【考研类试卷】西医综合-内科学-4及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-内科学-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money. He may (1) the repayment of the money at any time, either (2) cash or by drawing a check in favor of another person. (3) , the banker customer relati

2、onship is that of debtor and creditor who is (4) depending on whether the customers account is (5) credit or is overdrawn. But, in (6) to that basically simple concept,“ the bank and its customer (7) a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give (8) to problems and

3、 complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is (9) against him.The bank must (10) its customers instructions, and not those of anyone else. (11) , for example, a customer opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in (12) of

4、checks drawn by himself. He gives the bank (13) of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or (14) to pay out a customers money (15) a check on which its customers signature has been (16) . It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very (17) one, the ban

5、k must recognize its customers signature. For this reason there is no (18) to the customer in the practice, (19) by banks, of printing the customers name on his checks. If this (20) forgery, it is the bank that will lose, not the customer.（分数：10.00）(1).A acquire B deposit C demand D derive（分数：0.50）A

6、.B.C.D.(2).A for B through C as D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A However B Primarily C Moreover D Presumably（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A which B what C how D that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A on B with C in D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A support B contrast C regard D addition（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A owe B commit C attribut

7、e D embark（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A purpose B rise C priority D thought（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A loaded B offended C discriminated D directed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A conform B comply C obey D abide（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A Unless B Although C Since D When（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A respect B charge C line D plac

8、e（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A specifics B signs C symbols D specimens（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A reputation B prestige C authority D impact（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A by B on C with D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A printed B confirmed C forged D justified（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A delicate B skillful C unusual D unique

9、（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A risk B guarantee C fault D benefit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A engaged B intended C adapted D adopted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A contributes B facilitates C results D leads（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The history of

10、 responses to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli (1444 1510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticellis work, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the his

11、tory of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellows Florentine, Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticellis work r

12、emained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes. )The primary reason for Botticellis unpopularity is not difficult to understand: most observers, up until the midn

13、ineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fifteenth-century Florentine art. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Miche

14、langelo, never used chiaroscuro.Another reason for Botticellis unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from the class

15、ical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art.In any case, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticellis work to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine

16、 art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre Raphaelite movement, as well as by the writer Pater (although he, unfortunately, based his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticellis personality), inspired a new a

17、ppreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking world. Yet Botticellis work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908. Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared i

18、mportant features with paintings by other fifteenth-century Florentines features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselves-rather, that he emphasized clear dep

19、letion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Homes emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate Bottieellis achievements.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following would be the best title for t

20、he text?A The Role of Standard Art Analyses and Appraisals.B Sandro Botticelli: From Rejection to Appreciation.C Causes for Botticellis Rejection in Earlier Times.D Botticelli and Florentine: A Comparative Study.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We can learn from the text that art critics have a history ofA supp

21、ressing painters art initiatives.B favoring a Botticellis best paintings.C rejecting traditional art characteristics.D undervaluing Botticellis achievements.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The views of Vasari and Home on Botticellis products areA identical.B complementary.C opposite.D similar.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.

22、(4).The word “connoisseurs“ (Paragraph 1) most probably meansA representatives in the Pre-Raphaelite Movement.B people who are in favor of Florentine.C critics who are likely to make assessments.D conservatives clinging to classical art.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the author think of Botticellis

23、representation skills?A They are to be fully appreciated.B They evolve from an uncertain source.C They underlie his personality.D They conform to the classical style.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With one eye turned towards keeping its own economy on track and the other trained fearfully

24、on the impact of the global economic downturn, China has announced a four trillion yuan ($ 586 billion) stimulus package, the largest in the countrys history. Unveiled by Chinas State Council on the evening of Sunday November 9th, the two-year spending initiative will inject funds into ten sectors,

25、including health care, education, low- income housing, environmental protection, schemes to promote technological innovation, and transport and other infrastructure projects. The government also says that some of the spending will be directed to reconstruction efforts in areas battered by natural di

26、sasters, such as Sichuan province which was devastated by a massive earthquake in May. “Over the past two months, the global financial crisis has been intensifying daily,“ the State Council said in a statement. “In expanding investment, we must be fast and heavy- handed. “ News of the stimulus packa

27、ge has been welcomed by global investors. Asian and European stock markets rose on Monday, with American markets also climbing. Chinas decisive move is likely to please foreign governments which are now grappling with the global downturn. It comes a few days before the Chinese president is scheduled

28、 to attend a global economic summit in Washington D. C. , and a day after Hu Jintao had spoken by phone to the American president-elect, Barack Obama, about the global economic crisis and other issues. Chinas government has so far provided few details of when the money will be spent or how it will b

29、e divided. Officials do say that fourth quarter investment for this year will total 400 billion yuan, including 20 billion yuan brought forward from next years central government budget. If fully realised, the two-year spending spree would amount to about 16% of Chinas annual gross domestic product.

