ANSI ASTM E2586-2016 Standard Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics.pdf
《ANSI ASTM E2586-2016 Standard Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ANSI ASTM E2586-2016 Standard Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics.pdf(17页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E2586 16 An American National StandardStandard Practice forCalculating and Using Basic Statistics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2586; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers methods and equations for comput-ing and presenting basic descriptive statistics using a set ofsam
3、ple data containing a single variable. This practice includessimple descriptive statistics for variable data, tabular andgraphical methods for variable data, and methods for summa-rizing simple attribute data. Some interpretation and guidancefor use is also included.1.2 The system of units for this
4、practice is not specified.Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only asillustrations of calculation methods. The examples are notbinding on products or test methods treated.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
5、theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE456 Terminology Relating to Qua
6、lity and StatisticsE2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test MethodE3080 Practice for Regression Analysis2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 3534-1 StatisticsVocabulary and Symbols, part 1:Probability and General Statistical TermsISO 3534-2 StatisticsVocabulary and Symbols, part 2:Applied Statistics3. T
7、erminology3.1 DefinitionsUnless otherwise noted, terms relating toquality and statistics are as defined in Terminology E456.3.1.1 characteristic, na property of items in a sample orpopulation which, when measured, counted, or otherwiseobserved, helps to distinguish among the items. E22823.1.2 coeffc
8、ient of variation, CV, nfor a nonnegativecharacteristic, the ratio of the standard deviation to the meanfor a population or sample3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe coefficient of variation is oftenexpressed as a percentage.3.1.2.2 DiscussionThis statistic is also known as therelative standard deviation, RSD.3.1
9、.3 confidence bound, nsee confidence limit.3.1.4 confidence coeffcient, nsee confidence level.3.1.5 confidence interval, nan interval estimate L, Uwith the statistics L and U as limits for the parameter andwith confidence level 1 , where Pr(L U) 1.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe confidence level, 1 , reflects
10、 theproportion of cases that the confidence interval L, U wouldcontain or cover the true parameter value in a series of repeatedrandom samples under identical conditions. Once L and U aregiven values, the resulting confidence interval either does ordoes not contain it. In this sense “confidence” app
11、lies not to theparticular interval but only to the long run proportion of caseswhen repeating the procedure many times.3.1.6 confidence level, nthe value, 1 , of the probabilityassociated with a confidence interval, often expressed as apercentage.3.1.6.1 Discussion is generally a small number. Confi
12、-dence level is often 95 % or 99 %.3.1.7 confidence limit, neach of the limits, L and U, of aconfidence interval, or the limit of a one-sided confidenceinterval.3.1.8 degrees of freedom, nthe number of independentdata points minus the number of parameters that have to beestimated before calculating
13、the variance.3.1.9 estimate, nsample statistic used to approximate apopulation parameter.3.1.10 histogram, ngraphical representation of the fre-quency distribution of a characteristic consisting of a set ofrectangles with area proportional to the frequency. ISO 3534-13.1.10.1 DiscussionWhile not req
14、uired, equal bar or classwidths are recommended for histograms.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality andStatistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.10 on Sampling /Statistics.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Origi
15、nallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2586 14. DOI:10.1520/E2586-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docume
16、nt Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.11 interquartile ran
17、ge, IQR, nthe 75thpercentile (0.75quantile) minus the 25thpercentile (0.25 quantile), for a dataset.3.1.12 kurtosis, 2,g2,nfor a population or a sample, ameasure of the weight of the tails of a distribution relative tothe center, calculated as the ratio of the fourth central moment(empirical if a sa
18、mple, theoretical if a population applies) to thestandard deviation (sample, s, or population, ) raised to thefourth power, minus 3 (also referred to as excess kurtosis).3.1.13 mean, nof a population, , average or expectedvalue of a characteristic in a population of a sample, X, sumof the observed v
19、alues in the sample divided by the samplesize.3.1.14 median, X,nthe 50thpercentile in a population orsample.3.1.14.1 DiscussionThe sample median is the (n + 1) 2order statistic if the sample size n is odd and is the average ofthe n/2 and n/2 + 1 order statistics if n is even.3.1.15 midrange, naverag
20、e of the minimum and maxi-mum values in a sample.3.1.16 order statistic, x(k),nvalue of the kthobserved valuein a sample after sorting by order of magnitude.3.1.16.1 DiscussionFor a sample of size n, the first orderstatistic x(1)is the minimum value, x(n)is the maximum value.3.1.17 parameter, nsee p
21、opulation parameter.3.1.18 percentile, nquantile of a sample or a population,for which the fraction less than or equal to the value isexpressed as a percentage.3.1.19 population, nthe totality of items or units ofmaterial under consideration.3.1.20 population parameter, nsummary measure of thevalues
22、 of some characteristic of a population. ISO 3534-23.1.21 prediction interval, nan interval for a future valueor set of values, constructed from a current set of data, in a waythat has a specified probability for the inclusion of the futurevalue.3.1.22 quantile, nvalue such that a fraction f of the
23、sampleor population is less than or equal to that value.3.1.23 range, R, nmaximum value minus the minimumvalue in a sample.3.1.24 residual, nobserved value minus fitted value, whena model is used. E30803.1.25 sample, na group of observations or test results,taken from a larger collection of observat
24、ions or test results,which serves to provide information that may be used as a basisfor making a decision concerning the larger collection.3.1.26 sample size, n, nnumber of observed values in thesample.3.1.27 sample statistic, nsummary measure of the ob-served values of a sample.3.1.28 skewness, 1,g
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
5000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- ANSIASTME25862016STANDARDPRACTICEFORCALCULATINGANDUSINGBASICSTATISTICSPDF

链接地址:http://www.mydoc123.com/p-432643.html