英语翻译高级口译-笔记题(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、英语翻译高级口译-笔记题(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BNote-taking and(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BA/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)How is urbanization U U 1 /U /Uaffecting our society? Before answering the question, one must understand that urbanization cannot be U U 2 /U /U, but only U U 3 /U /Uin a manner that will help the United

2、 States to U U 4 /U /Ubetter. Urbanism causes a decrease in U U 5 /U /Uliving space, and promotes urban violence, political U U 6 /U /U, crime and U U 7 /U /Ubehavior. Rapid population growth in urban areas also perpetuates U U 8 /U /U.Another major issue created by this social problem is the breaki

3、ng of the traditional family structure. U U 9 /U /U, safety, transportation, housing, education and even electricity are failing. With divorce rates U U 10 /U /U, delinquency is also becoming more of a problem than before. As long as the divorce rate continues to increase, U U 11 /U /Uwill increase

4、in these areas.The U U 12 /U /Uof people give rise to U U 13 /U /Uof people by race, U U 14 /U /Upractices, U U 15 /U /Uheritage, as well as economic and social status. Lacking in sufficient financial U U 16 /U /Umakes urban areas unable to U U 17 /U /Uall the problems.Due to the U U 18 /U /Uin urba

5、n areas and the lack of employment opportunity, the crime rate is also a huge problem. Also the lack of the traditional family structure and weakened U U 19 /U /Uof kinship weaken the U U 20 /U /Uof the children growing up in urban areas. The problems in urban areas are far more than can be handled

6、in any short-term efforts. （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BB/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Psychologists have been studying U U 1 /U /UInternet use since the late 1990s. Brenners subjects repo

7、rted an U U 2 /U /Uof 19 hours per week of Internet use. Many reported up to 10 U U 3 /U /Uof interference in U U 4 /U /Ufunctioning, U U 5 /U /Ufailure to manage time, missing sleep, or missing meals. A surprising result is that 80% of the U U 6 /U /Ureported at least five of these signs. These num

8、bers suggest that the U U 7 /U /Uof some level of these problems should not be considered U U 8 /U /U.Kathleen Scherer studied 531 students at the University of Texas at Austin and 381 of them were studied further. “U U 9 /U /U“ users averaged only 11 hours per week online. Janet Morahan-Martin and

9、Phyllis Schumaker surveyed U U 10 /U /Ucollege students and U U 11 /U /Upathological use by U U 12 /U /Ua 13-item U U 13 /U /Uwhich U U 14 /U /Uevidence that the Internet was causing personal problems, U U 15 /U /Usymptoms and mood U U 16 /U /Uuse. According to their research, pathological users ave

10、raged U U 17 /U /Uhours of Internet use per week.Pathological users reported significantly more U U 18 /U /U, used online games more than other users, and they also used more technologically U U 19 /U /Uaspects of the Net more than other students. When is Internet use pathological? The simple answer

11、: when it gets in the way of the rest of your life. Addictions involve U U 20 /U /Uuse despite harm. （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_英语翻译高级口译-笔记题(二)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BNote-

12、taking and(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BA/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)How is urbanization U U 1 /U /Uaffecting our society? Before answering the question, one must understand that urbanization cannot be U U 2 /U /U, but only U U 3 /U /Uin a manner that will help the United States to U U 4 /U /Ubetter. Urbanism causes a de

13、crease in U U 5 /U /Uliving space, and promotes urban violence, political U U 6 /U /U, crime and U U 7 /U /Ubehavior. Rapid population growth in urban areas also perpetuates U U 8 /U /U.Another major issue created by this social problem is the breaking of the traditional family structure. U U 9 /U /

14、U, safety, transportation, housing, education and even electricity are failing. With divorce rates U U 10 /U /U, delinquency is also becoming more of a problem than before. As long as the divorce rate continues to increase, U U 11 /U /Uwill increase in these areas.The U U 12 /U /Uof people give rise

15、 to U U 13 /U /Uof people by race, U U 14 /U /Upractices, U U 15 /U /Uheritage, as well as economic and social status. Lacking in sufficient financial U U 16 /U /Umakes urban areas unable to U U 17 /U /Uall the problems.Due to the U U 18 /U /Uin urban areas and the lack of employment opportunity, th

16、e crime rate is also a huge problem. Also the lack of the traditional family structure and weakened U U 19 /U /Uof kinship weaken the U U 20 /U /Uof the children growing up in urban areas. The problems in urban areas are far more than can be handled in any short-term efforts. （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案

17、：negatively）解析：听力原文 How is urbanization negatively affecting our society? The answer to this question is not a simple one. I will not only break down the problems of urbanization in the United States, but also tell you some of the attempts made to fix the problem and give some opinions as to how it

18、could possibly be solved in the future. One must understand that urbanization cannot be stopped, but only contained in a manner that will help the United States to function better as a country. The more densely populated and more heterogeneous a community is, the more accentuated characteristics can

19、 be associated with urbanism. Urbanism causes a decrease in per capita living space,-and promotes urban violence, political instability, crime and aggressive behavior. Rapid population growth in urban areas also perpetuates poverty. Another major issue being created by this social problem is the bre

20、aking of the traditional family structure. Our cities are not working well! Sanitation, safety, transportation, housing, education and even electricity are failing. These are all responsibilities of the government, or it is at least their job to regulate these services deemed to be monopolies. And i

