【考研类试卷】西医综合-内科学-10及答案解析.doc

《【考研类试卷】西医综合-内科学-10及答案解析.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【考研类试卷】西医综合-内科学-10及答案解析.doc（28页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、西医综合-内科学-10 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, (1) into a hobby and lately has (2) into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates (3) Electrical Engine

2、ering at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep (4) of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they (5) that their homebrewed lists were becoming too long and (6) . Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo.During 1994, they (7) yahoo int

3、o a customized database designed to (8) the needs of the thousands of users (9) began to use the service through the closely (10) Internet community. They developed customized software to help them (11) locate, identify and edit material (12) on the Internet. The name Yahoo is (13) to stand for “Yet

4、 Another Hierarchical Officious Orale“, but Filo and Yang insist they selected the (14) because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first (15) on Yangs workstation, “akebono“, while the search engine was (16) on Filos computer, “Konishiki“.In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netsc

5、ape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files (17) to larger computers (18) at Netscape. As a result Stanfords computer network returned to (19) , and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo (20) organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked

6、to the web.（分数：10.00）(1).A. became B. grew C. turn D. intend（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. in B. on C. about D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. touch B. contact C. track D. record（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. founded B. found C. argued D. reported（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D

7、.(6).A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D. invaluable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. relative B. interactive C. bound D. co

8、ntacted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. fluently B. efficiently C. exactly D. actually（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. stored（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. fable B. model C. name D. brand（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. supported B. r

9、esided C. lived D. launched（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. over B. away C. inside D. beneath（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. hidden（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A.

10、 attains B. detains C. maintains D. contains（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The modern university is the ideal environment for the creation and transfer of knowledge that drives national competitiveness in an increasingly global era.

11、 Its most effective form is the American adaptation of the European model, in which teaching, leaning and research are integrated into a single institution. Indeed, the American university has proved capable of almost anything, from developing advanced economic theories to creating new life forms.Ma

12、ny national leaders understand that the university is the critical catalyst for Americas adaptability, economic robustness and emergence as a great power. And they are moving aggressively to catch up. The universities created by emerging economies beginning in the 1990s and through 2020 will likely

13、play a decisive role in reshaping the global balance of economic power.That is bad news for the United States. The past two decades of American university development have been characterized largely by self-satisfaction arising from steady progress by the top 20 or so research universities. And Amer

14、ica as a nation has 1Seen coasting. Since 2000, the United States has lost its edge in the graduation of engineers and technologists. The country no longer dominates scientific discovery, innovation or exploration. Most important, the United States has not launched any effort to build new institutio

15、ns to accommodate its increasingly diverse population of more than 300 million.The result is that Americas university system, despite its historical pre-eminence, has ceased to grow. Furthermore, Americas university system has failed to adapt to the dramatic demographic shifts occurring as a result

16、of social mobility and immigration.America needs to realize that its universities face real competition from the rest of the world to attract the best and the brightest, to secure resources and to provide environments that educate and inspire. This is not to say that the best American universities a

17、re no longer the leaders in discovery and innovation. It is to say that the success of the higher-education system must be measured by more than just innovations. Its long-term performance depends on its ability to provide learning to a broad cross sections of citizens, to advance national proficien

18、cy in math and science and to create an adaptable work force, as well as to develop a national appreciation for discovery, entrepreneurship and the creative process.In China and elsewhere, these are the goals of the new universities being built. In the United States, we need to move from a national

19、self-confidence based on past success to one built on the knowledge that we are advancing a system of higher education that will meet our future needs. This will require that policymakers, business leaders and universities rededicate themselves to creating comprehensive learning and discovery enviro

20、nments; design entirely new models and methods for teaching, and then take action to implement them.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, US modern universities _A is a perfect system which can deal with everything.B is a system which is developing rapidly.C is a trinity of teaching, learning and r

21、esearch.D is a place for innovation and creation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).New universities have been established among many other countries in order to _A bring bad news to the US.B make use of the power for development.C be measured by innovation.D force the US to build up more universities.（分数：2.00）A.

22、B.C.D.(3).What is the problem that US universities have faced since 2000?A Loss of the predominant position in artistic innovations.B Lack of the reestablishment of famed universities.C Failure to attract the best brains throughout the world.D Need of a comprehensive learning and studying environmen

23、t.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is the goal of China to build up new universities?A Providing wider opportunities of education for oversea students.B Elevating the science and technology level of the whole country.C Focusing on the position of science and technology innovation leader.D

24、 Creating a culture of appreciation of science and technology.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the text that the most possible direction of university reform in the US is _A offering more attractive scholarships.B developing advanced economic theories.C finding a better system for learni

25、ng and researching.D spending more money for hardware improvement.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One reason many politicians behave badly these days is that we spend less time thinking about what it means to behave well. This was less of a problem in past centuries when leaders, teachers a

