ARMY MIL-HDBK-693 A-1972 MAGNESIUM AND MAGNESIUM ALLOYS《镁和镁合金》.pdf

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1、-e +W MCL-HDBK-693A . 14 April 1972 / MILITARY STANDARDIZATION HANDBOOK MAGNESIUM AND MAGNESIUM ALLOYS Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- hIL-HDBK-693A 75 9999970 0055257 B 2 f. DEPAR.TMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON, D. Ce MIL-HDBK-693 A Ma

2、gnesium and Magnesium Alloys 14 April 1972 1. This standardization handbook was developed by the Department of Defense in accordance with established procedures. 2. This publication was approved on 14 April 1972 for printing and inclusion in the mikitary standardization handbook series. 3. This hand

3、book will provide instruction and assistance to designers and engineers concerned with the design of magnesium components for military material. The handbook is not intended to be referenced in purchase specifications except for informational purposes, nor shall it supersede any specification requir

4、ements. 4. Every effort has been made to reflect the latest information on magnesium and magnesium alloys. It is the intent to review this handbook periodically to insure its completeness and currency. Users of this document are encouraged to report any errors discovered and any recommendations for

5、changes or inclusions to The Director, Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, Watertown, Mass. 02172, ATTN: AMXMR-MS. i I I l Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-bq3A 75 7799770 0055258 T W MIL-HDBK-693A 14 April 1972 Pref

6、ace This is one of a group of pamphlets covering the metallic and nonmetallic materials used in the design and construction of military equipment, which as a group constitute the Materials Handbook. The purpose of the Materials Handbook is to provide, in condensed form, technical information and dat

7、a of direct usefulness to engineers and designers of military equipment. The Materials Handbook summarizes the general characteristics of magnesium and magnesium alloys and provides information and data on magnesium alloy properties and characteristics, to assist in selecting an alloy for a given jo

8、b. An Appendix provides the specifications for the mechanical properties and chemical composition of each of the standard alloys. iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-bq3A 75 9777770 0055259 L I T 5. Contents Paragraph MlL-HDB

9、K.693A 14 April 1972 Page GENERAL DISCUSSION 1. General Characteristics . . . . . . 2. Economics of Production. . . . . . CLASSES OF MAGNESIUM AND MAGNESIUM 3. Types Available. . . . . . . 4. Pure Magnesium , . . , . . 5. Casting Alloys . . . . . . . 6. Wrought Alloys o . . , . . . 7. Designating Sy

10、stem . . . . . CHOICE OF ALLOY 8, Selection of Magnesium Alloys 9. Casting Alloys . . . . . . * 10. Wrought Alloys , . . . . . . FQRMS OF ALLOY 11. Forms Available . . e e . , PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 12. Available Physical Properties MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 13. Property Range . . . 14. Casting Alloys . .

11、. 15. Wrought Alloys . . . HEAT TREATMENT 16. General . . . . . . 17. Types . . . . . 18. Temper Designation . FORMABILITY 19. Forming . . . . 20. Bend Radii . . . . . . . . . . ALLOYS . V . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 8 9 9 9 11 14 15 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or

12、networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-. MIL-HDBK-bY3A 75 m. 7977770 0055260 !.A. “ MIL-HDBK-693A 14 April 1972 Paragraph Page MACHINABILITY 21 . Degree of Resistance 15 22 . Machining Characteristics 15 23 . Coolants 16 24. Safety Practices . 16 JOINING METHODS 25 . Methods 17 26. Mechan

13、ical Joining 18 27. Welding. 18 28. Brazing 19 29 . Soldering 19 30 . AdhesiveBonding 19 CORROSION . ITS CAUSES AND PREVENTION 31. General. 20 32. Atmospheric Environments 20 33. Chemical Environments . 21 34 . Surface Corrosion 21 35 . Surface Contamination 21 36 . Stress Corrosion Cracking 21 37 .

14、 Corrosion at High Temperature 22 38. Corrosion Prevention 22 39 . Finishing Systems 23 40 . Organic Coatings 26 41. plating,. 26 SPECIFICATIONS 42 . Government Specifications 26 43. ASTM Specifications . 28 CHECK LIST 44. General . 29 APPENDM . 95 vi Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or

15、networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Table 1 . 2 . 3 . 4. 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 150 16 . 17 . 18 . 19. 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 240 25 . 26 . 27 . MIL-HDBK-693A 14 April 1972 Tables Page Mechanical Property Ranges of Magnesium Alloys . Related Industrial Specifications

16、 for Magnesium Alloys . Cast andwrought Forms and Specifications Standards Cross Reference . Characteristics of Magnesium Sheet Alloys Characteristics of Magnesium Extrusion Alloys Characteristics of Magnesium Forging Alloys . Physical Properties of Magnesium Alloys . Physical Properties of Magnesiu

17、m Alloys . Fabrication Properties of Casting Alloys . Mechanical Requirements of Magnesium Alloys (From Government Specification) . Characteristics of Magnesium Sand-cast Alloys Cast and Wrought Typical Mechanical Values of Magnesium Alloys Nominal Composition and Typical Mechanical Properties of Ma