30、 The newly announced measures also include a loosening of credit policies and tax cuts. The plan calls for reforms in the countrys value-added tax regime that would save industry 120 billion yuan, according to an estimate by the government. Credit ceilings for commercial banks are to be abolished in

31、 the hope of channelling more capital to small enterprises, rural areas and unspecified “priority projects“. The government is concerned about the potential for frivolous or speculative investments, so the State Council also decreed at its meeting on Sunday that credit expansion must be “rational“ a

32、nd should “target spheres that would promote and consolidate the expansion of consumer credit“. Finding ways to get Chinese consumers spending should be a priority. Unleashing domestic demand has been a longstanding goal of Chinese policymakers, but Chinese consumers-with few of their health-care or

33、 retirement needs reliably met either by employers or the state-often prefer to save. China has sustained double-digit economic growth rates over the past five years but the economy has been slowing, considerably in some sectors. The economy logged a growth rate of 11.9% last year, but many forecast

34、ers believe that it will dip below 10% this year, with fourth-quarter growth down to 6% or even lower. Growth rates in that range may be the envy of recession-battered economies, but mark signs of trouble for China. It is an article of faith among many economists-and a view publicly stated earlier t

35、his year by the Chinese Prime Minister, Wen Jiabao-that China needs a growth rate of at least 7% to avoid massive unemployment. The country has been hurt in recent months by softening export markets, depressed domestic property values and stock markets, and declining consumer and investor confidence

36、. （分数：10.00）(1).According to the second paragraph, which of the following is NOT within the scope of the first two years stimulus package? A A residence district built for low-income citizens. B New railway connecting two provinces in Western China. C Environment pollution control project in Taihu L

37、ake area. D Development of aerospace technology for space exploration.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, what is the “loosening of credit policies and tax cuts“ aiming at? A Reduce the burdens of the enterprises, and help the small and medium enterprises get loans more easily. B Enhance the

38、 effectiveness of the government in this economical downturn. C Implement of policies that have been adopted years before. D Response to the requirements put forward by US government.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT the reason why Chinese consumers prefer to save? A To secure their

39、 health-care in case of diseases. B To prepare for their life after retirement. C To use this as a way of investment due to high interest rate. D Insufficient coverage of social welfare.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can be inferred from the sentence “Growth rates in that range may be the envy of recessi

40、on-battered economies, but mark signs of trouble for China“ ? A Consecutive fall in economic growth rate is devastating to China, as this is a key period for Chinas economic development. B That range of growth rate may be insufficient to maintain the stability of the national economy. C Too fast an

41、economic growth rate will probably cause turbulence as many industries in China may not have that capacity. D Other countries have only 1% or 2% economic growth rate while only China has a 5% above growth rate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, which of the following is NOT the phenomenon c

42、aused by the economic downturn? A The export markets are being softened. B Domestic property value is being depressed. C Number of people that go vacation abroad sharply reduced. D Consumer and investor confidence declined daily.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The simple act of surrendering

43、 a telephone number to a store clerk may seem innocuousso much so that many consumers do it with no questions asked. Yet that one action can set in motion a cascade of silent events, as that data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored and sold over and over again. Future attacks on your pr

44、ivacy may come from anywhere, from anyone with money to purchase that phone number you surrendered. If you doubt the multiplier effect, consider your e-mail inbox. If its loaded with spam, its undoubtedly because at some point in time you unknowingly surrendered your e-mail to the wrong Web site.Do

45、you think your telephone number or address are handled differently? A cottage industry of small companies with names youve probably never heard oflike Acxiom or Merlinbuy and sell your personal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle futures are bartered. You may think your cell ph

46、one is unlisted, but if youve ever ordered a pizza, it might not be. Merlin is one of many commercial data brokers that advertises sale of unlisted phone numbers compiled from various sourcesincluding pizza delivery companies. These unintended, unpredictable consequences that flow from simple action

47、s make privacy issues difficult to grasp, and grapple with.In a larger sense, privacy also is often cast as a tale of “Big Brother“the government is watching you or a big corporation is watching you. But privacy issues dont necessarily involve large faceless institutions: A spouse takes a casual gla

48、nce at her husbands Blackberry, a co-worker looks at e-mail over your shoulder or a friend glances at a cell phone text message from the next seat on the bus. While very little of this is news to anyonepeople are now well aware there are video cameras and Internet cookies everywherethere is abundant

49、 evidence that people live their lives ignorant of the monitoring, assuming a mythical level of privacy. People write e-mails and type instant messages they never expect anyone to see. Just ask Mark Foley or even Bill Gates, whose e-mails were a cornerstone of the Justice Departments antitrust case against