【考研类试卷】考研英语知识运用分类精讲文化教育类-(五)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲文化教育类-(五)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)As with other forms of nonverbal communication, the use of touch to communicate feelings and emotions varies widely from culture to culture. Edward T. Hall theorized that, (1) touch, two general cultural classes exi

2、st: contact and noncontact. He called cultures that (2) much contact contact cultures and (3) that permit little contact noncontact cultures.People in contact cultures (4) in closer proximity to each other. They touch more, face one another more directly, and utilize more eye contact than (5) in non

3、contact cultures. Contact cultures (6) most Arab countries, Mediterranean and Jewish people, Eastern Europeans, Russians, Hispanics, and Indonesians. Noncontact people (7) are from northern Europe, Japan, China, Korea, and other Far Eastern countries.The United States usually is (8) as a noncontact

4、culture, primarily because of its original European settlers. Touching behavior, (9) , varies among the different ethnic groups that make (10) the country. Blacks and Italian-Americansto (11) two examplestend to use touch rather widely to communicate closeness and affection. Anglo-Americans normally

5、 are (12) in touching others.Gender differences are (13) . Women seem to be touched by others more than men are, and men do more opposite-sex touching than women do. In the United States, touching (14) women is so embedded (15) the culture that it goes largely (16) . Men have more freedom to guide w

6、omen through doors or into cars or even to (17) them on the back. (18) men often is (19) as a sign of (20) or a sexual invitation.（分数：50.00）(1).A. due to B. in addition to C. in contrast to D. with regard to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. incur B. allow C. contain D. tolerate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. those B.

7、 ones C. which D. what（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. interact B. communicate C. cooperate D. integrate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. ones B. whom C. who D. those（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. include B. compose C. consist D. contain（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. overall B. typically C. strictly D. specially（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8)

8、.A. selected B. chosen C. classed D. entitled（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. nevertheless B. yet C. however D. though（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. up B. of C. from D. out（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. set B. offer C. make D. follow（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. refrained B. restrained C. restricted D. limited（分数：2.50）A.B.C.

9、D.(13).A. apparent B. seeming C. paradoxical D. indicative（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. of B. by C. on D. among（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. into B. in C. within D. upon（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. unnoticed B. unrecognized C. felt D. sensed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. pound B. hit C. pat D. strike（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(1

10、8).A. Likewise B. As C. Whereas D. However（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. received B. consumed C. perceived D. supposed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. intimacy B. hostility C. friendliness D. hatred（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.The family is the center of most traditional Asians lives. Many people worry about their families w

11、elfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often (1) , including several generations related by (2) or marriage living in the same home. An Asian persons misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the familyincluding the dead (3) .Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians,

12、respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty (4) them. Children repay their parents (5) by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a (6) part of life in China. (7) , taking care of the aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous (8) in the United States, where agi

13、ng and family support are not (9) highly. (10) , in the youth-oriented United States, growing old is seen as a bad thing, and many old people do not receive respect.Filipinos, the most Americanized of the Asians, are (11) extremely family-oriented. They are (12) to helping their children and will sa

14、crifice greatly for their children to get an education. (13) , the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who leave the country for economic reasons (14) send large parts of their income home to their parents.The Vietnamese family (15) people currently (16) as w

15、ell as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn. Any (17) or actions are done fiom family considerations, not individual desires. Peoples behavior is judged (18) whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The Vietnamese do not particularly believe in self-reliance; in this way, they are

16、 the (19) of people in the United States. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their (20) in the next life.（分数：50.00）(1).A. enlarged B. extended C. expanded D. lengthened（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. history B. interaction C. blood D. bond（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. pioneer B.

17、settlers C. immigrant D. ancestors（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. toward B. for C. of D. on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. contributions B. sufferings C. sacrifices D. tributes（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. formal B. natural C. regular D. peculiar（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. In comparison B. To the same extent C. In a way D. I

18、n contrast（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. relief B. responsibility C. burden D. business（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. rewarded B. honored C. eulogized D. complimented（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. In fact B. In return C. Yet D. As a result（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. meanwhile B. furthermore C. however D. only（分数：2.50）A.B.

