英语翻译高级口译-笔记题(三)及答案解析.doc

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1、英语翻译高级口译-笔记题(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BNote-taking and(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BA/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)If you ask me: What got you interested in science? I would say. When I dont U U 1 /U /Uhow things work, Im U U 2 /U /U. Then what got me into U U 3 /U /Ubiology, U U 4 /U /U? Id like to understand how bi

2、ology works, how living U U 5 /U /Uwork.How would you U U 6 /U /Usynthetic biology? What does it U U 7 /U /U? My interest is to U U 8 /U /Uand reliably, quickly, easily, cheaply put U U 9 /U /Uthe bits and U U 10 /U /Uof biology to make new and useful things. The U U 11 /U /Uof synthetic biology is

3、to make routine the U U 12 /U /U, the programming of living U U 13 /U /U. And the last seventy years of biology has been a success at taking things U U 14 /U /Uand reading out the U U 15 /U /U, but weve never put things U U 16 /U /Utogether. Seventy years ago, the U U 17 /U /Ucame into biology and r

4、eally shook things up. Whats happening now is that the engineers are coming into biology and going to U U 18 /U /Uthings up in a U U 19 /U /U, different way. The last thing to say is that weve developed some technologies that make it easy. DNA synthesis is getting better, which means that the cost a

5、nd time to U U 20 /U /Uone of your designs isnt six years, but six weeks, perhaps. （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BB/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Everyone experiences U U 1 /U /Uon some level

6、 every day. Stress, broadly defined, is our U U 2 /U /Uto events we perceive as U U 3 /U /Uor challenging.Of course, not everyone perceives the same events or circumstances as U U 4 /U /U; we dont always react the same way to the same stressors. In fact, something that is extremely stressful for one

7、 person may be exciting and U U 5 /U /Ufor another. In general, stressful events can be classified into three main U U 6 /U /U: cataclysmic events, personal stressors, and background stressors. Cataclysmic events are U U 7 /U /Uevents that cause stress suddenly and immediately. Their examples are ea

8、rthquakes, fires, or other U U 8 /U /U. Personal stressors are major life events that create stress. They can include the death of a loved one, a job loss, a divorce, a financial U U 9 /U /U, or a U U 10 /U /Umove. Finally, background stressors, which we can also think of as day-to-day U U 11 /U /U,

9、 or minor U U 12 /U /U. Examples of background stressors are waiting in a long line, getting U U 13 /U /Uin a traffic jam, being U U 14 /U /Uto noise, experiencing a delay, or dealing with broken equipment.Repeated exposure to stressors has both U U 15 /U /Uand biological U U 16 /U /U. When we are e

10、xposed to stressors, our adrenal glands secrete certain U U 17 /U /U, and our heart rate and blood pressure rise. And when the body is preparing for emergencies, body U U 18 /U /Usuch as the heart and blood U U 19 /U /Ucan begin to U U 20 /U /U. （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空

11、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_英语翻译高级口译-笔记题(三)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BNote-taking and(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BA/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)If you ask me: What got you interested in science? I would say. When I dont U U 1 /U /Uhow things work, Im U

12、 U 2 /U /U. Then what got me into U U 3 /U /Ubiology, U U 4 /U /U? Id like to understand how biology works, how living U U 5 /U /Uwork.How would you U U 6 /U /Usynthetic biology? What does it U U 7 /U /U? My interest is to U U 8 /U /Uand reliably, quickly, easily, cheaply put U U 9 /U /Uthe bits and

13、 U U 10 /U /Uof biology to make new and useful things. The U U 11 /U /Uof synthetic biology is to make routine the U U 12 /U /U, the programming of living U U 13 /U /U. And the last seventy years of biology has been a success at taking things U U 14 /U /Uand reading out the U U 15 /U /U, but weve ne

14、ver put things U U 16 /U /Utogether. Seventy years ago, the U U 17 /U /Ucame into biology and really shook things up. Whats happening now is that the engineers are coming into biology and going to U U 18 /U /Uthings up in a U U 19 /U /U, different way. The last thing to say is that weve developed so

15、me technologies that make it easy. DNA synthesis is getting better, which means that the cost and time to U U 20 /U /Uone of your designs isnt six years, but six weeks, perhaps. （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：understand）解析：听力原文 If you ask me: What got you interested in science, in general? I have to say- W

16、hen I dont understand how things work, Im curious. It bothers me when I dont understand how things work. Id like to understand how things work. I want to understand how things work. I can repeat that for a long time. Then what got me into synthetic biology, specifically? Id like to understand how bi

17、ology works, how living organisms work. So I started thinking about why its been so hard to understand biology. And the conclusion Ive come to is that the biological systems that we find in nature are not themselves designed by nature, by evolution, to be easy to understand. And so if I wanted to ha

18、ve biology that I understand, Id be better off building it myself. In the same way that you might try to understand a car, or a bicycle by taking it apart and having the pieces all over your lawn. But youre going to have a much better understanding of a car or a bicycle if you take the bits and piec

19、es and put them together to build one from scratch. And thats why I got interested in synthetic biology. So that takes us in the next direction. How would you define synthetic biology? What is it, and what does it actually synthesize? Therere a couple different ways to look at it. I mean, for me, Im

20、 trained as an engineer, so my interest is to be able to routinely and reliably, quickly, easily, cheaply put together the bits and pieces of biology to make new and useful things. The goal of synthetic biology is to make routine the engineering, the programming of living organisms. So you think abo

