大学四级-1936及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1936 及答案解析(总分：719.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.人们每天都生活在压力之下2所以说保持一个好的心情是十分重要的3我的观点和原因（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)New Energy Sources to the RescueAs petrol prices rise, policy makers and venture capitalists are suddenly embracing alternatives. Will the trend

2、 last? Reasons for the changeIn his long career in country music, Willie Nelson has always been on the left side of all things. Now, at 73, he is in the vanguard. Mr. Nelson, who lives on a big farm outside Austin, powers his car with the help of vegetable oil. He has even created his own line of th

3、is cleaner-burning diesel blend (混合柴油). He called it “BioWillie“, which is distributed at several sites in Texas and is going national, too. Mr. Nelson argues that it will help Americas farmers, truckers and the environment while, at the same time, reducing dependence on foreign petroleum.With high

4、petrol prices causing troubles in Washington, D.C., everyone is trying to find out alternatives. Soya beans, canola (rapeseed), switch grass, anything, is being investigated Even George Bush, a former oilman who supports loyally the industrial development, called last week for more research into eth

5、anol (酒精) and bio-diesel-two key types of bio-fuels (生物燃料) and boldly predicted that “ethanol will replace gasoline consumption“. Jim Woolsey, a former head of the CIA notes that developing bio-fuels is in the national interest, since it is high time America stopped its reliance on petroleum from fo

6、reign countries and so stopped funding some fanatical religious organizations.Future: convenience and painsThe federal government is beginning to formulate policy to promote the use of bio-fuels. In Montana, Hawaii and Minnesota all petrol must contain 10% ethanol, while Washington State requires pe

7、trol and diesel to contain 2% renewable fuel by volume. For both ethanol and bio-diesel, Congress has required a near-doubling of production by 2012. Both blends, notes Mr. Woolsey approvingly, need little new infrastructure to support them (unlike, say, hydrogen fuel-cell cars). Ethanol can be disp

8、ensed at regular petrol stations and works, within limits, in todays cars. Bio-diesel fuelling stations, such as those for BioWillie, are popping up around America.Unfortunately for Mr. Bushs political fortunes, a bio-fuels revolution will not happen in time to ease Americas current pain at the pump

9、. Right now, ethanol-a clean-burning, high-octane alcohol typically derived from com in America, or sugar in Brazil-accounts for just 3% of Americas petrol use, though American cars can handle a 10% ethanol blend. Bio-diesel is used even less.Moreover, ethanol is typically blended with regular fuel,

10、 and a widespread shift to an ethanol blend (a result of another provision of last years energy bill) has contributed to some petrol shortages in Texas and elsewhere, as the supply chain creaks into life. Skeptics argue that growing crops for ethanol will bum more petrol than it will save.But others

11、 are persuaded, despite the pains at the beginning stage. “If I had to bet $100, Id bet on bio-fuels,“ says Hunter Lovins, co-author of“ Natural Capitalism“, adding that she would favor them even over other renewable energy sources. Rich investors also believe as growth. Richard Branson, a British e

12、ntrepreneur who heads the Virgin conglomerate, recently announced plans to invest up to $400 in ethanol production.Growing production?Can production be scaled up? A recent bioengineering breakthrough means that it should soon be possible to convert plant products far more efficiently to ethanol. Thi

13、s lends promise to cellulosic ethanol a product that can be made from agricultural “waste“, such as corn cobs or weeds, which is widely available. (Once corn kernels and sugar-cane sap have been taken away for sugar, they leave plenty of stalks and leaves behind.) The most promising source of cellul

14、osic ethanol, say experts, is switch grass, a native American grass that grows naturally in the prairie heartland and thrives in the poor Mississippi Delta.Bio-diesel, as yet, is a smaller enterprise. Its plants require less capital than those for ethanol. It is growing fastsales volume tripled, to

15、75m gallons, between 2004 and 2005-but that is still a drop in the tanker of the 60 billion gallons of diesel that Americans consume each year. Much of the stuff is made from soya beans, and Jeff Plowman of Austin Bio-fuels, a tiny start-up, notes that soya bean futures are tracking the price of hea