19、C.D.(12).A. confined B. dedicated C. corresponded D. exposed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. In return B. In exchange C. In vain D. in turn（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. occasionally B. intentionally C. typically D. steadily（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. insists on B. consists of C. persists in D. resists to（分数：2.50）A.

20、B.C.D.(16).A. living B. lively C. alive D. life（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. incidences B. decisions C. accidents D. expedition（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. by B. for C. on D. in（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. counterpart B. opposite C. competitor D. opponent（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. station B. status C. stature D. s

21、tate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲文化教育类-(五)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)As with other forms of nonverbal communication, the use of touch to communicate feelings and emotions varies widely from culture to culture. Edward T. Hall theorized that, (1) touch, two general

22、cultural classes exist: contact and noncontact. He called cultures that (2) much contact contact cultures and (3) that permit little contact noncontact cultures.People in contact cultures (4) in closer proximity to each other. They touch more, face one another more directly, and utilize more eye con

23、tact than (5) in noncontact cultures. Contact cultures (6) most Arab countries, Mediterranean and Jewish people, Eastern Europeans, Russians, Hispanics, and Indonesians. Noncontact people (7) are from northern Europe, Japan, China, Korea, and other Far Eastern countries.The United States usually is

24、(8) as a noncontact culture, primarily because of its original European settlers. Touching behavior, (9) , varies among the different ethnic groups that make (10) the country. Blacks and Italian-Americansto (11) two examplestend to use touch rather widely to communicate closeness and affection. Angl

25、o-Americans normally are (12) in touching others.Gender differences are (13) . Women seem to be touched by others more than men are, and men do more opposite-sex touching than women do. In the United States, touching (14) women is so embedded (15) the culture that it goes largely (16) . Men have mor

26、e freedom to guide women through doors or into cars or even to (17) them on the back. (18) men often is (19) as a sign of (20) or a sexual invitation.（分数：50.00）(1).A. due to B. in addition to C. in contrast to D. with regard to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查短语辨析。由句中相关部分 two general cultural classes exist

27、: contact and non-contact(存在着两种普遍的文化类别，即接触文化和非文化接触)可知，前文提到 touch这个话题，后文是关于 touch的具体分类，所以空格处应填入 D项 with regard to“关于，对于”。A 项 due to“由于”，B 项 in addition to“除之外”，C 项 in contrast to“与相对而言”，均与句意不符。(2).A. incur B. allow C. contain D. tolerate（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。本句是对上句中提到的两种文化类别的解释。and 连接两个并列的宾语

28、及宾补成分，宾语分别由 that引导的定语从句修饰。因此，从后一个定语从句中的 permit可推断出前一个定语从句的空格处需填入一个与 permit意思相近的词。四个选项中，B 项 allow“允许”符合句意。(3).A. those B. ones C. which D. what（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查代词辨析。本题是对句子结构的理解，空格处需要填入一个指代 cultures的代词，B项 ones前要有 the，C 项的 which和 D项的 what填入空格处不符合语法规则。A 项 those是指示代词，在本句指代 cultures，为正确答案。(4).A.

29、interact B. communicate C. cooperate D. integrate（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。A 项 interact意为“相互作用”，B 项 communicate意为“交际，交流”，C项 cooperate意为“合作”，D 项 integrate意为“使成为一体”。根据句意应选 A项。(5).A. ones B. whom C. who D. those（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查代词辨析。句中 than后面缺少一个被比较的成分。由 than之前的比较成分 They (people in contac

30、t cultures)可知，空格处应填入 D项 those指代 people。(6).A. include B. compose C. consist D. contain（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。A 项 include意为“包括”，B 项 compose“组成”常用于被动语态：be composed of，C 项 consist“由组成”是不及物动词，常用表达是 A consists of B，D 项 contain意为“包含，容纳”。从句意和语法的角度考虑，A 项正确。(7).A. overall B. typically C. strictly D.

