(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十三主旨大意_段落大意题优选习题.doc
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1、1十三、主旨大意段落大意题(2018江苏,B)In the 1760s,Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consomm.Although the main attraction was the soup,Rozes chain shops also set a new standard for dining out,which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.To
2、day,scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat:diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食 ) when their plates matched their food.When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white
3、one,customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters,too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness,they couldnt tell how much theyd had:those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else,but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller,and they were just as ready for de
4、ssert.Time is money,but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast-food places,fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round:put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When classical,rather than po
5、p,music was playing, diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect:diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer 2and spent more than those who smelled lemon,or no scent.Meanwhile,things that you might expect to discourage spending“bad” tables,crowdi
6、ng,high pricesdont necessarily.Diners at bad tablesnext to the kitchen door,sayspent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about bad tables, ” given that theyre profitable.As for crowds,a Hong Kong study found that they incre
7、ased a restaurants reputation,suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffets price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要通过引入现代餐馆的鼻祖马蒂兰罗兹制订的标准以及学者对于餐馆的研究来介绍现代餐馆在经营中影响食客消费的几个要素:视觉要素餐具、灯光、听觉要素音乐 、嗅觉要素 气味、其他要素桌位、拥挤程度和价格。本文旨在通过现代餐馆的经营理念,让考生了解西方现代餐馆的经营之道。
8、58.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .A.not aware of eating more than usual B.not willing to share food with othersC.not conscious of the food quality D.not fond of the food provided答案 A解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“.those given extra-large shares
9、 ate more than everyone else,but were none the wiser they didnt feel fuller.”可知,那些被给以大份饭菜的食客比其他人吃得多,但他们没觉得更饱,这说明在黑暗的就餐环境下,食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少,所以此处的 none the wiser是“不清楚,不知道”之意。故选 A项。59.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A.Playing classical music.B.Introducing lemon scent.C.Making the light brigh
10、ter.D.Using plates of larger size.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When classical,rather than pop,music was playing,diners spent more.”可知,当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时候,食客们会3花更多的钱。spent more 就是对题干中 make more profit的语意转化。故选 A项。60.What does the last paragraph talk about?A.Tips to attract more customers.B.Problems restaurants
11、are faced with.C.Ways to improve restaurants reputation.D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.答案 D解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段首句中的“things that you might expect to discourage spendingbadtables,crowding,high pricesdont necessarily”可知,你可能认为会打消你消费的念头的东西位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高未必如此(指在某些人看来,这些不利因素未必不会带来利润的增加)。由此可知,作者认为
12、这些对于餐馆的常见观点是一种误解,故选 D项。一、题型解读段落大意类题型多在说明文和议论文中进行考查,这类文章涉及多种话题如社会文化类、科普说明类等。设问形式常有:(1)What does the last paragraph talk about?(2)The main idea of the second paragraph probably is .(3)What is the main idea of the first paragraph?(4)The first paragraph is mainly about .二、解题技巧“首尾兼顾”知段意首 尾 兼 顾 知 段 意(1)段首
13、:说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首句(2)段尾:先表述细节,后归纳概括,段落中心在段尾关 键 点 : 抓 住 段 落 的 主 题 句(3)段中间:先用一句或几句话引出要表达的主题,再陈述主题,再论述细节,即引出主题段落中心再论述(4)没有明显段落中心时,需概括段落内容,总结段落中心4例如:【真题感悟】 中第 60题,根据文章最后一段第一句“Meanwhile,things that you might expect to discourage spendingbad tables,crowding,high pricesdont necessarily.”可知,你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如
14、:不好的桌子、拥挤以及高价等不一定会影响人们的消费,然后依次举例进行了证明,所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解,故选 D。A“Its expensive to be poor.” I heard the last words of my interview with CNNs Don Lemon as if someone else were speaking them.July 9,2014 was my 32nd birthday.I was supposed to be out with friends,having found the rare babysitter for my
15、 twins.Instead,I was on national television.It wasnt right;it wasnt me.I was the mommy blogger who sometimes did funny things that attained a few thousand hits to my blog or Facebook page.Now I had television and literary agents calling me.People were thinking this thing was worth money.When my essa
16、y about driving to a food bank in my husbands Mercedes went famous,people immediately started heralding(宣称) me as an “overnight success”.It was true in its way.The success itself was overnight.What people dont realize is that the luck of going famous was based on a mountain of hard work,on years of
17、effort.Theres a frustrating truth to success in the Internet age:In order for your work to reach an audience,someone with power has to give it a chance, and in order for someone with power to give it a chance,it has to have an audience.And before any of that can happen,you have to believe in yoursel
18、f enough to keep going even when all you get in return is rejection.Just as I was about to give up:Boom! Suddenly, one piece out of thousands finally hit.But even with the Mercedes food bank essay,it wasnt an easy sell.Id written that piece months before and sent it to every place I could think of.R
19、adio silence, The Washington Post itself rejected me.Eventually The Post sent it along to its new online section PostEverything.And it got noticed.Within hours of hitting the site,it became PostEverythings top story.The Washington Post moved it to the main page,where it became the No.1 story of the
20、day,then of the month,then of the year.It now stands as The Posts most read story in its history,according to my editor 5there.I just keep reminding myself that the way of the Internet success is:belief in yourself,someone in power giving you a chance,and audience participation.Now,a month after the
21、 original post,I have redoubled my writing efforts,using my 15-minute fame to get my essay seen by larger publications.1.What can we learn from the passage?A.CNN is the first media that found the authors essay.B.The author who was born in 1982 must be good at writing.C.People think what the author w
22、rites is the thing that they want in their life.D.The author asked others to look after her twins to take part in a birthday party.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“July 9,2014 was my 32nd birthday.”及下文“When my essay about driving to a food bank in my husbands Mercedes went famous,people immediately started hera
23、lding(宣称) me as an overnight success.”可以判断作者出生于 1982年,由于自己写的一篇文章而出名,故可推断出作者擅长写作。2.Whats the basic element in getting success in the authors opinion?A.A good quantity of great efforts.B.A great amount of good luck.C.Topics suitable for the public.D.Modern Internet technique.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What
24、people dont realize is that the luck of going famous was based on a mountain of hard work,on years of effort.”可知人们不知道的是,成名的运气是建立在艰苦奋斗的基础上的,作者认为成名需要大量的努力和付出。3.It can be inferred that the Mercedes food bank essay .A.was the authors first essayB.was first recognized by RadioC.appeared on The Washington
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