广东省广州市天河区2019高考英语二轮复习阅读理解及解析（科普类）03专题训练（含解析）.doc

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1、1阅读理解（科普类）03六、Most damagingly, anger weakens a persons ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what ange

2、rs one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultaral forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels(决斗) as an appro

3、priate expression of anger resulting from one persons awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left

4、 prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向）that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced and. as a result of this, were likely to react. And our behavioural respon

5、se to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and thing

6、s that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are. the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and contro

7、l the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称 ) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry 2lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry re

8、sponse. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring sitaation.61. The “duels“ example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger .A. usually has a biological basis B. varies among peopleC.

9、is socially and culturally shaped D. influences ones thinking and evaluation62. What changes can be found in an angry brain?A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C. Electrical activity corresponds to ones behaviour.D.Electrical activity ag

10、rees with ones disposition.63. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A. Approaching the source of anger. B. Trying to control what is disliked.C. Moving away from what is disliked. D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.64. What is the key message of the last paragraph?A. How anger

11、differs from other emotions. B. How anger relates to other emotions.C. Behavioural responses to anger. D. Behavioural patterns of anger.【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文介绍了一些与愤怒有关的表现以及医学原理和人们生气的时候表现出的行为模式。61. 【答案】C 推理题。根据文章第二段 In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too s

12、ocially harmful to be tolerated.在当代社会里，愤怒的肢体表现被认为是对社会有伤害而不能被容忍。但是在古代却又着决斗这样的行为，说明愤怒的表现形式是由不同的社会和文化形成的。故 C正确。62. 【答案】B 3细节题。根据第三段 3,4行 But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced可知当我们生气的时候，脑电图在额叶前部会出现不平衡的现象。故 B正确。63. 【答案】A 细节题。根据文章第四段 3,4,5行 The angrier we are.

13、 the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. 可知当我们生气的时候，我们很可能靠近让我们生气的对象。这是典型的 offensive anger的表现。故 A正确。64

14、. 【答案】D 段落大意题。根据本段 1,2行 Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour及 Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour中的 approach behaviour和 avoidance behaviour可知本段讲述的是愤怒的时候，人们表现出的行为模式。故 D正确。七、A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lect

15、ures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（笔记本电脑）.Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）. But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiment

16、s that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual n

17、ote-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.4The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and apply

18、ing the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers report said, “While more notes arc beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, s

19、tudents took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead

20、 to superior revision in the future.21.More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can .A. write more notes B. digest concepts betterC. get higher scores D. understand lectures better22.While taking notes, laptop users tend to be .A. skillful B. mindlessC. thoughtful D. tireles

21、s23.The author of the passage aims to .A. examine the importance of long-term memoryB. stress the benefit of taking notes by handC. explain the process of taking notesD. promote the use of laptops24. The passage is likely to appear in .A. a newspaper advertisement B. a computer textbookC. a science

22、magazine D. a finance report【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】作者在本文中讲述了一次实验:使用笔记本电脑记笔记和手动记笔记的学生进行对比。结果发现手动记笔记的学生表现更好，告诉我们需要进行手动记笔记，而不是使5用电脑。21.【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第二段第一句 Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）.可知学生越来越多使用电脑记笔记是因为速度和清晰度。也就是说使用笔记本电脑记笔记速度更快，可以记录更多的内

23、容。故 A正确。22. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据第三段 Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said. 研究人们做实验是为了发现使用笔记本电脑记笔记是否会让人处于一种无意识的状态之中，只是机械地输入。而实验结果说明用笔记本记录的学生表现不如使用钢笔记录的人。说明使用

24、笔记本记录的确会让人有 mindless的感觉。故 B正确。23. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段 These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.可知手动记笔记对于短期长期记忆都有好处，也就说本文强调我们需要进行手动记笔记，而不是使用电脑。故 B正确。24. 【答案】C 【试题解

25、析】推理题。本文通过讲述一个实验结论告诉我们手动记笔记对于短期长期记忆都有好处，学生的表现比使用电脑记笔记更好。不会是广告，电脑教科书也不会是金融报告，这属于教学类的科学研究。故 C正确。【长难句解析】1.A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops。【翻译】一项新的研究显示上课时手动写笔记的学生在考试中要比使用笔记本电脑的学生表现更好。【分析】本句中动词 show后面宾语从句的引导词 that被省略了，这

26、个宾语从句中含有定语从句 who write notes by hand during lectures修饰 students；另外一个定语从句6who use laptops修饰 those。2.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.【翻译】这两个使用都说明手动写笔记不仅对于即时学习和理

27、解有好处，而且会导致未来的表现更好。【分析】本句中的动词 suggest表示“说明，暗示” ，并不是“建议” ；另外句中的宾语从句 that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.较长，谓语部分是有 not onlybut also连接。八、Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees co

28、mmunicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, th

29、e opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.Nitrogen（氮） and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌） networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just

30、 the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神经元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explai

31、ns how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of

32、 survival for the entire forest.7“We didnt take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental

33、protection efforts for the future.29.The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees .A. compete for survivalB. protect their own wealthC. depend on each otherD. provide support for dying trees30.“Mother trees” are extremely important because they .A. look the

34、 largest in size in the forestB. pass on nutrition to young treesC. seem more likely to be cut down by humansD. know more about the complex “tree societies”31.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .A. how “tree societies” workB. how trees grow oldC. how forestry industry developsD

35、. how young trees survive32.What would be the best title for the passage?A. Old Trees Communicate Like HumansB. Young Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionC. Trees Are More Awesome Thart You ThinkD. Trees Contribute To Our Society【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文主要讲述了森立的树木会通过“tree societies”把自己的财富交给下一代。并详细说明了这一发现的具体内

36、容。29. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据本句 Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc 8competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: 可知达尔文认为树是相互竞争以获得生存。但是 Simard的实验发现达尔文是错误的。实际上：与达尔文的理论相反的观点是正确的。也就是说树不是竞争生存，而是考相互合作，相互依靠生存下来的。故 C正确。30. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根

37、据文章第四段 Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.可知“mother trees”通常都是其他的树依赖的大树，它承担这向小树输送养料的作用。ACD 三项都是片面的理解。故 B正确。31. 【答案】A【试题解析】推理题。根据第四段最后三行和最后一段第一行 When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree so

38、cieties” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didnt take any notice of it.”当人们意识不到这种复杂的 “tree societies”情况下砍倒了 mother trees，我们就减少了整个森林幸存的机会。最后一段第一句中的 it就是指 complex “tree societies”。故 A正确。32. 【答案】C 【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段 Would it surpri

39、se you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?可知树和动物一样，能够把自己的财富交个下一代。这比人们原来的看法完全不一样，树比我们认为地更聪明。故 C正确。【长难句解析】UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.【翻译】UBC 的教授 Simard树木要比我我们很多人想象得还要复杂。【分析】本节中的动词 explain后面含有一个 how引导的宾语从句 how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.这个从句中有一个比较从句 most of us ever imagined。9