21、t is a known fact that monopolies deem toward inefficiency. Functionalists look at our cities as a means to profit. Cities are a place where everybody visits, and therefore vendors can raise their prices and profit more on their products. For example, from my own personal experience, I bought a pack

22、 of cigarettes for $3.00 at my local gas station, and when I visited inner city Orlando, I bought the same brand of cigarettes for $4.00. This is just a minor example, and most of the residents in an urban area are in poverty and have trouble affording the $3.00 pack if they smoke, much less adding

23、a dollar to the already ridiculous cost. In the United States, the breaking of the traditional family structure is an issue that has become increasingly noticeable in recent years, particularly in urbanized areas. The traditional morn-and-dad-and-children are rarely seen in the inner cities any more

24、. With divorce rates rising, delinquency is also becoming more of a problem than before. With single parent families, children lack in the authority department due to the lack of the amount of time their parents have free to raise them. Specialized institutions often help, but cannot replace the rol

25、e of a child guardian. As long as the divorce rate continues to increase, delinquency will continue to increase in these areas as well. The density of people reinforces effect of numbers in diversifying people and their activities and increasing the complexity of the social structure. The variations

26、 of people give rise to segregation of people by race, religious practices, ethnic heritage, as well as economic and social status. Segregation often creates much tension and prejudice between social groups. This can cause physical or mental damage to individuals or society. People will choose their

27、 destination or place of residence according to many different ideals and needs, for example what fits their budget. Population change carries with it a high likelihood of social disruption. Government assumes major responsibility for development attempting to meet rapidly increasing demands for edu

28、cation, housing, agriculture and industrial development, transportation and employment. The government budget is not distributed equally mainly due to differentiation in areas. Areas with higher income will obviously have a higher budget to work with. Urban areas are usually lacking in sufficient fi

29、nancial resources. Therefore they are not able to fix all the problems in these areas, such as sanitation, education and many other categories. America has hired approximately fifty percent more teachers in the last few years than have been hired in the past, but the increase in population keeps the

30、 classrooms just as large. The effort does not meet the need; thus the problem remains as strong as ever. Due to the overpopulation in urban areas and the lack of employment opportunity, the crime rate is also a huge problem which they are faced with. Also the lack of the traditional family structur

31、e and weakened bonds of kinship weaken the moral of the children growing up in the urban areas. These children grow up in poverty and usually look at crime as a quick and easy way out. The problems in urban areas are far more than can be handled in any short-term efforts. We can only hope to contain

32、 them, and attempt to make sure that no more problems arise from the already existing ones.填空项 1:_ （正确答案：stopped）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：contained）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：function）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：per capita）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：instability）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：aggressive）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：poverty）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Sanitat

33、ion）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：rising）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：delinquency）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：variations）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：segregation）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：religious）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：ethnic）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：resources）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：repair）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：overpopulation）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：bonds）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：moral）解析：三、B

34、B/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Psychologists have been studying U U 1 /U /UInternet use since the late 1990s. Brenners subjects reported an U U 2 /U /Uof 19 hours per week of Internet use. Many reported up to 10 U U 3 /U /Uof interference in U U 4 /U /Ufunctioning, U U 5 /U /Ufailure to manage time, missing sle

35、ep, or missing meals. A surprising result is that 80% of the U U 6 /U /Ureported at least five of these signs. These numbers suggest that the U U 7 /U /Uof some level of these problems should not be considered U U 8 /U /U.Kathleen Scherer studied 531 students at the University of Texas at Austin and

36、 381 of them were studied further. “U U 9 /U /U“ users averaged only 11 hours per week online. Janet Morahan-Martin and Phyllis Schumaker surveyed U U 10 /U /Ucollege students and U U 11 /U /Upathological use by U U 12 /U /Ua 13-item U U 13 /U /Uwhich U U 14 /U /Uevidence that the Internet was causi

37、ng personal problems, U U 15 /U /Usymptoms and mood U U 16 /U /Uuse. According to their research, pathological users averaged U U 17 /U /Uhours of Internet use per week.Pathological users reported significantly more U U 18 /U /U, used online games more than other users, and they also used more techn

38、ologically U U 19 /U /Uaspects of the Net more than other students. When is Internet use pathological? The simple answer: when it gets in the way of the rest of your life. Addictions involve U U 20 /U /Uuse despite harm. （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：abnormal）解析：听力原文 Psychologists have been studying abnor

39、mal Internet use since the late 1990s. In another article I discussed a presentation on pathological Internet use by Mark Griffiths at the American Psychological Associations 2007 annual convention. Griffiths used a model of addiction to analyze the behavior of several different people who had probl

40、ems with their Internet use. What is normal Internet use? Several different answers were presented as a part of a symposium at APA. Victor Brenner studied Internet use through a World Wide Web survey. His preliminary results were published in Psychological Reports in 2007. He presented further resul

41、ts at APA that were consistent with the earlier results. Brenners subjects reported an average of 19 hours per week of Internet use. Many reported up to 10 signs of interference in role functioning, primarily failure to manage time, missing sleep, or missing meals. A surprising result is that 80% of

42、 the samples reported at least five of these signs. These numbers suggest that the presence of some level of these problems is normal, and therefore should not be considered pathological. The Internet seems to be a compelling medium, and some disruption in our lives is normal if we spend much time online. Other studies have come up w