【考研类试卷】西医综合-内科学-2及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-内科学-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Health implies. more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional wellbeing. An angry, frustrated, emotionally (1) person in good physical condition is not (2) healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do (

2、3) how a person copes with the world as it exists. Many of the factors that (4) physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.Having a good self-image means that people have positive (5) pictures and good positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable (6) , and about t

3、he roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are (7) like others. Having a good self- image is based (8) a realistic (9) of ones own worth and value and capabilities.Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful (10) of our society. People of all ages (

4、11) stress. Children begin to (12) stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing (13) in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to (14) academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals

5、 (15) to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well (16) another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individuals physical, social, and mental health are eventua

6、lly affected.Satisfying social relations are vital to (17) mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to (18) , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must (19) the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help eac

7、h other. They must also be capable of (20) conflicts in a constructive way.（分数：10.00）(1).A unstable B unsure C imprecise D impractical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A normally B generally C virtually D necessarily（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A on B at C to D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A signify B influence C predict D

8、mark（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A intellectual B sensual C spiritual D mental（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A to be doing B with doing C to do D of doing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A able better to B able to better C better to able D better able to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A on B from C at D about（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A assessme

9、nt B decision C determination D assistance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A ideality B realization C realism D reality（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A occur B engage C confront D encounter（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A tolerate B sustain C experience D undertake（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A evidence B accidents C adventures D even

10、ts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A acquire B achieve C obtain D fulfill（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A respond B return C retort D reply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A why B when C while D where（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A sound B all-round C entire D whole（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A illuminate B enunciate C enumerate D initiate（分数：

11、0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A access B assess C process D possess（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A resolving B saluting C dissolving D solving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Banish soft drinks from school vending machines. Cut down on Happy Meals. Load

12、school lunches with fruits and vegetables. Pull the plug on the television and shove kids outdoors. Those are some of the weapons that schools, doctors and parents wield to prevent overweight kids from packing on more pounds.But theres another possibility: Surgically implant an inflatable silicone b

13、and around the top of the stomach to restrict food intake. That way, people eat smaller meals. Banding works for many adults. Now Allergan Inc. , a maker of the band, is asking the Food and Drug Administration to approve its device for morbidly obese adolescents as young as 14.You may or may not fin

14、d this hard to stomach. We suspect your response will depend on your view of the causes of obesity, teen and otherwise. If you think losing weight is only a matter of will power, then you probably will figure this is another stab at a quick-fix that cant work for long. But heres why we cant dismiss

15、it. Chicago is a national epicenter for childhood obesity. From toddlers to teens, Chicagos children far exceed national averages for obesity. An obese teen faces a lifetime of increased health risks.The band surgery wouldnt be for the girl who wants to shed 25 pounds to fit into a dancing party dre

16、ss. This would be for the morbidly obeseadolescents 100 pounds or more overweight. The surgery is safe and effective for adults. In limited trials, it has helped obese teens. A 2010 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association found banding surgery to be far more effective than diet and

17、exercise programs in helping teens shed significant poundage. Of 25 patients who got the surgery, 21 lost more than half their excess weight. By contrast, only three of 25 teens on a supervised dieting and exercise program lost that much weight.The prospect of such surgery on a teen should give paus

18、e to parents and doctors. But lets remember that this is envisioned as a last resort for teens who are 100 pounds or more overweight. Before theyre cleared for surgery, kids would have to show they diligently tried other weight loss methods. That they could stabilize their weight in preparation for

19、surgery. And that theyre ready to follow through with psychological counseling and other after-surgery programs.Parents and kids need to know: There is no quick, pain-free way around diet and exercise as a weight control. Pills, gastric surgery and other shortcuts may help some for a while. But even

20、 surgery likely wont be effective for long if you dont change the way you think about food and about controlling portions. Yes, we share concerns that once doctors start ratcheting up the numbers of these surgeries, they wont stop at the small numbers of extremely overweight teens. But thats for doc

21、tors and parents to monitor. The FDA should allow the band to be marketed for adolescents, to give them a chance at a normal, healthy life.（分数：10.00）(1).The purpose of surgical treatment is toA urge overweight children to go on a diet.B engage obese adolescents in more outdoors activities.C reduce t

22、he amount of food intake of obese children.D cut down the number of meals of obese children.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).You might dismiss the surgical implantation ifA it makes thing hard to childrens stomach.B it does not lead to a reduction in children obesity.C you believe children become obese for lack

23、 of will power.D you think the surgery poses health risks for children.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Band surgery is recommended for obese children for all the following reasons except thatA it has proved to be more effective in reducing weight.B Chicago has an excessive number of obese children.C overweight

24、 people are subjected to greater health risks.D the band has proved to be harmless to children of all ages.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author warns thatA the band surgery should not be the first choice of obese kids.B children who are morbidly obese should not try band surgery.C children whose weight i

25、s still growing should not take the surgery.D children with psychological problems should not take the surgery.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Once approved, there might be danger that band surgeryA might cause constant pains to overweight children.B might be overused on overweight adolescents.C might be marke