21、ut how youd use a computer today, how you program a computer today. Even though it might sound like a challenging thing to do, in relative and absolute terms its quite easy to program a computer. So how do we get to some future where the programming of living systems by changing their DNA and other

22、things is as simple and straightforward and understandable and reliable as the computers are today? So thats my take on synthetic biology. Its a combination of “What are the things wed actually like to get biology to do on our behalf?“ and “What are the tools, technology platforms, the basic infrast

23、ructure that would help us get to that endpoint more reliably, and let more people get there?“ Theres another perspective on the field, which is not an engineering perspective. The scientific perspective on the field is, “I dont understand something unless I can put it together.“ And the last 70 yea

24、rs of biology has been a tremendous success at taking things apart and reading out the genome, but weve never put things back together. Again, we can go back to the idea that you take your fathers car, you rip it apart, its all over the lawn, you sort of understand whats going on, but until you can

25、put it back together, youre not going to convince anybody that you really understand what youre doing. If you ask- What do you think makes synthetic biology such a hot field right now, makes it so popular? Its fun. You get to build stuff. Right, building is a great way to learn. You might fail, you

26、might not succeed, but youre going to be succeeding for physical reasons which you can go follow up on. The other thing to say is 70 years ago, it was the physicists who came into biology and really shook things up. I suspect that whats happening now is that the engineers are coming into biology, an

27、d theyre going to shake things up in a complementary, different way, but as significant. And if you ask an engineer what they want to do in their heart, they would tell you they want to make something. The other, last thing to say is that weve developed some technologies that make it easy. Not easy,

28、 I mean easier. DNA synthesis is getting-better, and better, and better, which means that the cost and time to compile one of your designs isnt six years. It might be six weeks. Which is still slow, but its not infinitely slow.填空项 1:_ （正确答案：curious）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：synthetic）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：specifi

29、cally）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：organisms）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：define）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：synthesize）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：routinely）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：together）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：pieces）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：goal）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：engineering）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：organisms）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：apart）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：genome）解析：填空项 1:_ （正

30、确答案：back）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：physicists）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：shake）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：complementary）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：compile）解析：三、BB/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Everyone experiences U U 1 /U /Uon some level every day. Stress, broadly defined, is our U U 2 /U /Uto events we perceive as U U 3 /U /Uor challenging.Of cours

31、e, not everyone perceives the same events or circumstances as U U 4 /U /U; we dont always react the same way to the same stressors. In fact, something that is extremely stressful for one person may be exciting and U U 5 /U /Ufor another. In general, stressful events can be classified into three main

32、 U U 6 /U /U: cataclysmic events, personal stressors, and background stressors. Cataclysmic events are U U 7 /U /Uevents that cause stress suddenly and immediately. Their examples are earthquakes, fires, or other U U 8 /U /U. Personal stressors are major life events that create stress. They can incl

33、ude the death of a loved one, a job loss, a divorce, a financial U U 9 /U /U, or a U U 10 /U /Umove. Finally, background stressors, which we can also think of as day-to-day U U 11 /U /U, or minor U U 12 /U /U. Examples of background stressors are waiting in a long line, getting U U 13 /U /Uin a traf

34、fic jam, being U U 14 /U /Uto noise, experiencing a delay, or dealing with broken equipment.Repeated exposure to stressors has both U U 15 /U /Uand biological U U 16 /U /U. When we are exposed to stressors, our adrenal glands secrete certain U U 17 /U /U, and our heart rate and blood pressure rise.

35、And when the body is preparing for emergencies, body U U 18 /U /Usuch as the heart and blood U U 19 /U /Ucan begin to U U 20 /U /U. （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：stress）解析：听力原文 Everyone experiences stress on some level every day. Stress, broadly defined, is our response to events that we perceive as threa

36、tening or challenging. We may experience different levels of stress depending on the stressors, that is, the events or circumstances that cause us to feel stress. Of course, not everyone perceives the same events or circumstances as stressful; we dont always react the same way to the same stressors.

37、 In fact, something that is extremely stressful for one person may be exciting and non-stressful for another. In general, though, stressful events can be classified into three main categories: cataclysmic events, personal stressors, and background stressors. Cataclysmic events are major events that

38、cause stress suddenly, immediately, for a great many people at once. Examples of these are earthquakes, fires, or other disasters. Personal stressors are major life events that create stress. They can include the death of a loved one, a job loss, a divorce, a financial setback, or a geographical mov

39、e. They are not always events that we would perceive as negative; many “joyful“ life events can also cause a great deal of stress. For example, getting engaged or married, acquiring a new family member, through birth or adoption, starting a new job, and even taking a vacation can all be as stressful

40、 as “negative“ life events. Finally, background stressors, which we can also think of as day-to-day hassles, or minor irritations, can cause stress, particularly when they add up, when we are repeatedly exposed to them. Examples of background stressors are waiting in a long line, getting stuck in a

41、traffic jam, being exposed to noise, experiencing a delay of some sort, or dealing with broken equipment. Examples of chronic background stressors, and the kind that can lead to long-term health problems, include being unhappy with ones job, living environment, marriage, or relationship. Stress is not something that only exists in our mind. Repeated exposure to stressors has both psychological and biological consequences. When we are exposed to stressors, our adrenal glands secrete certain hormones, and our heart rate and blood pressure rise. We experience a “fight or flight“ respon