26、nd clergy held detailed debates over what it meant to have good character.In the 18th century, for example, Edmund Burke composed a long, famous passage defining the standards of political excellence. In the 19th century, Anthony Trollope wrote a series of popular novels fussing over what it means t

27、o behave well in political life. Trollopes view was different than ours. Many Americans today assume that people are born with a good Inner Self but get corrupted by politics. American voters are always looking for the Innocent Outsider who can come in and bring sweeping change.Trollope admired Prud

28、ent Insiders, not Innocent Outsiders. His most admirable characters have been educated by long experience. They have grown mature by exercising responsibility. They have been ennobled by custom and civilization. In his books, powerless outsiders often behave self-indulgently and irresponsibly. Those

29、 who are in government have to grapple with the world as it really is.Trollopes ideal politicianswho have names like Plantagenet Palliser, Joshua Monk and the Duke of St. Bungay put service before independence. Their party and their country have asked them to accept certain duties and face certain p

30、roblems, and they just get on with it. They are more weighty, but also more boring.Trollopes ideal politicians share certain traits. They are reserved, prudent and scrupulous. They immerse themselves in dull practical questions like, say, converting the currency system. They are not sweeping thinker

31、s, but they make sensitive discriminations about the people and the circumstances around them. They learn to operate within the constraints imposed by their idiom, and they dont whine or complain about those constraints. They develop delicate understandings of what is required in a given place in ti

32、me.Trollopes ideal leaders are not glamorous celebrities of the sort we have come to long for since J. F. Kennedy. They are more like seamen or carpenters. They are judged by their professional craftsmanship. They are thin-skinned about any moral transgression they might commit and rigorously honest

33、 when judging themselves. They try to make things better but are acutely aware that everything they do might make things worse. Trollopes leaders dont embrace change quickly but have to be dragged into embracing it after much interrogation, and the change they prefer is incremental.Trollope praises

34、one of his prime ministers, Plantagenet Palliser, for “that exquisite combination of conservatism and progress which is his countrys present strength and her best security for the future. “ Trollopes readers would have come away from his books with a certain model for how practical people should beh

35、ave, which they could either copy or argue with. Im not sure his exemplars could thrive amid the TV politics of today, which calls for grand promises and bold colors. But there are prudent, reserved people in government even now.（分数：10.00）(1).By mentioning Burke and Trollope, the author means to emp

36、hasize the idea thatA the modern silence on what good behavior is leads to its decline.B moral standards in the 19th century were different from modern standards.C American voters are less confident of their choice of political leaders.D lack of responsibility is what is wrong with modern politician

37、s.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A Prudent Insider is oneA who can come up with ideas in reforming the outside world.B who shows little concern about the outside world as it really is.C whose well-trained mind enables him to make sound judgment.D whose education helps him to free himself from customs and trad

38、itions.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Trollopes ideal politicians have all the following traits exceptA an admirable sense of responsibility.B a commitment to routine government work.C a sensitive discrimination against impatient people.D a lesser sense of independence.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Unlike such leaders

39、 as Kennedy, Trollopes political leadersA are born of humble or modest origins.B have the intention of making themselves famous.C often make things worse when they engage in reforms.D do not embrace radical political changes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Towards todays conservative leaders, the authors attit

40、ude isA critical. B admirable. C suspicious. D tolerant.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, all now highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of t

41、echnology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do. Back then, the word “hacker“ didnt have the negative connotation it has today. The original hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged, a

42、ppears to be dead.The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of todays hacker. The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity, or a hunger for knowledge, as it used to be. Instead, most of todays hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other mal

43、icious intent, treating hacking as a game or sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet.The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet. This means that something besides the growth of the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks. Her

44、e are some realities you should know about: Operating systems and applications will never be secure. New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day. And even if you ever do get one operating system secure, there will be new operating systems with new vulnerabilitiesphones, wi

45、reless devices, and network appliances. Employees will never keep up with security polices and awareness. It doesnt matter how much you train and educate your employees. If your employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable email attachments, how are you going to educate the

46、m about properly configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs? Managers have more responsibility than ever. And on top of the realities listed above, security managers are being asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access.There are some good security

47、 measures you can take: Employ a layer 7, full-inspection firewall. Automatically update your anti-virus at the gateway, server and client. Keep all of your systems and applications updated. Hackers commonly break into a Web site through known security holes, so make sure your servers and applicatio

48、ns are patched and up to date. Turn off unnecessary network services. Eliminate all unneeded programs. Scan network for common backdoor services-Use intrusion detection systems, vulnerability scans, anti virus protection.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements of Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates an

49、d Linus Torvalds is TRUE?A They are all good examples of todays computer users.B They are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent.C Their goal is to push programs beyond what they are designed to do.D They are all dead.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The underlined word “hacker“ (Para. 1) most probably means“_“.A highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used todayB the negative connotation of those computer users