ASME B30 28-2015 Balance Lifting Units《平衡起重单位》.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.28-2015(Revision of ASME B30.28-2010)BalanceLifting UnitsSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.28-2015(Revision of ASME B30.28-2010)BalanceLifting UnitsSafety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, H

2、ooks, Jacks,and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: December 30, 2015The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2020. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inqu

3、iries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the Committee Web page and under go.asme.org/InterpsDatabase.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly publish

4、ed items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particu

5、lar code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting

6、 the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment

7、 that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any pat

8、ent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determina

9、tion of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or stand

10、ard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval syst

11、em or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2015 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . viB30 Stand

12、ard Introduction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 28-0 Scope, Definitions, References, Translations, and PersonnelCompetence . 1Section 28-0.1 Scope of ASME B30.28 1Section 28-0.2 Definitions . 1Section 28-0.3 Translations of Safety-Related Information and Control Designations . 2Section 28-0.4 Pe

13、rsonnel Competence 2Section 28-0.5 References 2Chapter 28-1 Marking, Construction, and Installation 4Section 28-1.1 Markings . 4Section 28-1.2 Construction . 4Section 28-1.3 Installation . 5Chapter 28-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . 7Section 28-2.1 Inspection 7Section 28-2.2 Testing . 9Sect

14、ion 28-2.3 Maintenance . 10Chapter 28-3 Operation . 11Section 28-3.1 Conduct of Operators . 11Section 28-3.2 Handling the Load . 11Section 28-3.3 Training 11Section 28-3.4 Responsibilities . 11Figures28-0.1-1 Fixed Arm . 328-0.1-2 Flexible Lifting Medium 3iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard,

15、Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 whenan eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by

16、 an ASME Committee on theProtection of Industrial Workers, was presented at the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Elec

17、trical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (AESC) later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the UnitedStates of America Standards Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSI, Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labo

18、r and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and theLocomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASME SafetyCode Correlating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with theU.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March

19、1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations. Commencing Jun

20、e 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code publishedby ASME in 1916 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the Safety Code for Cranes,Derricks, and Hoists. The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks, but,due to inputs and comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committ

21、ee decided in 1938 to makethe requirements for jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was publishedaddressing a multitude of equipment types, and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was publishedjust addressing jacks. Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safetysta

22、ndards.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yardsand Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command), was reorganized on January 31, 1962,with 39 m

23、embers representing 27 national organizations. The new committee changed the formatof ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be published inseparate volumes that could completely cover the construction, installation, inspection, testing,maintenance, and operation

24、of each type of equipment that was included in the scope of ASA B30.2.This format change resulted in the initial publication of B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16being designated as revisions of B30.2, with the remainder of the B30 volumes being publishedas totally new volumes. ASA changed its

25、name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, whichresulted in B30 volumes from 1943 to 1968 being designated as either ASA B30, USAS B30, orANSI B30, depending on their date of publication.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures develop

26、ed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. This Standard presents a coordi-nated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies andmunicipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling withinits scope. The suggestions leading to accident

27、 prevention are given both as mandatory andadvisory provisions; compliance with both types may be required by employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requ

28、irements or permit the use ofother devices or methods but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree of protectionis thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard, administra-tive or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in

29、 accordance with theformat described in Section IX of the Introduction, before rendering decisions on disputed points.ivSafety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing e

30、nvironmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.The first edition of this Standard was published in 2010. This 2015 Edition contains technicaland editorial revisions, including the addition of responsibilities of personnel, personnel compe-tence, and tra

31、nslations. It was approved by the B30 Standards Committee and by ANSI anddesignated as an American National Standard on November 20, 2015.vASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of ap

32、proval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSB. D. Closson, ChairT. L. Blanton, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, LTS Cranes MechanicalM. Eggenberger, Alternate, Berry Contracting, Inc.G. Austin, Terex Corp.T. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.R. Ohman, Alte

33、rnate, Verde Concepts, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupC. E. Lucas, Alternate, The Crosby GroupP. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.M. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.A. L. Calta, Alternate, The Manitowoc Co.B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.B. A. Pickett, Alternate, Systems Engineering and Forensic

34、ServicesJ. A. Danielson, The Boeing Co.D. Decker, Becket LLCL. D. DeMark, Equipment Training Solutions LLCD. F. Jordan, Alternate, BP AmericaD. W. Eckstine, Eckstine the chain shallbe replaced.(b) The existence of gouges, nicks, corrosion, weldspatter, or distorted links is sufficient reason to ques