16、ting oil for the first time. In Texas, Mr. Plowman also sees potential for cottonseed oil, a byproduct of cotton production. Elsewhere, there is even talk of producing bio-diesel from pig manure.Troubles are still occurring, having pushed back the enthusiasm. In Minnesota, a requirement to have 2% o

17、f diesel made from soya was suspended last year when truckers began to complain of clogged filters, though it was fairly quickly reinstated.Bio-fuels and American farmsCould bio-fuels, in addition to easing the strain on the environment and on wallets, help to save American farms? Some policymakers

18、certainly hold out this dream, particularly in the Midwest, where ethanol and bio-diesel production is concentrated. Montanas Democratic governor, Brian Schweitzer, who uses bio-diesel (made for example from canola) in his own Volkswagen Jetta, imagined with optimism about a technology that he hopes

19、 “will jump-start rural America“. He points out that America exports masses of wheat, soya beans and corn, and talks of“converting those export acres to bio-fuels“. When the 2007 farm bill is debated, he hopes for “a vision that helps American farmers once again produce their own horsepower on their

20、 own farms“. This “vision“ would include federal crop insurance for farmers who grow canola, safflower and camellia, bringing them up to the level of wheat and soya beans.The notion of American farmers defying the tide of capitalism to grow their own fuel is a glorious delusion. It seems great, yet

21、its not practical. However, Mr. Schweitzer is fight that Congress has some big decisions to make about bio-fuels. To what extent, if any, should government subsidize this newlyemerged industry? Already it has received plenty of help. Ethanol producers get a tax credit worth 51 cents a gallon, much t

22、o the delight of the industry. There is also a 54 cents-a-gallon tariff on imports of ethanol from Brazil. Starting with the removal of that tariff, Congress needs to rethink its misleading energy policies. Nathanael Greene, of the Natural Resources Defense Council, argues that the federal governmen

23、ts most important immediate step should be to enact a loan guarantee to create Americas first cellulosic ethanol plant, which would probably be built in Idaho.If bio-fuels do take off, environmentalists and policymakers will still be unable to relax. Mr. Greene emphasizes, rightly, that bio-fuels al

24、one might not solve all the problems. His organization argues that although American production could rise to 100 billion gallons of bio-fuels by 2050, such changes also need to be combined with improved fuel efficiency and better city planning. More flex-fuel vehicles, which can take up to 85% etha

25、nol blended with petrol, would be particularly sensible.（分数：70.00）(1).The passage is primarily concerned with the emergence of a new energy source, governments and the publics attitude toward its use, and its influence on American farming.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).In writing this passage, the author has f

26、irst explained a general situation, and then presented his/her own opinion with supportive examples.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The U.S. government and some of the American people believe that reducing Americas dependence on foreign petroleum is one of the reasons to start research into the possibility of u

27、sing ethanol.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).The unstable international status has caused panic among American public who are worrying about the resulting petroleum shortage.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Despite the governments promotion, the development of bio-fuels is not a smooth process without any trouble（分数：7.00）填空

28、项 1:_(6).An entrepreneur from Britain has recently planned to invest heavily in ethanol production because he believed its promising future.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Recent breakthrough in bioengineering technology has enabled the increased scale of producing both ethanol and bio-diesel.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8

29、).Some policymakers believe that bio-fuel could help to save American farm, besides relieving pressure on_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The idea of American farmers growing their own fuel is regarded as a_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).It is argued by an organization that to solve energy problems,_should also be take

30、n into account in addition to increased production of bio-fuels.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：112.00)（分数：56.00）(1).A) To tell the woman something about the car. B) To look for his wife.C) To show the woman his wifes car. D) To ask his wife to answer the phon

31、e.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) Childrens health. B) Social manners.C) Money. D) Old peoples health.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) New York. B) Boston. C) Michigan. D) Washington.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A) He enjoys playing chess. B) He hates playing chess.C) He cant play chess. D) He was not a good student.（分数：7.0

32、0）A.B.C.D.(5).A) He cant find the tickets. B) He doesnt want to sit close to the stage.C) He would rather stand than sit down. D) He expects the hall to be crowded.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A) To visit the Modern Museum. B) To make a good plan.C) To visit museums. D) To visit a music school.（分数：7.00）A.B.