31、specially（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。上句指出了接触文化所涉及的国家，本句则指出非接触文化所涉及的国家。B项 typically“典型地，有代表性地”符合句意，是正确答案。(8).A. selected B. chosen C. classed D. entitled（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。结合上段最后两句的分析，本句是指美国的文化类别。A 项 select“精选”，B 项 choose“选择”，D 项 entitle“给以称号”均没有分类的意思。只有 C项 class“把分类”符合句意，因而是正确答案。(9).A

32、. nevertheless B. yet C. however D. though（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。A 项 nevertheless意为“然而”，B 项 yet意为“但是”，C 项 however意为“然而”，D 项 though意为“尽管”。四个选项都有转折的意义，但只有 however用在句中时，前后都需要逗号。因此正确答案为 C项。(10).A. up B. of C. from D. out（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。make up 意为“组成，构成”，be made of 意为“由组成”，C 项 be m

33、ade from意为“由制成”，D 项 make out意为“辨认出”。根据句意应选 A项。(11).A. set B. offer C. make D. follow（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。make 不能与 example搭配，可排除。set an example 意为“为树立榜样”，offer an example 意为“举个例子”，follow an example 意为“学习榜样”。根据句意 B项正确。(12).A. refrained B. restrained C. restricted D. limited（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.

34、解析：解析 考查动词辨析。本句和上句都旨在说明同一个国家不同种族的人接触行为也不尽相同。上句指出美国黑人和意大利人在表达亲密关系和爱意时倾向于运用身体接触。可以推断出，本句是指英裔美国人在接触别人时不可能像前者那样。A 项 refrained“克制”是不及物动词，只用于主动语态，C 项restricted“限制，使不出界限”和 D项 limited“限制”从意思看均不正确。只有 B项 restrained“克制，约束”既是及物动词，又符合句意(英裔美国人在接触别人时通常克制自己)。(13).A. apparent B. seeming C. paradoxical D. indicative（

35、分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。A 项 apparent意为“明显的”，B 项 seeming意为“表面上的”，C 项paradoxical意为“似是而非的”，D 项 indicative意为“指示的”。本句是本段的主题句，由下句的阐述可推断，空格处应填入 A项。(14).A. of B. by C. on D. among（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查介词辨析。四个选项代入文章中的意思分别是：touching of women“接触女人”，touching by women“被女人接触”，touching on women“接触到女人的身体

36、上”，touching among women“女人之间的接触”。根据句意应选 D项。(15).A. into B. in C. within D. upon（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查固定搭配。be embedded in 是固定搭配，意思是“根深蒂固于”。因此，B 项为正确答案。(16).A. unnoticed B. unrecognized C. felt D. sensed（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本句意为：在美国，女人之间的身体接触在其文化中的根基非常深，在多数情况它都_。C 项 felt和 D项 sensed均表示“感

37、觉到”，代入文中与句意不符。A 项unnoticed意为“不被注意的”，B 项 unrecognized意为“没被辨认的”。根据句意，应选 A项。(17).A. pound B. hit C. pat D. strike（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。A 项 pound意为“连续打击”，B 项 hit意为“打，撞击”，C 项 pat意为“轻触，轻拍”，D 项 strike意为“撞击”。由连接词 or之前的并列成分可推断，此处应填入 C项。pat them on the back意为“轻拍她们的背”。(18).A. Likewise B. As C. Whereas

38、 D. However（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。从意思上看，本句就男女接触对方身体这一情况作了对比，所以空格处需填入一个表示对比关系的词。因此，C 项 Whereas“然而”为正确答案。(19).A. received B. consumed C. perceived D. supposed（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。A 项 received意为“被接受的”；B 项 consumed意为“被消费的”；D 项supposed意为“被认为”，但不能与 as搭配，可用于以下搭配：be supposed to be“本认为是”。C项