35、tionchain safety and consider chain replacement. Safety in9this respect depends largely upon the use of good judg-ment by a designated person in evaluating the degreeof deficiency.(c) Replacement chain shall be the same size, grade,and construction as the original chain furnished by thebalancer manu

36、facturer, unless otherwise recommendedby the balancer manufacturer or a qualified person dueto actual working conditions.(d) Load chain links that pass over the balancer loadsprocket on edge (alternate to those that lie flat in thepockets) shall be installed (if recommended by the bal-ancer manufact

37、urer) with the welds away from the cen-ter of the sprocket. This precaution is not required onidler sprockets that change the direction but not thetension in the chain.(e) The chain shall be installed without any twistbetween the balancer and an anchored end on either theloaded side or slack side.(f

38、) When chain is replaced, disassemble and inspectthe mating parts (sprockets, guides, stripper) for wear,and replace if necessary.(g) Discarded load chains shall not be used for slings.28-2.1.7 Balancers Not in Regular Use(a) Balancers that are used infrequently or on standbyservice, which have been

39、 idle for a period of 1 monthor more, but less than 1 yr, shall be inspected beforebeing placed in service, in accordance with the require-ments listed in para. 28-2.1.3, Frequent Inspection.(b) Balancers that are used infrequently, which havebeen idle for a period of 1 yr or more, shall be inspecte

40、dbefore being placed in service in accordance with therequirements listed in para. 28-2.1.4, Periodic Inspection.28-2.1.8 Inspection Records(a) Dated inspection reports and records shall bemaintained for inspections performed as specified inpara. 28-2.1.2(b)(2). Records should be stored where theyar

41、e available to appointed persons.(b) A long-range inspection program for rope, chain,or both should be established and should include rec-ords on examination of ropes or chains removed fromservice so a relationship can be established betweenvisual observation and actual condition of the rope orchain

42、.SECTION 28-2.2: TESTING28-2.2.1 Manufacturer TestingAll newly manufactured balancers shall be tested bythe manufacturer after final assembly to verify(a) proper operation of all safety devices(b) proper operation of all controls(c) no unusual vibrations or noise(d) no fluid leaks(e) rated loadASME

43、B30.28-2015SECTION 28-2.3: MAINTENANCE28-2.3.1 Preventive Maintenance(a) The manufacturer shall provide a recommendedpreventive maintenance schedule to minimize the possi-bility of mechanical failures and excessive and unneces-sary wear.(b) A preventive maintenance program based on thebalancer manuf

44、acturers recommendations shall beestablished for balancers in operation. Dated records ofmaintenance performed shall be maintained.(c) Under severe conditions, or if excessive wear isnoted, scheduled intervals shall be adjusted to preventbreakdowns and excessive wear.28-2.3.2 Maintenance Procedures(

45、a) Maintenance shall be performed by a designatedperson.(b) Maintenance shall be performed in accordancewith the manufacturers recommended procedures andthe designated maintenance personnel shall be familiarwith the applicable contents of the manual(s) suppliedby the manufacturer.(c) A lockout/tagou

46、t policy and procedure shall bedeveloped, documented, and implemented by theowner or user of the balancer lifting system. Thelockout/tagout policy and procedure shall comply withthe requirements of ANSI/ASSE Z244.1.(d) The policy shall give consideration to the follow-ing areas:(1) balancer-system p

47、ower-disconnection means10(2) work to be performed on the balancer(e) All guards shall be reinstalled, all safety devicesreactivated, and maintenance equipment removed aftermaintenance is performed.28-2.3.3 Adjustments and Repairs(a) Replacement parts shall meet or exceed the manu-facturers specific

48、ations.(b) Missing or unreadable operational labels andsafety signs shall be replaced.(c) Any hazardous conditions disclosed by the inspec-tion requirements of Section 28-2.1 shall be correctedbefore operation of the balancer is resumed.(d) Balancers in which load-suspension parts havebeen altered,

49、replaced, or repaired shall be tested forproper operation before being returned to service afterthe maintenance or repair.28-2.3.4 Lubrication(a) Lubrication should be performed according to themanufacturers recommendations and procedures.(b) Delivery of lubricant to intended point shall beverified.(c) Machinery shall not be in operation while lubri-cants are being applied, unless equipped for automaticor remote lubrication, or unless the lubrication pointspecifically requires movement for the lubricatingprocedure.(15)ASME B30.28-2015Chapter 28-3OperationSECTION 28-3.1: CONDUC