【考研类试卷】西医综合-内科学-5及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-内科学-5 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sometimes we have specific problems with our mother; sometimes, life with her can just be hard work. If there are difficulties in your (1) , its best to deal with them, (2) remember that any (3) should be done (4) person or by

2、 letter. The telephone is not a good (5) because it is too easy (6) either side to (7) the conversation.Explain to her (8) you find difficult in your relationship and then (9) some new arrangements that you think would establish a (10) balance between you. Sometimes we hold (11) from establishing su

3、ch boundaries because we are afraid that doing (12) implies we are (13) her. We need to remember that being (14) from our mother does not (15) mean that we no longer love her. If the conflict is (16) and you cannot find a way to (17) it, you might decide to give up your relationship with your mother

4、 for a while. Some of my patients had (18) “trial separations“. The (19) allowed things to simmer down, enabling (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A relationship B emission C emulation D interpretation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A and B but C thus D or（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A contradiction B estimation C confrontation D i

5、mmersion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A by B for C to D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A innovation B manoeuvre C medium D synthesis（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A on B for C off D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A formulate B commence C perceive D terminate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A whether B how C what D why（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A propo

6、se B perform C remove D outline（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A distinctive B turbulent C spontaneous D healthier（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A back B on C off D by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A it B which C what D so（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A mustering B ejecting C insulting D retaliating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A harmonious B

7、 wholesome C malignant D independent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A instantly B reluctantly C necessarily D steadily（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A moderate B hereditary C inevitable D extreme（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A shape B resolve C simulate D grind（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A successful B compulsory C miserable D stat

8、ionary（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A blunder B temptation C break D trait（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A reconciliation B rebellion C recreation D rehearse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)You really do have to wonder whether a few years from now wel

9、l look back at the first decade of the 21st centurywhen food prices spiked, energy prices soared, world population surged, tornados plowed through cities, floods and droughts set records, populations were displaced and governments were threatened by the confluence of it alland ask ourselves. What we

10、re we thinking? How did we not panic when the evidence was so obvious that wed crossed some growth, climate, natural resource and population redlines all at once? “The only answer can be denial,“ argues Paul Gilding, an Australian environmentalist, in a new book called The Great Disruption. “When yo

11、u are surrounded by something so big that requires you to change everything about the way you think and see the world, then denial is the natural response. But the longer we wait, the bigger the response required.“Gilding cites the work of the Global Footprint Network, an alliance of scientists, whi

12、ch calculates how many “planet Earths“ we need to sustain our current growth rates. G. F. N. measures how much land and water area we need to produce the resources we consume and absorb our waste, using prevailing technology. On the whole, says G. F. N. , we are currently growing at a rate that is u

13、sing up the Earths resources far faster than they can be sustainably replenished, so we are eating into the future.This is not science fiction. This is what happens when our system of growth and the system of nature hit the wall at once. We are now using so many resources and putting out so much was

14、te into the Earth that we have reached some kind of limit, given current technologies. The economy is going to have to get smaller in terms of physical impact.We will not change systems, though, without a crisis. But dont worry, were getting there. Were currently caught in two loops: One is that mor

15、e population growth and more global warming together are pushing up food prices, causing political instability in the Middle East, which leads to higher oil prices, thus to higher food prices and more instability. At the same time, improved productivity means fewer people are needed in every factory

16、 to produce more stuff. So if we want to have more jobs, we need more factories. More factories making more stuff make more global warming, and that is where the two loops meet.But Gilding is actually an eco-optimist. As the impact o the imminent Great Disruption hits us, he says, “our response will

17、 be proportionally dramatic, mobilizing as we do in war. We will change at a scale and speed we can barely imagine today, completely transforming our economy, including our energy and transport industries, in just a few short decades. “ We will realize, he predicts, that the consumer-driven growth m

18、odel is broken and we have to move to a more happiness-driven growth model, based on people working less and owning less.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paul Gilding, faced with disastrous evidence, people wouldA be frightened into rethinking the ways we treat the earth.B refuse to admit the follies comm

19、itted by human beings.C set a redline for population growth and the exploration of nature.D come up with a response required to cope with the worsening situation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The G. F.N. scientistsA have overstated the sustainability of the earth.B are ignorant of the serious situation the e

20、arth faces.C are overconfident about the role of current technology.D issue a warning message about the sustainability of the earth.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author agrees with Gilding thatA both growth and tapping of nature have reached their limits.B one way of breaking the loops is making better u

21、se of the technology.C the current situation is not as bad as the G. F. N. scientists state it.D improved productivity will eventually help raise the employment rate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To correct the situation, Gilding advocatesA stabilizing the political and economic situation.B learning useful l