18、gnesium Alloys at Room Temperature . Fatigue Strength . Rotating Beam Endurance Limit . Fatigue Strength . Direct Tension Endurance Limit Fatigue Strength . Repeated Flexure Endurance Limit Weld Strength . Inert Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Butt Joints Weld Strength . Consumable Electrode Arc Welds . Str

19、ess . Rupture . Time . (R= 1/4) (Fully Reversed) Creep Strength . Low-Temperature Properties of Magnesium Alloys. Typical Mechanical Properties as Affected by Elevated Temperature . Tensile Strength . Typical Mechanical Properties as Affected by Elevated Temperature . (O . 270 Offset) Tensile Yield

20、Strength . . Typical Mechanical Properties as Affected by Elevated Temperature . Elongation Effect of Temperature and Notching on Fatigue Strength . Effect of Exposure to Elevated Temperatures on Elongation (Tested at Room Temperature) vi 2 31 32 33 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 42 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48

21、 50 52 53 54 55 55 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-b93A 75 U 7777770 00552d2 L d 4. .r MlL-HDBK-693A 14 April 1972 Page Tensile Properties of Separately Cast Magnesium Alloy Tensile Properties of Forged Magnesium Alloys at Te

22、nsile Properties of Extruded Magnesium Alloys at Tensile Properties of Magnesium Alloy Sheet at Rotating-Beam Fatigue Strength of Some Magnesium Alloys Test Bars at Elevated Temperatures 56 Elevated Temperatures 57 Elevated Temperatures 58 Elevated Temperatures 59 at Elevated Temperatures and as Aff

23、ected byNotching . 60 Axial-Loading Fatigue Strength of a Sand-cast Magnesium Alloy at an Elevated Temperature and as Affected by Notching . 60 Creep Strengths of Various Magnesium Casting Alloys at Elevated Temperatures - Separately Sand-cast TestBars . 61 Creep Strengths of Various Magnesium Wroug

24、ht Alloys at Elevated Temperatures . 63 Effect of Exposure to Elevated Temperatures on Compressive Yield Strength (Tested at Room Temperature) 65 Effect of Exposure to Elevated Temperatures on Tensile Yield Strength (Tested at Room Temperature) . . . . 65 Effect of Exposure to Elevated Temperatures

25、on Tensile Strength (Tested at Room Temperature). 66 Effect of Exposure at a Given Temperature on Tensile Properties of AZ92A-T6 . Separately Cast Test Bars. 66 Effect of Exposure at a Given Temperature on Tensile Properties of EK30A-T6 - Separately Cast Test Bars. . 67 Effect of Exposure at a Given

26、 Temperature on Tensile Effect of Exposure at a Given Temperature on Tensile Effect of Exposure at a Given Temperature on Tensile Effect of Exposure at a Given Temperature on Tensile Mechanical Properties of Wrought Magnesium Alloys at Properties of AZ63A-T6 . Separately Cast Test Bars. 67 Propertie

27、s of EZ33A-T5 - Separately Cast Test Bars. 68 Properties of HK31A-T6 . Separately Cast Test Bars. 68 Properties of HZ32A-T5 - Separately Cast Test Bars. . 68 Room and Elevated Temperatures after-Exposure at Elevated Temperature 69 viii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi

28、tted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-693A 95 II 9999970 0055263 3 m. Table 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56, 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66, 67. 68. Mll-HDBK-693A 14 April 1972 Page Mechanical Properties of Wrought Magnesium Alloys at Room Temperatures after Exposure at Eleva

29、ted Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Properties and Characteristics of Magnesium Casting Alloys - Alloy Composition and Specifications . . . . . . 71 Properties and Characteristics of Magnesium Casting Alloys - Outstanding Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . 72 Properties and Character

30、istics of Magnesium Casting Alloys - Mechanical Properties of Separately Cast Test Bars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Properties and Characteristics of Magnesium Casting Alloys - Physical Properties . . . . . . a . . . . . . 75 Alloy Composition and Specifications of Wrought Magnesium _All

31、oys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Minimum Tensile Properties of Wrought Magnesium Alloys - Sheet and Plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Minimum Tensile Properties of Wrought Magnesium Alloys - Bars, Rod and Special Shaped Sections . . . . . . . 78 Minimum Tensile Properties of Wrought

32、 Magnesium Alloys - Tube and Forging-s . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . 79 Mechanical Properties of Cast Magnesium Alloys . . D . . . 80 Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy Sheet. . . . . e . 81 Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy Extrusions . . . . 82 Mechanical Properties of Magnesium All

33、oy Forgings . . . 83 Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy Tube. . . . . . . 83 Stress-Rupture Values for Some Sand-cast Magnesium - Alloys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Stress-Rupture Values for Some Wrought Magnesium Effect of Heating on Properties of Wrought and Cast Magnesium Allo

