AASHTO T 355-2015 Standard Method of Test for In-Place Density of Asphalt Mixtures by Nuclear Methods.pdf
《AASHTO T 355-2015 Standard Method of Test for In-Place Density of Asphalt Mixtures by Nuclear Methods.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《AASHTO T 355-2015 Standard Method of Test for In-Place Density of Asphalt Mixtures by Nuclear Methods.pdf(13页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Standard Method of Test for In-Place Density of Asphalt Mixtures by Nuclear Methods AASHTO Designation: T 355-151American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-2c T 355-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for In-Plac
2、e Density of Asphalt Mixtures by Nuclear Methods AASHTO Designation: T 355-1511. SCOPE 1.1. This test method describes the procedure for determining the in-place density of asphalt mixtures by use of nuclear gauge. The density of the material is determined by the backscatter/air-gap ratio method. 1.
3、2. DensityThe total density of asphalt mixtures is determined by the attenuation of gamma radiation where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (backscatter method). 1.2.1. The density in mass per unit volume of the material under test is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma
4、 radiation with previously established calibration data. 1.3. SI Unitsthe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents may be approximate. It is common practice in the engineering profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm)
5、 and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. 1.3.1. In the U.S. Customary units system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or reco
6、rding density (lbm/ft3) should not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.4. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
7、and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6, Hazards. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: T 166, Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens T 168, Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures T 191,
8、 Density of Soil In-Place by the Sand-Cone Method T 209, Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) and Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) T 331, Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) and Density of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method 2.2. ASTM Standards: D2216, Standard Test M
9、ethods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2c T 355-2 AASHTO D2937, Standard Test Method for Density of So
10、il in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method D7013/D7013M, Standard Guide for Calibration Facility Setup for Nuclear Surface Gauges 3. SIGNIFICANCE 3.1. This test method is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for the determination of the in-place density of asphalt mixtures. 3.2. This test metho
11、d is used for quality control and acceptance testing of compacted asphalt mixtures for construction and for research and development. 3.3. DensityThe fundamental assumptions inherent in the methods are that Compton scattering is the dominant interaction and that the material under test is homogeneou
12、s. 3.3.1. Test results may be affected by chemical composition, sample heterogeneity, and to a lesser degree, material density and the surface texture of the material being tested. 3.4. The test results can be used to establish the optimum rolling effort and evaluate the job mix formula for in-place
13、 properties. The nondestructive nature allows for repetitive measurements at a single test location and statistical analysis of the results. Note 1For in-place density results, correlation with cores is recommended (see Appendix X1). 4. INTERFERENCES 4.1. In-Place Density Interferences: 4.1.1. The c
14、hemical composition of the sample may affect the measurement, and adjustments may be necessary. 4.1.2. The gauge is more sensitive to the density of the material in close proximity to the surface. Note 2The nuclear gauge density measurements are somewhat biased to the surface layers of the material
15、being tested. This method is more sensitive to the material within the first several inches from the surface. 4.1.3. Other radioactive sources must not be within 10 m (30 ft) of the gauge in operation. 4.1.4. Large objects must be at least 3 m (10 ft) away. 4.1.5. Use the gauge manufacturers correct
16、ion procedure when the gauge will be closer than 600 mm (24 in.) to any vertical mass, or less than 300 mm (12 in.) from a vertical pavement edge. 5. APPARATUS 5.1. Nuclear Density Gauge (Either Density/Moisture or Density Gauge)While exact details of construction of the gauge may vary, the system s
17、hall consist of: 5.1.1. Instruction ManualFor the specific make and model of gauge. 5.1.2. Radiation SourceA sealed source of high-energy gamma radiation such as cesium or radium. 5.1.3. Gamma DetectorAny type of gamma detector such as a Geiger-Mueller tube(s). 2015 by the American Association of St
18、ate Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2c T 355-3 AASHTO 5.2. Reference StandardA block of material used for checking gauge operations, for correcting source decay, and to establish conditions for a reproducible reference count r
19、ate. 5.3. Site Preparation DeviceA plate, straightedge, or other suitable leveling tool. 5.4. Transport CaseFor properly shipping and housing the gauge and tools. 5.5. Filler MaterialFine-graded sand from the source used to produce the asphalt pavement or other acceptable materials. 5.6. Radioactive
20、 materials information and calibration packet containing: 5.6.1. Daily standard count log; 5.6.2. Factory and laboratory calibration data sheet; 5.6.3. Leak test certificate; 5.6.4. Shippers declaration for dangerous goods; 5.6.5. Procedure memo for storing, transporting, and handling nuclear testin
21、g equipment; and 5.6.6. Other radioactive materials documentation as required by local regulatory requirements. 6. HAZARDS 6.1. The gauge utilizes radioactive materials that may be hazardous to the health of the users unless proper precautions are taken. Users of the gauge must become familiar with
22、applicable safety procedures and government regulations. 6.2. Effective user instructions together with routine safety procedures, such as source leak tests, recording and evaluation of film badge data, etc., are a recommended part of the operation and storage of this gauge. 7. CALIBRATION 7.1. Cali
23、bration of the gauge will be in accordance with Annexes A1 and A2 (if applicable). (See also ASTM D7013/D7013M.) 8. STANDARDIZATION 8.1. All nuclear density gauges are subject to long-term aging of the radioactive sources, detectors, and electronic systems, which may change the relationship between
24、count rates and the material density. To offset this aging, gauges are calibrated as a ratio of the measurement count rate to a count rate made on a reference standard or to an air-gap count (for the backscatter/air-gap ratio method). The reference count rate should be in the same or higher order of
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
5000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- AASHTOT3552015STANDARDMETHODOFTESTFORINPLACEDENSITYOFASPHALTMIXTURESBYNUCLEARMETHODSPDF
链接地址:http://www.mydoc123.com/p-418297.html