[外语类试卷]专业英语八级（文化教育类写作）模拟试卷4及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级（文化教育类写作）模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 1 Some people say that history is some factual evidence and thus cannot be changed. But when we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers becau

2、se we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. So do you agree to the statement that all historians are storytellers? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an ap

3、propriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will

4、 be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 2 Some educational systems emphasize the development of students capacities for reasoning and logical thinking, but there are some people arguing that students

5、would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions. Do you agree to their argument? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the

6、second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result

7、in a loss of marks. 3 “Many of the worlds lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct.“ Do you agree to the speakers statement above? Write an e

8、ssay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a

9、natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 4 When it comes to study approaches, some people hold the idea that students should bring certain skepticism to

10、whatever they study and they should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively, while others argue that listening to what professors teach is the most efficient and effortless approach. As college undergraduates, which approach do you agree to most? Write an essay of about 400 w

11、ords. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion

12、or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 5 Everybody dreams of attaining success in college, hoping that such success can help them find a good job or make a fortune in the

13、 future. However, many of us find it difficult to make it. How to attain success? What are your suggestions? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your opinion in response to Epsteins view, a

14、nd in the second part you should support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may res

15、ult in a loss of marks. 专业英语八级（文化教育类写作）模拟试卷 4答案与解析 一、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 1 【正确答案】 Historians Dress History in Different Ways Certainly, to a certain extent, historians must be storytellers because they have a story to t

16、ell. The term “storyteller“ seems to imply a greater amount of creativity than what is involved in actually explaining what has happened in history. Most historians do not have the benefit of having lived through the period of history that they are writing about. By researching through thousands of

17、old letters, legal documents, family heirlooms and the like, historians must look at fragments of history and somehow put these pieces together to reconstruct what actually happened. In this sense, they must be storytellers because inevitably, their personal insights become part of what others will

18、see when they read the historians writings. As an example, there are many differing opinions as to whether Thomas Jefferson actually fathered children with one of his slaves. Some historians have written that it is a virtual certainty, while others argue that it was his brother, rather than Thomas h

19、imself, that fathered the children. They both cannot be right. Although they are all historians, they are also storytellers giving their opinions on what version of events actually transpired. Even with todays events, there is room for opinions on the part of historians. An example showcasing the id

20、ea is that historians are already arguing vehemently what evidence the United States government had regarding potential terrorism prior to the incredible tragedy of September 11. 2001. Looking back now, it seems obvious that the government should have known that something on a large scale was going

21、to happen. With the benefit of hindsight. there were several failures in the governments counter-terrorism efforts. Historians will now argue over the exact version of what happened, as they become storytellers to try to explain 9/11 to future generations. Moreover, with the booming advancement of t

22、he Internet, divergent versions regarding one specific event begin to emerge so much so that it is hard, if not impossible to distinguish true from false. What we can actually see is just that each historian is weaving his or her own story, thus the identity of a storyteller is established. Therefor

23、e, when researching history, particularly when it concerns ancient history, all historians must be storytellers to a certain degree. “Connecting the dots“ of surviving evidence from the time period or event being examined requires a certain amount of personal intuition and supposition. 【试题解析】 本文的观点较

24、为单一，考生在下笔时可能会感觉理由不那么充分。范文作者巧妙地将理由按照时间顺序分述，即分别论述对于年代较久远的历史和近期发生的事件为何史学家的版本都难以保持统一。这种分类方式在议论文中并不常见，考生在面对类似议题时可以借鉴。另外，本文的第二大特点是例证占了很大份额，前面已经提到从说理人手并不容易，那么举例论证的方式就成了考生的不二选择。 【知识模块】 文化教育类 2 【正确答案】 Necessity of Reason and Logic The ability of a student to think clearly using reasoning and logical thinking

25、 is of paramount importance in order to ensure his or her success as an individual after graduation from a univer-sity. To be able to look at a situation and use logic and reason to analyze the facts and develop an opinion or solution is to have a solid foundation for success in all aspects of life.

26、 Exploring ones emotions is important, but it is outside of the realm of what can be learned in a university classroom. Emotional self-exploration is best done outside of a classroom situation, although there may be some opportunities for students in the classroom to learn a methodology for doing so

27、. The ability to survive and thrive in a society is based on the assumption that human beings act according to reason and logic. From a very early age, most people are taught that certain actions will bring about certain reactions and that by using logic you can figure out what the response will be

28、in most situations. Reasoning is also developed early on, although sometimes it is difficult to explain reasoning to a two-year-old child. Humans are probably born with a desire for reason and logic, as demonstrated by almost any childs incessant asking of the question “Why?“. As a result, the basic

29、 framework of most forms of human society requires that a person must act according to the demands of reason and logic. Rules of law are based on the concept that individuals respond to rules based on reasoning and logic. The ability to think according to logic and reason is so imperative that it is

30、 essential that it be taught to university students at even the highest levels. What if law schools and medical schools decided that it was more important to allow students to explore their own emotions at the expense of learning the latest laws or medical techniques? One of the main problems with e

31、mphasizing to students the importance of exploring ones own emotions is that it creates a “me first“ attitude towards their studies. Certainly a degree of self-introspection is necessary to deal with society, but to put emphasis on this above all else is to inculcate in the student the idea that he

