension in controlled increments when a manual force is applied to the operating lever (handle); PERFORMANCE STANDARD FOR MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED CHAIN HOISTS (b) the hoist shall lift or pull the