【考研类试卷】考研英语(一)-试卷185及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语(一)-试卷 185 及答案解析(总分:144.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数:2,分数:80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.(分数:40.00)_Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling. Sc
2、raps of information have【B1】_ to do with it. A【B2】_ well-informed man is the most useless bore on Gods earth. What we should aim at【B3】_ is men who possess both culture and expert knowledge in some【B4】_ direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start【B5】_, and their culture will
3、【B6】_ them as deep as philosophy and as high as art. We have to remember that the【B7】_ intellectual development is self-development, and that it【B8】_ takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers【B9】_ the age of twelve. In training a
4、child to activity of thought,【B10】_ all things we must be【B11】_ of what I will call “inert ideas“ that is to say, ideas that are merely【B12】_ into the mind without being utilized, or tested, or thrown into【B13】_ combinations. In the history of education, the most striking phenomenon is that schools
5、of learning, which at one epoch are【B14】_ with a craze for genius, but in a succeeding generation exhibit merely【B15】_. The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas.【B16】_ at rare intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically infected with inert ideas. That
6、 is the reason why uneducated clever women, who have【B17】_ much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been【B18】_ from this horrible burden of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has【B19】_ stirred humanity into greatness has been a pa
7、ssionate protest【B20】_ inert ideas.(分数:40.00)(1).【B1】(分数:2.00)A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.something(2).【B2】(分数:2.00)A.merelyB.rarelyC.barelyD.properly(3).【B3】(分数:2.00)A.supplyingB.producingC.creatingD.developing(4).【B4】(分数:2.00)A.uniqueB.normalC.commonD.special(5).【B5】(分数:2.00)A.acrossB.fromC.a
8、longD.towards(6).【B6】(分数:2.00)A.keepB.leadC.takeD.shape(7).【B7】(分数:2.00)A.preciousB.worthyC.valuableD.progressive(8).【B8】(分数:2.00)A.partiallyB.largelyC.roughlyD.broadly(9).【B9】(分数:2.00)A.sinceB.afterC.untilD.before(10).【B10】(分数:2.00)A.aboveB.excludingC.amongD.unlike(11).【B11】(分数:2.00)A.awareB.capabl
9、eC.thoughtfulD.sure(12).【B12】(分数:2.00)A.absorbedB.receivedC.integratedD.conceived(13).【B13】(分数:2.00)A.freshB.fundamentalC.logicalD.equivalent(14).【B14】(分数:2.00)A.popularB.boredC.contentD.alive(15).【B15】(分数:2.00)A.routineB.practiceC.frameD.custom(16).【B16】(分数:2.00)A.exceptB.despiteC.evenD.only(17).【B
10、17】(分数:2.00)A.visitedB.missedC.wanderedD.seen(18).【B18】(分数:2.00)A.freedB.savedC.relievedD.protected(19).【B19】(分数:2.00)A.thenB.ratherC.everD.instead(20).【B20】(分数:2.00)A.uponB.againstC.underD.as二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:10,分数:60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the follo
11、wing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Transparency has hit the headlines. In the wake of evidence that many research findings are not reproducible, the scientific community has launched initiatives to increase data sharing, transparency and open critique. As
12、 with any new development, there are unintended consequences. Many measures that can improve science shared data, post-publication peer review and public engagement on social media can be turned against scientists. Endless information requests, complaints to researchers universities, online harassme
13、nt, distortion of scientific findings and even threats of violence: these were all recurring experiences shared by researchers from a broad range of disciplines at a Royal Society-sponsored meeting last year that we organized to explore this topic. Orchestrated and well-funded harassment campaigns a
14、gainst researchers working in climate change and tobacco control are well documented. Some hard-line opponents to other research, such as that on nuclear fallout, vaccination, chronic fatigue syndrome or genetically modified organisms, although less resourced, have employed identical strategies. Suc
15、h attacks place scientists in a difficult position. Good researchers do not turn away when confronted by alternative views. However, their openness can be exploited by opponents who are keen to stall inconvenient research. When people object to science because it challenges their beliefs or jeopardi
16、zes their interests, they are rarely committed to informed debate. The progress of research demands transparency. But as scientists work to boost rigour, they risk making science more vulnerable to attacks. Awareness of tactics is paramount. Scientists should ignore critics who are abusive or illogi
17、cal and those that make the same points repeatedly despite refutations. Internet trolling has been associated with sadism and psychopathy. Engagement with such bad-faith actors can endanger scientists well-being in a way that university ethics committees would never condone in research on human subj
18、ects. All who participate in post-publication review should identify themselves. The drawbacks of anonymity ( its encouragement of bad behaviour) outweigh its advantages (for example, it allows junior people to criticize senior academics without fear of redress). Whats more, the scientific community
19、 should not indulge in games of gotcha (intentionally turning small errors against a person). Minor corrections and clarifications after publication should not be a reason to stigmatize fellow researchers. Scientific publications should be seen as “living documents,“ with corrigenda an accepted if u
20、nwelcome part of scientific progress. Similar attention must be devoted to stressors and threats to science that arise in response to research that is considered inconvenient. The same institutions and bodies that have scrutinized science must also start a conversation about how to protect it.(分数:10
21、.00)(1).The direct reason for transparency in doing science is(分数:2.00)A.the improvement of scientific knowledge.B.the popularity of social media.C.the irresproducibility of research findings.D.the prejudice against scientists.(2).We learn from Paragraph 2 that various attacks against scientists are
22、 launched(分数:2.00)A.secretly and momentarily.B.constantly and aggressively.C.voluntarily and violently.D.verbally and spiritually.(3).The word “condone“ (Para. 5) is closest in meaning to(分数:2.00)A.disregard.B.condemn.C.reaffirm.D.defame.(4).The author believes that, in face of the challenge from op
23、ponents, researchers should(分数:2.00)A.realize the importance of subtle tactics.B.feel no shame for their noble cause.C.have their names removed from papers.D.remain silent on sensitive issues.(5).Which of the following is the best title of the text?(分数:2.00)A.Openness Is What Is Essential to the Pro
24、gress of Science.B.A Frank Conversation: Protect Researchers from Attacks.C.The Prestige of the Scientific Community Is Often Stained.D.Research Integrity: Dont Let Transparency Damage Science.The NHS remains one of the reasons why people are proud to be British. It provides outstanding care to more
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- 考研 试卷 英语 185 答案 解析 DOC