39、 perceived“被理解为”可与 as搭配，从意思和语法来看均正确。(20).A. intimacy B. hostility C. friendliness D. hatred（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。B 项 hostility“敌视”和 D项 hatred“仇恨”不合句意，可排除。A 项intimacy意为“亲密关系”，C 项 friendliness意为“友好”。由空格后的 or可推断，空格处填入 A项更符合句意。The family is the center of most traditional Asians lives. Many peop

40、le worry about their families welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often (1) , including several generations related by (2) or marriage living in the same home. An Asian persons misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the familyincluding the dead (3) .Traditional Chi

41、nese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty (4) them. Children repay their parents (5) by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a (6) part of life in China. (7) , taking care of the aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous (8)

42、in the United States, where aging and family support are not (9) highly. (10) , in the youth-oriented United States, growing old is seen as a bad thing, and many old people do not receive respect.Filipinos, the most Americanized of the Asians, are (11) extremely family-oriented. They are (12) to hel

43、ping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an education. (13) , the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who leave the country for economic reasons (14) send large parts of their income home to their parents.The Vietnamese family

44、(15) people currently (16) as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn. Any (17) or actions are done fiom family considerations, not individual desires. Peoples behavior is judged (18) whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The Vietnamese do not particularly believe in self-

45、reliance; in this way, they are the (19) of people in the United States. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their (20) in the next life.（分数：50.00）(1).A. enlarged B. extended C. expanded D. lengthened（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。enlarge 指“把体积小的东西放大”，extend 指“扩展”，ex

46、pand 指“放大，扩大范围”，lengthen 多指“时间或长度上的拉长”。根据语境可知，此处是在说家庭的概念在扩展和延伸，所以答案应为 Bextended。(2).A. history B. interaction C. blood D. bond（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。空格后有一个明显的对应词marriage(婚姻)，四个选项中唯一能和婚姻一起构成家庭概念的只有 Cblood“血缘”。(3).A. pioneer B. settlers C. immigrant D. ancestors（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。根

47、据语境可知，本文在谈论家庭，Dancestors 意为“祖先”，符合这一主题，且符合此处语义，故答案为 D项。pioneer“先驱，先锋”，settler“定居者”，immigrant“移民”，均偏离了这一主题，不符合题意。(4).A. toward B. for C. of D. on（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查介词辨析。根据语境可知，空格处所在句意为：传统的中国人，包括许多其他的亚洲人，尊敬长者并且对他们怀有深深的责任感。Atoward 表示“对”，符合句意，为正确答案。其他三项均不符合题意。(5).A. contributions B. sufferings C.

48、 sacrifices D. tributes（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。空格处所在句意为：子女通过取得成功并在父母年老时赡养他们来回报他们的_。Csacrifices 意为“牺牲”，符合句意，为正确答案。contribution“贡献”，suffering“(遭受的)痛苦”，tribute“贡品。礼物”，均不符合题意。(6).A. formal B. natural C. regular D. peculiar（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：这在中国被认为是_。根据本文主线家庭是大多数亚洲人生活的中心，可知“

49、赡养父母”一定是中国人生活的一部分。四个选项中，Bnatural“自然的”，最强烈地表达了这一概念，因此答案为 B项。formal“正式的”，与题意无关：regular“常规的”，没有。natural 表达得强烈；peculiar“特别的”，不符合题意。(7).A. In comparison B. To the same extent C. In a way D. In contrast（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。根据空格上下文可见，这里是典型的转折关系。因此答案为 DIn contrast“相反地”。其他选项均不符合题意。(8).A. relief B. responsibility C. burden D. business（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。空格处所在句意为：与此相反，照顾年老的父母在美国被认为是一个沉重的_。Cburden“负担”，符合句意，为最佳选项。(9).A. rewarded B.