【考研类试卷】西医综合-内科学-9及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-内科学-9 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In our society, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person (1) by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, stand in football match (2) , we are likely to h

2、ave conversations (3) we give information or opinions, and sometimes have our views (4) by other members of society.Face-to-face contact is (5) the only form of communication, and during the last two hundred years the (6) of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary

3、 society. Two things, (7) others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has (8) advances in printing, photography and so on. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the (9) and reception of communications so that local news often (10) a back seat to nationa

4、l news.No longer is the possession of information (11) to a privileged minority. Forty years ago people used to (12) to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that (13) into millions of houses. Communication is no longer merely concerned (14) the transm

5、ission of information. The modern communications industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing (15) to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all (16) with informing, educating and entertaining.

6、 (17) a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society (18) which he is a part, the vast modern network of communications is (19) to abuse. However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning (20) .（分数：10

7、.00）(1).A basis B base C level D ground（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A lines B queues C rows D files（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A whereas B which C that D where（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A expressed B challenged C agreed D voiced（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A by some means B by any means C by no means D by all means（分数：0.50）A.B.

8、C.D.(6).A art B device C way D method（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A below B above C over D beyond（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A resulted from B translated into C led to D converted into（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A circulation B diffusion C transmission D transportation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A offers B chooses C takes D le

9、aves（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A prohibited B provided C allowed D confined（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A stroll B pour C flock D rush（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A is being channeled B is broadcastingC is being discharged D is transmitting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A about B with C to D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A access B

10、 availability C entrance D entry（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A engaged B involved C occupied D dealt（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A Although B Since C If D Even if（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A with B for C by D of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A possible B likely C close D open（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A away B over C down D back（分数

11、：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If soldiering was for the money, the Special Air Service (SAS) and the Special Boat Service (SBS) would have disintegrated in recent years. Such has been the explosion in private military companies (PMCs)

12、 that they employ an estimated 30 000 in Iraq alone - and no government can match their fat salaries. A young SAS trooper earns about 2,000($3 500) a month; on the “circuit“, as soldiers call the private world, he could get 15 000. Why would he not?For reasons both warm-hearted and cool-headed. Firs

13、t, for love of regiment and comrades, bonds that tend to be tightest in the most select units. Second, for the operational support, notably field medicine, and the security, including life assurance and pension, that come with the queens paltry shilling.Although there has been no haemorrhaging of sp

14、ecial force (SF) fighters to the private sector, there has been enough of a trickle to cause official unease. A memo recently circulated in the Ministry of Defence detailed the loss of 24 SF senior non-commissioned officers to private companies in the past year. All had completed 22 years of service

15、, and so were eligible for a full pension, and near the end of their careers. Yet there is now a shortage of hard-bitten veterans to fill training and other jobs earmarked for them, under a system for retaining them known as “continuance.“America has responded to the problem by throwing cash at it,

16、offering incentives of up to $150 000 to sign new contracts. The Ministry of Defence has found a cheaper ploy. It has spread the story of two British PMC employees, recently killed in Iraq, whose bodies were left rotting in the sun;（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.A t

17、he private world is called “circuit“ by soldiersB PMCs employ an estimated 30 000 soldiers in Iraq aloneC Britains best soldiers stand resolute against mammonD A young SBS trooper earns about 15 000（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “security“ in the second paragraph most probably means _.A protection B

18、documentC certificate D safety（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 2 is written to _.A advance both warm-hearted and cool-headed causesB reinterate the significance of queens paltry shillingC shed light on the love of regiment and comradesD interpret why young SAS troopers would not get 15 000（分数：2.00）A.B

19、.C.D.(4).The conclusion can be made from the third paragraph that _.A the Ministry of Defence detailed 24 SBS troopersB the fat salaries by the private military companies have worked to some SF troopersC the present system for retaining hard-bitten veterans is impeccableD 20 years of service underli

20、es a full pension（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the last paragraph of the text, the author has _.A comment on a tip B anticipate a resultC made a contrast D depict a sample（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. Bu

21、t to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economys vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to

22、generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepar

23、ed. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to supp

24、ort themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data,24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years

25、, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995,more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start

26、-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviou

27、sly critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firms health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age. You must tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small-business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. The

28、y hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they s

29、ee the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.Frequent checks of your firms vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps fran

30、chise your hot idea.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the main difference between a multinational corporation and a small business lies inA the proportion of work force.B the frequency appeared on the headlines.C the number of the workers.D the way of opening a business.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We ma

31、y conclude from the text thatA the future of the small businesses is promising and undoubtedly encouraging.B all those who leave their jobs will be a boss of a small business.C everyone should look before they leap when they decide managing small business.D the success of small business solely depen

32、ds on the bosses who perform their last jobs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When opening small businesses, the most important thing for small-business owners to do isA to make a thorough analysis on the market.B to invest much more money in small business.C to cut down the workers wages.D to think carefully a

33、bout the internal specific conditions in the small enterprises.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In a recent research, after three years, _ small enterprises will be alive among 3,000 small businesses.A more than 60 B more than 51 C more than2,310 D more than2,400（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards

34、 the development of small businesses isA worried. B unconcerned. C optimistic. D cautious.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-conscio

35、usly and distinctively “ Southern“the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britains North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and

36、Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture.However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The cas

37、e for Southern distinctiveness rests_ upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for whic

38、h Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major recitations, the second is far more problematic.What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly,Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by histor

39、ians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important and undeniable differe

40、nces between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New Eng

41、land culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colon

42、ies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern-acquisitiveness. A strong interest in polities and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models were not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost cert

43、ainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assi

44、milating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.（分数：10.00）(1).What do we learn about the cultural history of Britains North American empire from Paragraph 1 ?A The southern colonies had never existed before 17C.B Historians nowadays ignore it for some reason unknown.C The Amer

45、ican culture during the Colonial era was actually New England Puritan Culture.D People today think that history was not recorded by government.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “premises“ (Pard. 2) most probably means_.A presupposition B prestigiousC prevalent D prejudice（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is Dav

46、is attitude toward the Puritans?A Davis cries for the excessive influence historians attributed to the Puritans.B Davis believes in using the Puritans as the standard to evaluate the contributions of Southern colonials.C Davis concerns more about the differences between the Southern and Northern col

47、onials.D Davis objects to the difference between the Southern and Puritan colonies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The most distinctly Puritan aspects of the early New England were typical for_.A New England itself B EnglandC Mississippi D Connecticut（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors attitude according

48、to this passage?A Positive. B Negative.C Subjective. D Objective.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Perhaps only a small boy trained to be a wizard at the Hogwarts School of Magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever. Wherever in the World the clock strikes midnight on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than 10m copies of “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix“. Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and delivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bigger trucks.