34、ys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Effect of Heating on Properties of Hard-Rolled Magnesium Alloysheet a . . . . . . . . . . . . b 86 Forming Characteristics-Magnesium Alloy Sheet . . . . . . 87 Forming Characteristics-Magnesium Alloy Forgings . . . . 87 Comparative Strength and Stiffness in

35、Bending of Some Structural Metals at Room Temperature . . . . . . . 88 Minimum Bend Radii for Some Magnesium Alloys . . . . . 89 Weldability. . . a . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . e 89 AllOyS.ro. 84 x Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,

36、-Mll-HDBK=693A 14 April 1972 T ab1 e Page 69. Typical Strength Properties of Inert-Gas, Tungsten-Arc- Welded, Butt Joints in Magnesium . , . . . . . . . , e 90 70, Typical Strength Properties of Welds Made by the Consumable Electrode Arc Welding Process . , . . , . . . . . . . . 90 71. Characteristi

37、cs of Adhesives used for Bonding Magnesium . , . 91 72. Cleaning and Pickling Methods used on Magnesium. . . . . , 91 73, Chemical Tratements for Magnesium , . . . . e . . . , . . 92 74, Paint Schedules. , . , . . . . . , , . . . . . . , . . 94 75, Plating on Magnesium Wrought Alloys. . . , , . , ,

38、. . . o 94 Illustrations Figure Page 1, Dent Resistance. Comparison of Magnesium and Alumihum Alloys with Mild Steel. All O. 040 inch thickness. . . . . 10 2, Dent Resistance. Equal Weight Comparison of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys with Mild Steel . . . . . . . . , . 10 3, Depth of Dent Versus Gage

39、 Shown at Various Impact Loads for AZ31B-HZ4 Magnesium Sheet. . . D . . . , o e . . 10 4, Depth of Dent Versus Gage Shown at Various Impact Loads for ZElOA-HZ4 Magnesium Sheet. . . . . . , . . . . . 10 5, Magnesium Riveted to Magnesium . . . , , . . . . , . , 24 6. Magnesium Riveted to a Dissimilar

40、Metal. . . . , , . , , , 24 7, Use of Moisture Impervious Films . . . , , . . e . . . . . 24 8, Use of Sealing Tapes and Drain Holes. . , . . . , , . . . . 25 9, Use of 5052 Aluminum Washers . , . . , . . . , . , , 25 10, Application of Sealing Tape . . . , . , . . . . . . , . . . 25 11, Alternate M

41、ethods of Protecting Magnesium Bolted to Dissimilar Metal or Wood . . . , . . , . , . . . . . . 25 X 1. t Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- . MIL-HDBK-b73A 95 I 7797770 O55Zb5 7 MIL-HDBK-693A 14 April 1972 Magnesium and Magnesium Alloy

42、s GENERAL DISCUSSION 1. General Characteristics, Magnesium, with a specific gravity of only 1.74, is the worlds lightest structural metal, Aluminum weighs 1-1/2 times more than magnesium; iron and steel 4 times more; and copper and nickel alloy 5 times more. Among the physical properties of magnesiu

43、m, its low density is probably the most outstanding. Due in part to this low density, magnesium has a high strength- to-weight ratio. Increased rigidity is an added benefit when used on in equal weight basis. Magnesium is a versatile metal and can be shaped and worked by practically all methods know

44、n to the metal workers. It can be sand, die and permanent mold cast; extruded into a variety of shapes; and rolled into sheet, plate and strip. Magnesium can be forged and formed into useful shapes by drawing, bending, spinning, impact extrusion and other common methods. Magnesium is considered the

45、easiest of all metals to machine. Machining rates of over 10,000 ft per minute are possible in certain applications. It can be joined by gas, arc and electric resistance welding, as well as by riveting, adhesive bonding, soldering, and other methods. Magnesium alloys require protective coatings to p

46、rotect the metal and to insulate contact surfaces to prevent galvanic corrosion. When coatings are properly applied and maintained, magnesium alloys are satisfactory in all variations of natural environments, other than continuous complete or partial immersion in water. There are three main groups o

47、f protective treatments for magnesium: (1) chemical treatment; (2) electroplating; (3) painting. Magnesium resists attack by most alkalis as well as many organic chemicals. It is non-toxic . Magnesium and its alloys are non-magnetic and possess relatively high thermal and electrical conductivities a

48、nd good damping characteristics. Mechanical properties given in table I indicate the minimum standards required in the design of military equipment. 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-673A 75 7977770 005526b 7 d Mll-HDBK-693A

49、14 April 1972 TABLE I. MECHANICAL PROPERTY RANGES OF MAGNESIUM ALLOYS Property Tensile Strength Min, ksi Yield Strength Min, ksi Fatigue Strength TYP, ksi Elongation Min, % Modulus of Elasticity TYP, Psi Cast 18 to 35 10 to 22 9 to 14 2to 7 Wrought 28 to 48 14 to 38 11 to 22 2 to 12 6.5 million L z As with other common metals, subjecting magnesium alloys to elevated