33、C.D.(7).A) Husband and wife. B) Doctor and patient.C) Teacher and student. D) Lawyer and client.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A) At 5:00. B) At 5:30.C) At 4:30. D) At 4:00.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：28.00）(1).A) She is Professor Jamisons nephew. B) She is working for Professor Jamison.C) She used to do the job her

34、self. D) She just finished interview for the job.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) It can be even higher. B) Its very good.C) Its the same as that of post office. D) It varies with the persons experience.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) He wonders if he has enough time for the job.B) He is afraid he is not experienced

35、 enough.C) He is afraid that the job may be boring.D) He thinks Professor Jamison has chosen one.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A) Correcting examination papers. B) Researching in the library.C) Teaching an economics course. D) Grading homework sets.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：28.00）(1).Why does the man need an outs

36、ide interest? A) To free his mind off work. B) To enrich himself. C) To make new friends. D) To kill the time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How does the woman think of collecting umbrellas as a hobby? A) Expensive. B) Unusual. C) Interesting. D) Relaxing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the woman say about sta

37、mp collection? A) She started collecting stamps from her childhood. B) A good stamp collection can be built in a short time. C) A rare set of stamps is worth a lot of money. D) It is nearly impossible to collect a rare set of stamps.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What will the man most probably take as a hobb

38、y? A) Electronics. B) Collecting umbrellas. C) Collecting stamps. D) Playing golf or tennis.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)（分数：21.00）(1).A) To look for a different lifestyle. B) To enjoy themselves.C) For adventure. D) For education.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) There are 200 vehicles for eve

39、ry kilometer of roadway.B) It has a dense population.C) There are many museums and palaces.D) It has many towering buildings.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) It helps develop our personalities. B) It enables us to acquire first-hand knowledge.C) It makes our life more interesting. D) It brings about changes

40、in our lifestyle.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1).A) An automobile collision. C) The noise of a crowd.B) An air crash. D) An explosion.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) To prevent the lookers-on from getting near.B) To protect the injured men.C) To let the fire engines and ambulances pass.D) To check the leakin

41、g gas pipe.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) Most victims were rescued successfully.B) Someone in the firm was to blame for the explosion.C) The firemen were very brave.D) The press reporter arrived too late to interview anyone.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：28.00）(1).A) In New York. B) In a bank.C) Near a prison. D) I

42、n the countryside.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) A policeman. B) Mr. Blakes old friend.C) A prison official. D) A runaway criminal.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) At least 14 miles an hour. B) At least 40 miles an hour.C) At most 40 miles an hour. D) At most 14 miles an hour.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A) Because a polic

43、e-car followed his.B) Because he wanted the man in his car arrested.C) Because it grew darker and darker.D) Because he wanted to return home earlier.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The nineteen twenties brought a feeling of freedom and independence to millions of Americans, especially yo

44、ung Americans. Young soldiers returned from the world war with new ideas. They had seen a (38) world in Europe. Many of these young soldiers were not (39) to quietly accept the old traditions of their families and villages when they returned home. (40) , they wanted to try new ways of living. Many y

45、oung Americans, both men and women, began to (41) some of the traditions of their parents and grandparents. For example, some young women began to (42) with new kinds of clothes. Many young women began to smoke (43) , too. Many women also began to drink alcohol with men in public for the first time.

46、 And they listened together to a (44) new kind of music: jazz. An important force behind these changes was the growing independence of American women. In nineteen twenty, the nation passed the Nineteenth Amendment to the (45) , which gave women the right to vote. (46) .Also, new machines freed many

47、of them from spending long hours of work in the home washing clothes, preparing food, and doing other jobs. Education was another important force. The number of students attending high school doubled between nineteen twenty and nineteen thirty. (47) Attendance at colleges and universities also incre

48、ased greatly. (48) （分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Home Few words in the English language have such a special meaning. Home is a place where you can relax, kick back and just be yourself. Just about everyone has a strong opinion of what makes a house a home. And for most people