32、or she is more important than others, and that what he or she thinks matters a great deal more than it probably does in reality. Too much emotional self-exploration could create individuals who see their emotions as more important than what they contribute to society, which would damage that society

33、 as a whole. 【试题解析】 文章开篇即明确提出了逻辑思维能力的重要性，又 和首段末尾提出情感探索不应属于教室里传授的内容。第二、三段由浅入深，从个人到社会逐层分析，指出逻辑与理性不仅是个人赖以生存的基石，更是整个社会秩序与法制不可或缺的，符合分论点按照重要性由小到大的排列顺序。结尾段提出如果没有逻辑与理性，可能会造成什么样的问题，从反面论证了逻辑与理性的重要意义，正反面论证结合，显得更加滴水不漏。 【知识模块】 文化教育类 3 【正确答案】 Preventing a Language from Extinction - Not That Necessary The speaker

34、asserts that the governments of countries where lesser-known languages are spoken should intervene to prevent these languages from becoming extinct. I agree insofar as a countrys indigenous and distinct languages should not be abandoned and forgotten altogether. At some point, however, I think cultu

35、ral identity should yield to the more practical considerations of day-to-day life in a global society. On the one hand, the indigenous language of any geographical region is part-and-parcel of the cultural heritage of the regions natives. In my observation we humans have a basic psychological need f

36、or individual identity, which we define by way of our membership in distinct cultural groups. A culture defines itself in various ways - by its unique traditions, rituals, mores, attitudes and beliefs, and languages. However, is it really worthwhile to preserve those languages from extinction, no ma

37、tter what the cost? On the other hand, in todays high-tech world of satellite communications, global mobility, and especially the Internet, language barriers serve primarily to impede cross-cultural communication, which in turn impedes international commerce and trade. Moreover, language barriers na

38、turally breed misunderstanding, a certain distrust and, as a result, discord, and even war among nations. Moreover, in my view the extinction of all but a few major languages is inexorable - as supported by the fact that the Internet has adopted English as its official language. Thus by intervening

39、to preserve a dying language a government might be deploying its resources to fight a losing battle, rather than to combat more pressing social problems - such as hunger, homelessness. disease and ignorance - that plague nearly every society today. Since resources a country can deploy are, more ofte

40、n than not, limited, especially for those whose languages are close to extinction, investing more on this would inevitably make resources available for that shrink. Just imagine, if a countrys people are suffering from malnutrition or even starvation, conflicts or even wars, diseases or even plague,

41、 how can it help by preserving a so-called distinct language? In sum, preserving indigenous languages is, admittedly, a worthy goal; maintaining its own distinct language affords people a sense of pride, dignity and self-worth. Nevertheless, the economic and political drawbacks of language barriers

42、outweigh the benefits of preserving a dying language. In the final analysis, government should devote its time and resources elsewhere, and leave it to the people themselves to take whatever steps are needed to preserve their own distinct languages. 【试题解析】 本文作者的大胆之处在于对题目中的陈述分而治之，即部分同意题目陈述，但主旋律还是反对的。

43、作者开篇就用 insofar as阐明了自己的想法，与陈述的一致意见也就到此为止了。下文中主要阐述之所以不大张旗鼓地保护本民族语言的原因所在，作者主要采用了反证法，详尽说明了穷一国之力保护语言可能造成的不利影响。有些考生担心自己说理不充分，在文章中谈对立观点则色变，实际上这种简单回避的鸵鸟政策非但不会增强论证的气势，还埋下了论述有失公允的隐患。 【知识模块】 文化教育类 4 【正确答案】 Skepticism Beneficial to Teaching and Learning The unquestioned role of a student is to learn as much as

44、 possible through whatever means it takes to ingrain that knowledge in the individual student. Teachers and professors are human beings and are therefore not perfect. No one knows the correct answer to every question even when you limit the questions to a certain field of study. Having certain skept

45、icism about what they are being taught can help students to make the teachers and professors even better by clarifying correct answers or correcting mistakes and misinformation . Students certainly have a huge role in their own abilities to learn. Teaching faculty should act more as guides along the

46、 way rather than trying to force each student to learn whatever it is that they are studying. The best teachers in the world cannot teach an unmotivated student. One of the best ways to become more active is simply to ask the teacher or professor questions. Students who passively sit in a classroom

47、and take everything that the teacher says for granted are not fully using their mental capacities to learn. Having a healthy skepticism can improve a students ability to both think and absorb knowledge in a learning situation. Students should practice a certain amount of skepticism in the classroom

48、as a means of fostering better communication between the teacher and the students. To sit passively receiving and digesting information from a teacher or a professor would be to assume that everything that the teacher says is absolutely correct. Teachers are human beings and no one is one hundred pe

49、rcent right all the time, even in a classroom situation. No professor or teacher is infallible. Perhaps a teacher would simply unconsciously say the wrong word or pass on some misinformation that the teacher truly believed was correct. Simply asking a question by the student could prevent an entire classroom from becoming confused or misinformed. There is of course a fine balance between a student having a healthy skepticism and just being a downright cynic. But with the proper attitude toward learning and a little skepticism