【考研类试卷】西医综合-内科学-7及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-内科学-7 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some of the concerns surrounding Turkeys application to join the European Union, to be (1) on by the EUs Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the countrys relative poverty. Its GDP per head is les

2、s than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. (2) it is not far off that of Latvia-one of the ten new members which (3) on May 1st 2004, and it is much the same as (4) of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded (5) talks with the EU that could make them

3、full members on January 1st 2007.(6) , the countrys recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, stunning. GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a (7) of growth that no EU country comes close to (8) . Turkey

4、s (9) rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country (10) agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic program that will help Turkey (11) inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economys resilience.Resilience has not hi

5、storically been the countrys economic strong point. (12) , throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram (13) a violent heart attack. This (14) has been one of the main reasons why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such

6、investment is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual (15) have scarcely ever reached $1 billion.One deterrent to foreign investors is due to (16) on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six zer

7、os will be removed from the face value of the lira (里拉，土耳其货币单位);one unit of the local (17) will henceforth be worth what 1 million are now-ie, about 0.53 (0.53 欧元). Goods will have to be (18) in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, (19) foreign bankers and (20) can begin to look forw

8、ard to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.（分数：10.00）(1).A decided B voted C elected D appointed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A But B So C Though D While（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A presented B attended C joined D participated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A

9、that B which C those D these（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A application B accession C reception D negotiation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A Unfortunately B However C Therefore D Furthermore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A ratio B rate C rhythm D rhyme（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A approaching B surpassing C matching D succeeding（分数：0

10、.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A inflation B interest C investment D tariff（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A claimed B reached C concluded D achieved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A reduce B drop C shrink D descend（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A Instead B Indeed C Accordingly D Surprisingly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A manifesting B accounting C

11、recording D photocopying（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A mobility B flexibility C stability D irregularity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A inflows B imports C exports D outputs（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A revive B remain C disappear D discharge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A current B currency C stock D share（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18)

12、.A priced B labeled C claimed D exchanged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A though B but C for D since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A merchants B travelers C investors D executives（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Rupert Murdoch sees beams of light

13、in the American advertising market, it is not necessarily time to reach for the sunglasses. Last October, when the impact of September 11th was only beginning to tell, the boss of NASCAR, a media group, had already identified “ strong rays of sunshine“. With ad sales still languishing, Mr. Murdoch d

14、eclared last month that “ there are some hints of a modest upswing in tile US advertising market“. His early optimism turned out to be misplaced. Now, however, other industry observers are beginning to agree with him.Advertising usually exaggerates the economic cycle, falling sharply and early in a

15、downturn, and rebounding strongly once the economy has begun to recover. This is because most managers prefer to trim their ad budgets rather than their payrolls, and restore such spending only once they feel sure that things are looking up. Last year, Americas ad market shrank by 9. 8% , according

16、to CMIR, a research firm. Although ad spending has not yet recovered across all media, some analysts now expect overall ad spending to start to grow in the third quarter.The signs of improvement are patchy, however. Ad spending on radio and television seems to be inching upadvertising on American Na

17、tional Radio was up 2% in January on the same period last year, according to Aegiswhile spending on magazines and newspapers is still weak. Even within any one market, there are huge differences; just pick up a copy of one of the now-slimline high-teeh magazines that once bulged with ads, and compar

18、e it with the hefty celebrity or womens titles. Advertisers in some categories, such as the travel industry, are still reluctant to buy space or airtime, while others, such as the car and movie businesses, have been bolder. The winter Olympics, held last month in Salt Lake City, has also distorted t

19、he spending on broadcast advertising in the first quarter.Nonetheless, there is an underlying pattern. One measure is the booking of ad spots for national brands on local television. By early March, according to Mr. Westerfields analysis, such bookings were growing fast across eight out of the top t

20、en advertising sectors, led by the financial and motor industries. UBS Warburg now expects the “ upfront“ market, which starts in May when advertisers book advance ad spots on the TV networks for the new season in September, to be up 4% on last year. On some estimates, even online advertising could

21、pick up by the end of the year.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author mean by “it is not necessarily time to reach for the sunglasses“ (Para. 1)?A The sunshine is not terribly strong.B It is not good time to develop advertising.C There is no need to worry about economy now.D The real economic recovery h

22、as yet to take place.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Mr. Murdochs early market estimation was_.A exaggerating the situationB being too cautiousC underestimating the developmentD probably describing the reality（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is true according to the text?A Advertising is a sensitive

23、 marker of economic change.B Managers will first cut salary during economic downturn.C CMR was wrong about last years US ad market.D Advertising spending has started overall growing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Signs of improvement are visible in the advertising of_.A high-tech magazines and sports industry

