【考研类试卷】2015年南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析.doc

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1、2015 年南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.semi-finished product（分数：2.00）_3.online education（分数：2.00）_4.bilateral relations（分数：2.00）_5.economic recession（分数：2.00）_6.accident rate（分数：2.00）_7.emergency landing（分数：2.00）_8.space shuttle（分数：2.00）_munication satellite

2、（分数：2.00）_10.NASA（分数：2.00）_11.microprocessor（分数：2.00）_12.information highway（分数：2.00）_13.food security（分数：2.00）_14.face shield（分数：2.00）_15.awarding ceremony（分数：2.00）_16.cultural heritage（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_18.空气质量指数（分数：2.00）_网民_20.国际空间站（分数：2.00）_21.电子客票（分数：2.00）_22.机场巴十（分数：2.00）_23.互联网（分数：2.00）_24.登机牌（

3、分数：2.00）_25.安全检查（分数：2.00）_26.紧急出口（分数：2.00）_护照_28.高技术战争（分数：2.00）_主页_30.健康证明（分数：2.00）_31.飞机机组人员（分数：2.00）_32.常住人口（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉_34.Todays policemen in large cities throughout the world rely on modern inventions to help them in their work. In most places motor scooters and police

4、patrol cars have done away with the need to patrol on foot or on horseback. Policemen use telephones, conveniently located throughout their districts, to make immediate contact with headquarters. Radio, television, and computers help to speed the work of the modern force. Even boats and helicopters

5、are part of the equipment of metropolitan police departments. New technical inventions are widely used to fight crime and speed the solution for criminal cases. Electronic computers reduce from hours to minutes the time spent in searching for fingerprints. Witnessdescriptions of a criminal are coded

6、 and fed into a computer. The machine then sorts through the picture file of known criminals and selects the name and photograph of the most likely suspect. Lie detectors are used to uncover the truth.（分数：2.00）_35.Unhappiness comes either through fear or through vain and unbridled desire; but if a m

7、an controls these, he can win for himself the blessedness of understanding. Of desires, all that do not lead to a sense of pain, if they are not satisfied, are not necessary, but involve a desire which is easily dispelled, when the aim is hard to realize or they seem likely to produce harm. Wherever

8、 in the case of desires which are natural, but do not lead to a sense of pain, if they are not fulfilled, the effort is intense, such pleasures are due to idle imagination, and it is not owing to their own nature that they fail to be dispelled , but owing to the empty imagining of the man.The distur

9、bance of the soul cannot be ended nor true joy created either by the possession of the greatest wealth or by honor and respect in the eyes of the mob or by anything else that is associated with causes of unlimited desires. We must not violate nature, but obey her; and we shall obey her if we fulfill

10、 the necessary and natural desires, if they bring no harm to us. The man who follows nature and not vain opinions is independent in all things. For in reference to what is enough for nature every possession is riches, but in reference to unlimited desires even the greatest wealth is not riches but p

11、overty.Insofar as you are in difficulties, it is because you forget nature; for you create for yourself unlimited fears and desires. It is better for you to be free of fear lying upon a pallet, than to have a golden couch and a rich table and be full of trouble.（分数：2.00）_36.汉译英_37.人们常常把物理学定义为关于物质和能量

12、的科学，它主要涉及物质世界的定律和性质。这些内容分别成为密切相关的力学、热学、声学、电学、光学以及原子与核结构等学科中的研究领域。综合应用这些领域中所研究的原理，促成了机器时代的到来。像化学物理学和生物物理学这类新术语，就是物理学原理被广泛应用的明证，表明其应用范围甚至已扩展到生物机体的研究中。（分数：2.00）_38.工业部门和政府机构两个方面都必须对航空试验设备的规划和研制工作有个明确的指导思想。这种指导思想必须根据基本技术发展趋势，仔细地把发展件设备规划同技术目标和商业目标联系起来。规划获准的环境条件会对这样的规划产生强烈的影响。通常，最困难的问题是能否及早筹集大笔基建投资，以便适时提供

13、设备，满足实际研制工作的需要。 人们通常根据飞行任务的类型来考察各种各样的未来航空器，并试图从下述五个重要方面来判断基本的技术发展趋势：总重、尺寸、飞行高度、最大飞行进度以及提供的推力与功率。在所有这五个方面都存在着明显的发展趋势，它们强烈显示出对新设备的需求。（分数：2.00）_2015 年南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.semi-finished product（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：半成品)解析：3.online education（分数：2.00）

14、_正确答案：(正确答案：网络教育)解析：4.bilateral relations（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：双边关系)解析：5.economic recession（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：经济衰退)解析：6.accident rate（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：事故发生率)解析：7.emergency landing（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：紧急降落)解析：8.space shuttle（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：航天飞机)解析：munication satellite（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：通信卫

15、星)解析：10.NASA（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：美国国家航空航天局(National Aero nautics and Space Administration)解析：11.microprocessor（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：微处理器)解析：12.information highway（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：信息高速公路)解析：13.food security（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：粮食安全)解析：14.face shield（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：面罩)解析：15.awarding ceremony（分