22、essons from wartime mobilization.C keeping economic growth at a sustainable rate.D making better use of current technologies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred that the happiness-driven growth model is characterized byA higher economic productivity.B slower economic growth.C less dramatic polit

23、ical change.D constant technological innovations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Shortly after September 11th, President Bushs father observed that just as Pearl Harbor awakened this country from the notion that we could somehow avoid the call of duty to defend freedom in Europe and Asia in

24、 World War Two, so, too, should this most recent surprise attack erase the concept in some quarters that America can somehow go it alone in the fight against terrorism or in anything else for that matter.But Americas allies have begun to wonder whether that is the lesson that has been learned-or whe

25、ther the Afghanistan campaigns apparent success shows that unilateralism works just fine. The United States, that argument goes, is so dominant that it can largely afford to go it alone.It is true that no nation since Rome has loomed so large above the others, but even Rome eventually collapsed. Onl

26、y a decade ago, the conventional wisdom lamented an America in decline. Bestseller lists featured books that described Americas fall. Japan would soon become “Number One“. That view was wrong at the time, and when I wrote “Bound to Lead“ in 1989, I, like others, predicted the continuing rise of Amer

27、ican power. But the new conventional wisdom that America is invincible is equally dangerous if it leads to a foreign policy that combines unilateralism, arrogance and parochialism.A number of advocates of “realist“ international-relations theory have also expressed concern about Americas staying-pow

28、er. Throughout history, coalitions of countries have arisen to balance dominant powers, and the search for traditional shifts in the balance of power and new state challengers is well under way. Some see China as the new enemy; others envisage a Russia-China-India coalition as the threat. But even i

29、f China maintains high growth rates of 6% while the United States achieves only 2%, it will not equal the United States in income per head until the last half of the century.Still others see a uniting Europe as a potential federation that will challenge the United States for primacy. But this foreca

30、st depends on a high degree of European political unity, and a low state of transatlantic relations. Although realists raise an important point about the leveling of power in the international arena, their quest for new cold-war-style challengers is largely barking up the wrong tree. They are ignori

31、ng deeper changes in the distribution and nature of power in the contemporary world. The paradox of American power in the 21st century is that the largest power since Rome cannot achieve its objectives unilaterally in a global information age.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the beginning of the text tha

32、t what strikes Bushs father is thatA American allies began to appreciate unilateralism.B Americans come to get over some misconceptions.C the U.S. became the largest power since Rome.D Americans can achieve its objectives unilaterally.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is realists attitude towards the contin

33、uing rise of American power?A Apprehensive.B Boastful.C Optimistic.D Grieved.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, cooperative bodies of countries have emergedA to defeat new state challengers.B to defend international relations.C to maintain high growth rates.D to equalize dominant powers.（分数

34、：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author criticizes those who are “barking up the wrong tree“ for theirA dominance.B insecurity.C ignorance.D sensitivity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author asserts that in dealing with world affairs the U. S should learn toA combine unilateralism with nationalism.B depend upon the

35、conventional wisdom.C draw a lesson from the collapse of Rome.D revise its unilateral foreign policy wisely.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U. N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the people whose governments joined to

36、gether to form the U. N.“We, the people of the U. N. , determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights

37、 of men and women and of nations, large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for th

38、ese ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the commo

39、n interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.“The name “United Nations“ is accredited to U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representativ

40、es of member States met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Years Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Fr

41、ancisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U.N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had be

42、en ratified by China, France, the U. S. S. R. U. , the U.K. and the U. S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U. N. officially came into existence. The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations Day.The essential functions of the U. N. are to maintain internat

43、ional peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a centre for co-ordinating the actions of nations on attai

44、ning these common ends.No country takes precedence over another in the U. N. Each members rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international dispute, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states.（分数：10.00）(

45、1).Under its Charter, the first stated aim of the U.N. wasA to promote social progress B to prevent a third world warC to revise international laws D to maintain international peace（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What did President Roosevelt have to do with the United Nations?A He established “The United Natio

46、ns“.B He was given the name “The United Nations“.C He was a credit to “The United Nations“.D He probably devised the name “The, United Nations“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When did the U. N. come into existence?A 26 June, 1945. B 24 October. 1945.C New Years Day in 1945. D April. 1945.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).

47、Which of the following is true as to the essential functions of the U. N. ?A Its only concerned with human rights.B It only solves economic and cultural problems.C It co-ordinates actions of nations where necessary.D It only aims to develop friendly relations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Large member countr

48、ies like China and the U. S.A have a stronger voice than other countriesB have more freedom in the U. N.C can use force against other statesD have the same rights and duties as other members（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic indic