24、B celebrity magazines and travel industryC womens magazines and car industryD movie industry and high-teeh magazines（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors view of the prospect of US advertising market?A Recovery will be slow but sure.B There will be a big jump.C Patchy improvement will occur.D The

25、 situation will remain pessimistie.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you smoke, you d better hurry. From July 1st pubs all over England will, by law, be no-smoking areas. So will restaurants, offices and even company cars, if more than one person uses them. Englands smokers are following a

26、 well-trodden path. The other three bits of the United Kingdom have already banned smoking in almost all enclosed public spaces, and there are anti-smoking laws of varying strictness over most of Western Europe. The smokers journey from glamour through toleration to suspicion is finally reaching its

27、 end in pariah status.But behind this pubhc-health success story lies a darker tale. Poorer people are much more likely to smoke than richer ones-a change from the 1950s, when professionals and laborers were equally keen. Today only 15% of men in the highest professional classes smoke, but 42% of un

28、skilled workers do. Despite punitive taxation-20 cigarettes cost around 5.00 ( $10.00), three-quarters of which is tax-55% of single mothers on benefits smoke. The figure for homeless men is even higher; for hard-drug users it is practically 100%. The message that smoking kills has been heard, it se

29、ems, but not by all.Having defeated the big killers of the past-want, exposure, poor sanitation- governments all over the developed world are turning their attention to diseases that stem mostly from how individuals choose to live their lives. But the same deafness afflicts the same people when they

30、 are strongly encouraged to give up other sorts of unhealthy behavior. The lower down they are on practically any pecking order-job prestige, income, education, background-the more likely people are to be fat and unfit, and to drink too much.That tempts governments to shout ever louder in an attempt

31、 to get the public to listen- and nowhere do they do so more aggressively than in Britain. One reason is that pecking orders matter more than in most other rich countries : income distribution is very unequal and the unemployed, disaffected, ill-educated rump is comparatively large. Another reason i

32、s the frustration of a government addicted to targets, which often aim not only to improve something but to lessen inequality in the process. A third is that the National Health Service is free to patients, and paying for those who have arguably brought their ill-health on themselves grows alarmingl

33、y costly.Britains aggressiveness, however, may be pointless, even counter-productive. There is no reason to believe that those who ignore measured voices will listen to shouting. It irritates the majority who are already behaving responsibly, and it may also undermine all government pronouncements o

34、n health by convincing people that they have an ultra-cautious margin of error built in.Such hectoring may also be missing the root cause of the problem. According to Mr. Marmot, who cites research on groups as diverse as baboons in captivity, British civil servants and Oscar nominees, the higher ra

35、tes of ill health among those in more modest walks of life can be attributed to what he calls the “status syndrome“. People in privileged positions think they are worth the effort of behaving healthily, and find the will-power to do so. The implication is that it is easier to improve a persons healt

36、h by weakening the connection between social position and health than by targeting behavior directly. Some public-health experts speak of social cohesion, support for families and better education for all. These are bigger undertakings than a bossy campaign; but more effective, and quieter.（分数：10.00

37、）(1).The word “pariah“ ( paragraph 1 ) is closest in meaning toA prohibition. B strictness.C pardon. D punishment.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author seems to be suspicious of the public-health success becauseA the message that smoking kills isnt voiced loudly enough.B unskilled workers are more willing

38、 to pay for the heavy tax in cigarettes.C single mothers are more likely to use their benefits to buy cigarettes.D the positive effects are yielded mostly on the richer population.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, why does the same deafness afflict the same people?A Because governments all

39、 turned their attention to these people.B Because these people are more likely to have unhealthy behaviors.C Because these people suffer more from their poor income and education.D Because governments always neglect the real needs of these people.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT a

40、reason for Britains aggressiveness in the public-health campaign?A The government is frustrated in curing smoking-related diseases.B The government is keen on eliminating social unfairness.C The free health service proves very expensive.D The gap between the rich and the poor is very big.（分数：2.00）A.

41、B.C.D.(5).The author seems to believe that status syndrome may be curedA if the measures can actually weaken the relationship between social position and health.B if the government shouts louder in their campaign against diseases resulting from unhealthy habits.C if the government helps people find

42、a stronger will power to give up their unhealthy habits.D if the government undertakes bigger and more effective ad campaigns against poor education.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.The first differen

43、ce is that a policemans real life revolves found criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and-rain, runn

44、ing down a street after someone he wants to talk to.Little of his time is spent in chatting, he will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes.Most television crime drama is about fin

45、ding the criminal: as soon as hes arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching.Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove hi

46、s case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of difference evidence.The third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures, first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law secondly, as expe

47、nsive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective fee

48、ls between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-mindedness-as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is recatching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.（分数：10.00）(1).A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because_.A he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committedB he must justify the arrests he makes of c