16、数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：颁奖仪式)解析：16.cultural heritage（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：文化遗产)解析：17.汉译英_解析：18.空气质量指数（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Air Quality Index(AQI)解析：网民_正确答案：(正确答案：netizen)解析：20.国际空间站（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：International Space Station)解析：21.电子客票（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：electronic ticket)解析：22.机场巴十（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确

17、答案：airport bus)解析：23.互联网（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Internet)解析：24.登机牌（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：boarding pass)解析：25.安全检查（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：security check)解析：26.紧急出口（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：emergency exit)解析：护照_正确答案：(正确答案：passport)解析：28.高技术战争（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：high-tech war)解析：主页_正确答案：(正确答案：homepage)解析：30.健康证明（分

18、数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：health certificate)解析：31.飞机机组人员（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：aircrew)解析：32.常住人口（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：permanent population)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.Todays policemen in large cities throughout the world rely on modern inventions to help them in their work. In most places motor sco

19、oters and police patrol cars have done away with the need to patrol on foot or on horseback. Policemen use telephones, conveniently located throughout their districts, to make immediate contact with headquarters. Radio, television, and computers help to speed the work of the modern force. Even boats

20、 and helicopters are part of the equipment of metropolitan police departments. New technical inventions are widely used to fight crime and speed the solution for criminal cases. Electronic computers reduce from hours to minutes the time spent in searching for fingerprints. Witnessdescriptions of a c

21、riminal are coded and fed into a computer. The machine then sorts through the picture file of known criminals and selects the name and photograph of the most likely suspect. Lie detectors are used to uncover the truth.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 如今，全球很多大城市的警察都借助现代发明进行工作。在大多数地方，小型摩托车和警察巡逻车已经取代了步行或在马背上巡逻。各区

22、便捷的电话网使警察能及时地与总部取得联系；无线电、电视以及计算机也有助于提高现代警察的工作效率；甚至连船只和直升机也成了一些大城市警察部门的装备，新技术发明已广泛运用于打击犯罪，加速案件的侦破，电子计算机将指纹搜索所花费的时间从几个小时减少到了几分钟。证人对犯罪分子的描述被编码并输入计算机，计算机将所掌握的罪犯照片案卷进行分类，选出潜在嫌疑犯的姓名和照片；测谎仪也被用来帮助揭露真相。)解析：35.Unhappiness comes either through fear or through vain and unbridled desire; but if a man controls th

23、ese, he can win for himself the blessedness of understanding. Of desires, all that do not lead to a sense of pain, if they are not satisfied, are not necessary, but involve a desire which is easily dispelled, when the aim is hard to realize or they seem likely to produce harm. Wherever in the case o

24、f desires which are natural, but do not lead to a sense of pain, if they are not fulfilled, the effort is intense, such pleasures are due to idle imagination, and it is not owing to their own nature that they fail to be dispelled , but owing to the empty imagining of the man.The disturbance of the s

25、oul cannot be ended nor true joy created either by the possession of the greatest wealth or by honor and respect in the eyes of the mob or by anything else that is associated with causes of unlimited desires. We must not violate nature, but obey her; and we shall obey her if we fulfill the necessary

26、 and natural desires, if they bring no harm to us. The man who follows nature and not vain opinions is independent in all things. For in reference to what is enough for nature every possession is riches, but in reference to unlimited desires even the greatest wealth is not riches but poverty.Insofar

27、 as you are in difficulties, it is because you forget nature; for you create for yourself unlimited fears and desires. It is better for you to be free of fear lying upon a pallet, than to have a golden couch and a rich table and be full of trouble.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 苦恼或源于恐惧，或源于无益且毫无节制的欲望。然而，倘若一个人

28、能克制欲望，他便可以为自己赢得彻悟人生的幸福。在种种欲望之中，所有那些即使无法满足也并不导致痛苦者，均属不必需之列；而当其所求之目标难以实现或似乎有可能带来危害时，此类欲望随即烟消云散。有些自然的欲望即使无法实现也并不带来痛苦之感，而人们却求之不舍，此类快乐均源于无聊的想象，其所以未能驱散，并非本质使然，实乃根因于人之幻想。 无论是拥有巨额财富，还是荣誉，还是芸芸众生的仰慕，或任何其他导致无穷欲望的身外之物，都无法了结心灵的烦扰，更不能带来真正的快乐。我们不可悖逆天性，而应顺性而为：而所谓顺性，乃是去满足不带来危害的必需的以及自然的欲望。顺性而不为妄言蛊惑者，可独立于天地之间。凡满足天性者，一点一滴便足以使人富有；而若是填补欲壑，纵然是万贯家财，所带来的也不是富有，而是贫困。 你之所以困难重重，乃因忘却了天性；是你为自己制造了无穷的恐惧与欲望。与其锦衣玉食却忧心忡