26、ted for effects which it does not produce.D might cause psychological problems to obese children.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Marine Lt. Alan Zarracina finally did the splits after months of struggling with the difficult pose in yoga class, the limber women around him applauded.Zarr

27、acina, a 24-year-old Naval Academy graduate and flight student, admits he would have a hard time explaining the scene to other Marines. Each class ends with a chant for peace. Then, instructor Nancy La Nasa hands students incense sticks as a gift for their 90 minutes of back bends, shoulder stands a

28、nd other challenging positions. Zarracina has tried to drag some of his military friends to class, but they make fun of him. “Its not necessarily considered masculine,“ he said.Still, the popular classes, based on ancient Hindu practices of meditation through controlled breathing, balancing and stre

29、tching, are catching on in military circles as a way to improve flexibility, balance and concentration. A former Navy SEAL told Zarracina about the class.The August edition of Fit Yoga, the nations second-largest yoga magazine with a circulation of 100,000, features a photo of two Naval aviators doi

30、ng yoga poses in full combat gear aboard an aircraft carrier. “At first it seemed a little shocking-soldiers practicing such a peaceful art,“ writes editor Rita Trieger. Upon closer inspection, she said, she noticed “a sense of inner calm“ on the aviators faces. “War is hell, and if yoga can help th

31、em find a little solace, thats good,“ said Trieger, a longtime New York yoga instructor.Retired Adm. Tom Steffens, who spent 34 years as a Navy SEAL and served as the director of the elite corps training, regularly practices yoga at his home in Norfolk, Va. “Once in a while Ill sit in class, and eve

32、ryone is a 20-something young lady with a 10-inch waist and here I am this old guy,“ he joked. Steffens, who said the stretching helped him eliminate the stiffness of a biceps injury after surgery, said the benefits of regular practice can be enormous. “The yoga cured all kinds of back pains,“ he sa

33、id. “Being a SEAL, you beat up your body. “Yoga breathing exercises can help SEALs with their diving, and learning to control the body by remaining in unusual positions can help members stay in confined spaces for long periods, he said. “The ability to stay focused on something, whether on breathing

34、 or on the yoga practice, and not be drawn off course, that has a lot of connection to the military,“ he said. “In our SEAL basic training, there are many things that are yoga-like in nature. /（分数：10.00）(1).Alan thought it is difficult to explain the scene to his fellow Marines becauseA yoga is a pe

35、aceful meditation process.B yoga is thought to be a little feminine.C only women would attend a yoga class.D Marine soldiers hate to chant for peace.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We can infer from the passage that yogaA has been popular ever since its advent in India.B is an ancient Hindu practice of meditat

36、ion.C focuses on improving muscular strength.D is becoming increasingly popular among soldiers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Trieger seems to believe thatA practicing yoga can provide soldiers with some sort of relief.B doing yoga poses in full combat gear is shocking for soldiers.C soldiers should be peacef

37、ul instead of being too masculine.D military practices of yoga should be done with closer inspection.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Steffens, practicing yogaA helps exercisers remain young.B is very effective in relieving back pains.C helps exercisers realize the potentials of their bodies.D are

38、good for forming a habit of doing things in a regular pattern.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can learn from the last paragraph thatA practicing yoga can have practical military uses.B soldiers need to be focused in important missions.C yoga will soon become a part of SEAL basic training.D military training

39、s should design yoga into their program.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A very important world problem, if not the most serious of all the great world problems which affect us at the moment, is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and

40、land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.In an early survey conducted in 1888, a billion and a half people inhabited the earth. Now, the population exceeds five billion and is growing fastby the staggering figure of 90 million in 1

41、988 alone. This means that the world must accommodate a new population roughly equal to that of the United States and Canada every three years! Even though the rate of growth has begun to slow down, most experts believe the population size will still pass eight billion during the next 50 years.So wh

42、y is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as “Death Control“. You have no doubt heard of the term “Birth Control“ Death Control“ is something rather different. It recognizes the work of the doctors and s

43、cientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and sanitation, as well as the control of these deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate

44、 at which we diecreating a population explosion. We used to think that reaching seventy years old was a remarkable achievement, but now eighty or even ninety is becoming recognized as the normal life-span for humans. In a sense, this represents a tremendous achievement for our species. Biologically

45、this is the very definition of success and we have undoubtedly become the dominant animal on the planet. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.Man is constantly destroying the very resources which keep him alive. He is destroying the balance of nature which regula

46、tes climate and the atmosphere, produces and maintains healthy soils, provides food from the seas, etc. In short, by only considering our needs of today we are ensuring there will be no tomorrow.An understanding of mans effect on the balance of nature is crucial to be able to find the appropriate re

47、medial action. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have o

48、n nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.The birth of a baby in, for example, Japan, imposes more than a hundred times the amount of stress on the worlds resources as a

49、baby in India. Most people in India do not grow up to own cars or air-conditionersnor do they eat the huge amount of meat and fish that the Japanese child does. Their life-styles do not require vast quantities of minerals and energy. Also, they are aware of the requirements of the land around them and try to put something b