【考研类试卷】西医综合-内科学-15及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-内科学-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for (1) in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not (2) with the bear, whose strength, speed and

2、 claws (3) an impressive “ small fire“ weaponry. They could not even defend themselves (4) running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been (5) to failure and extinction. But they were (6) with enormous

3、 concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the search (7) the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had (8) efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color that the animals of the grasslands did not (9) . The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape

4、-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far (10) the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was (11) another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the (12) the viewpoint, the greater t

5、he range of sight-so (13) they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not (14) . Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men (15) the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs

6、and began to walk (16) . This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became (17) still. (18) , they persevered and their bone structure gradually became (19) to the new, unstable position that (

7、20) them the name Homo erectus, upright man. （分数：10.00）(1).A survival B hunting C security D inhabitance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A match B compare C rival D equal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A became B equipped C posed D provided（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A in B upon C by D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A driven B doomed

8、C forced D led（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A bestowed B given C presented D endowed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A for B of C on D at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A progressed B generated C developed D advanced（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A learn B dream of C possess D acquire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A from B apart C beyond D above（分数：

9、0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A rather B quite C much D really（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A lower B further C clearer D higher（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A anything B that C everything D all（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A available B enough C sufficient D convenient（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A chose B adopted C accepted D took（分数：0.50）

10、A.B.C.D.(16).A fast B stably C happily D upright（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A faster B slower C more stable D safer（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A However B Therefore C Meanwhile D Subsequently（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A accustomed B familiarized C adapted D suited（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A obtained B called C deserved

11、D earned（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: Relat

12、ive to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, aster a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, ma

13、rriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in w

14、hich couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriage, or the husbands, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared be

15、tween the two former spouses.Thus, one can find the very type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with “full-time“ children from the present marriage and “part-time“ children from former marriages. There are s

16、tep-fathers, step-mothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: Most Americans spend

17、 most of their adult lives married.（分数：10.00）(1).By calling Americans marrying people the author means that_.A. Americans are more traditional than EuropeansB. Americans expect more out of marriage than EuropeansC. there are more married couples in U. S. A than in EuropeD. more of Americans, as comp

18、ared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Divorced Americans_.A. will most likely remarryB. prefer the way they liveC. have lost faith in marriageD. are the vast majority of people in the society（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following can be pre

19、sented as the picture of todays American families?A. A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife.B. Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.C. Americans prefer to have more kids than before.D. There are no nuclear families any more.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).“

20、Part-time“ children_.A. spend some of their time with their half-brothers and some of their time with their half-sistersB. spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriageC. are shared between the two former spousesD. cannot stay with “full-time“ children（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Even t

21、hough great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, _.A. the functions of marriage remain unchangedB. most Americans prefer a second marriageC. the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriageD. all of the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A deal is a d

22、ealexcept, apparently, when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the states strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precise

23、ly what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermonts rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. Its a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermonts

24、 only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plants license be subject to V

25、ermont legislatures approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didnt foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pi

26、pe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankees safety and Entergys managementespecially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergys behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is sudde

27、nly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear pow

28、er, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.T

29、he company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, includin

30、g Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the companys application, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth.（分数

31、：10.00）(1).The phrase “reneging on“(kine 3. para.1) is closest in meaning toA condemning. B reaffirming.C dishonoring. D securing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended toA obtain protection from Vermont regulators.B seek favor from the federal legislature.C acqui

32、re an extension of its business license.D get permission to purchase a power plant.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with itsA managerial practices. B technical innovativeness.C financial goals. D business vision（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the authors view, th

33、e Vermont case will testA Entergys capacity to fulfill all its promises.B the nature of states patchwork regulations.C the federal authority over nuclear issues.D the limits of states power over nuclear issues.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA Entergys business el

34、sewhere might be affected.B the authority of the NRC will be defied.C Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.D Vermonts reputation might be damaged.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Remember Second Life, the virtual world that was supposed to become almost as important as the first on

35、e? Now populated by no more than 84,000 avatars at a time, it has turned out to be a prime example of how short-lived Internet fads can be. Yet if many adults seem to have given up on virtual worlds, those that cater to children and teenagers are thriving. Several have even found a way to make money

36、. In America, nearly 10 million children and teenagers visit virtual worlds regularly, estimates eMarketer, a market researcher-a number the firm expects to increase to 15 million by 2013As in January, there were 112 virtual worlds designed for under-18s with another 81 in development, according to

37、Engage Digital Media, a market research firm. All cater to different age groups and tastes. In Club Penguin, the market leader, which was bought by Disney in 2007 for a whopping $ 700 million, primary-school children can take on a penguin persona, fit out their own igloo and play games. Habbo Hotel,

38、 a service run from Finland, is a global hangout for teenagers who want to customise their own rooms and meet in public places to attend events. Gala Online, based in Silicon Valley, offers similar activities, but is visited mostly by older teens who are into Manga comics. Not a hit with advertisers

39、, these online worlds earn most of their money from the sale of virtual goods, such as items to spruce up an avatar or a private room. They are paid for in a private currency, which members earn by participating in various activities, trading items or buying them with real dollars. This sort of stea

40、lth tax seems to work. At Gala Online, users spend more than $1 million per month on virtual items, says Craig Sherman, the firms chief executive. Running such a virtual economy is not easy, which is why Gaia has hired a full-time economist to grapple with problems that are well known in the real wo

41、rld, such as inflation and an unequal distribution of wealth. There are other barriers that could limit the growth of virtual worlds for the young, but the main one is parents. Many do not want their offspring roaming virtual worlds, either because they are too commercial or are thought to be too da

42、ngerous. Keeping them safe is one of the biggest running costs, because their sponsors have to employ real people to police their realms. Youngsters are also a fickle bunch, says Simon Levene of Accel Partners, a venture- capital firm. Just as children move from one toy to another, they readily swit

43、ch worlds or social networks, often without saying goodbye. Even so, Debra Aho Williamson, an analyst at eMarketer, believes “these worlds are a training ground for the three-dimensional web“. If virtual worlds for adults, which so far have been able to retain only hardcore users, manage to hang on

44、for a few years, they may yet have a second life. （分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph it says that “Several have even found a way to make money“ Which of the following could possibly be the “way“ ? A Sales of the copies of the game. B Sales of virtual goods in the game. C Sales of game peripheral g

45、oods, such as dolls and OST CDs. D Development of different games towards gamers of different ages.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why do online games not mean “a hit with advertisers“? A The advertisers do not have appropriate ways to advertise in the online world. B Online game companies do not want to coope

46、rate with the advertisers. C The profit pattern of online games does not leave much space for them. D The advertisers deem that online games will not be a rising industry.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following may NOT be the barriers to limit the growth of virtual worlds? A Inflation and unequa

47、l distributions of wealth can also happen in the virtual world. B The virtual world could grow complicated enough to force employment of special staff to manage it. C Parents would keep their children from the online games in order to keep them safe. D The online game companies will have to keep the

48、 virtual world safe, at some rather high cost.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can we infer from Simon Levenes comments? A Young people will usually change games. B Young people are only attracted by the novelties in the games. C Game companies will have to use various measures to keep young people continu

49、ing playing their games. D Current prosperity of online games market may not last long due to the capriciousness of young people.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What may “stealth tax“ in “This sort of stealth tax seems to work“ refer to? A Online world promotes transaction without seeing the currencies, thus boosting the consu