（天津专用）2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破六推理判断_写作意图题优选习题.doc

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1、1六、推理判断写作意图题(2018北京，C)Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the

2、stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down

3、 about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their massapparently broken down by enzymes(酶) f

4、rom the worms 2stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon-c

5、arbon bond，is there as well， ” she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous

6、 studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme

7、to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take pla

8、stics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“.found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene.”和第二句中的“the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams”可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解

9、塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项 C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。344.According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to .A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The next step.Is it an enzyme produ

10、ced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)？”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。选项 B “查明酶的来源”与此吻合。45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“

11、But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply millions of worms.”可知，研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品，而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。46.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To pr

12、esent a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.答案 C解析 写作意图题。作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项 C与此意吻合。一、题型解读4各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。设问形式常有：1.整篇文章的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer writes this passage in order to .(2)The purpose of the text is to .(3)What is the main pur

13、pose of the passage?(4)The writer of the story wants to tell us that .2.某处细节的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer uses.in the first paragraph to .(2)The writer uses the example of.to .(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .二、解题技巧1.文体特点推意图(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。(2)应用文：

14、文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点进行论证得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2.看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有 to bring in/to introduce the topic等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有 to support/to show.例如：【真题感悟】中的第 46题，文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现蠕虫可以分解塑料。因此可以推断该篇文章的写作意图是告诉读者一种新的分解塑

15、料的方法。A(2018天津部分区县二模)Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots and a tent.A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can reset your circadian clock and help you get more sleep.5The circadian clock，more commonly known as the body c

16、lock，is an internal system that tells our bodies when its time to go to sleep and when its time to go to wake up.Scientists track this clock by measuring the amount of melatonin(褪黑激素) circulating in a persons blood at any given time.In a healthy sleeper，melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedti

17、me，stay high through the night，and then settle back down when its time to wake up.In our modern society，however，most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would probably sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could.And the trouble is，your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock

18、goes off in the morning，which leads to grogginess.It may also have other health consequences as well，such as diabetes(糖尿病)，overweight and heart disease.Professor Kenneth Wright of the University of Colorado in the US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature.His team re

19、cruited 14 physically active volunteers in their 20s and 30s.Nine went on a weekend camping trip，while the other five stayed home.At the end of the weekend，the researchers reported that in just two days，the campers body clocks had shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hou

20、r earlier than they did before they left on the trip.By contrast，the body clocks of the group that stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend.“This tells us we can reset our clocks fast， ” Wright said.Therefore，if you want to change your sleep patterns，you could try to increase yo

21、ur exposure to nature light during the day and decrease the amount of artificial light you see at night.And if that doesnt work，theres always camping.1.The author wrote this article mainly to .A.explain why it is bad for our health not to sleep enough B.inform us of a possible way to adjust the circ

22、adian clock C.analyze how the circadian clock influences our sleeping habits D.explore how the circadian clock is connected with melatonin levels6答案 B解析 写作意图题。根据文章内容“A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can reset your circadian clock and help you get more sleep.”可

23、知，作者写作本文主要是告诉我们一种调整生物钟的可行的方法。2.The underlined word “grogginess” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”.A.tiredness B.excitementC.refreshment D.pressure答案 A解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“And the trouble is，your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning，which leads to grogginess.”

24、和第三段内容可知，褪黑激素是促进睡眠的，如果早上闹钟响起而体内褪黑激素依然保持较高水平，那么人应该是会感到疲劳的。故可推知， “grogginess”指的是“疲劳” 。3.How does the author develop the passage? A.By categorization.B.By comparison.C.By the order of time.D.By the order of space.答案 B解析 篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，作者是将待在室内与待在室外的人进行比较，得出的结论。by categorization归类；by comparison比较；by the

25、 order of time按时间顺序；by the order of space 按空间顺序。4.What did Wrights team discover from their experiment? A.The body clocks of the two groups didnt show much difference.B.The body clocks of those who stayed home remained the same.C.Those staying outdoors reset the clock inside their bodies over a shor

26、t period.D.Changes to the circadian clock dont necessarily affect melatonin levels in our bodies.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据文章第六段的内容可知，通过对比两组人群的睡眠表现发现，那些7待在户外的人可以在短时间内调整好生物钟。5.According to the article，wed better to improve our sleeping habit.A.spend weeks sleeping outdoors B.try to reduce melatonin levels at ni

27、ght C.set an alarm clock to go off every morning D.expose ourselves to more nature light in the day and less artificial light at night 答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，我们可以通过待在户外，接触更多的自然光以及夜晚减少照射人造光来改变我们的睡眠习惯。B(2018河西区一模)One evening I went out and left my 17-year-old son in charge of his 8-year-old brother and

28、 4-year-old sister.On this occasion，the work was made less troublesome by the presence of his girlfriend.I left with complete confidence that the older children would do a wonderful job of babysitting the younger children.Later，I discovered that complete confidence was the last thing I should have l

29、eft home with.I had decided to return home earlier than planned so that my son and his girlfriend could go out.I called home with this happy news.But instead of hearing his cheerful，grateful voice on the other end of the line，all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing.It was，I should point out

30、，after 10 p.m.，when the two younger children should have been in bed，and when the two older children should have been answering the phone.“Ill give him a lesson， ” I said.I decided they must be outside.Why they might be outside at 1030 on a winter night？I had no idea，but it was the only explanation

31、I could come up with.Finally，in desperation，I called his girlfriends house.After what seemed like countless rings，his girlfriend answered.“Yes， ” she said brightly， “Hes right here.”8He came to the phone.I was not my usual calm，rational self.After all，one of the rules of survival for modern parents

32、is that you cant trust modern teenagers.“Where are the children？” I said.He said they were with him.They had done nothing wrong.My son had taken the younger children over to his girlfriends house just for ice cream and cake.This was too good to be believed.Well，it turned out that I shouldnt have bel

33、ieved it.It was only part of the truth.The following Saturday evening we were at my parents home，celebrating my birthday.My oldest son gave me the childrens gifts.Mounted and framed were a series of lovely color photographs of my children，dressed in their best clothes，and wearing their most wonderfu

34、l expressions.They are pictures to treasure a lifetime，all taken by the father of my sons girlfriend.6.The author went out and left her eldest son in charge of the younger children because .A.she knew that her eldest son was a good baby-sitterB.she thought it no hard work to take care of the younger

35、 onesC.she believed he could do well with his girlfriends helpD.she could not find a baby-sitter on that winter night答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“On this occasion，the work was made less troublesome by the presence of his girlfriend.I left with complete confidence that the older children would do a wonder

36、ful job of babysitting the younger children.”可知，作者离开时非常自信，认为在他女朋友的帮助下，年纪大的孩子可以照顾好小孩子。7.When the author called home that evening，she found that .A.there was no one answering the telephoneB.the children were preparing a birthday gift for herC.her son was quarrelling with his girlfriendD.her son had br

37、ought his girlfriend home答案 A9解析 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing”可知，作者听到的只有电话铃声，家里没人接电话。8.According to Paragraph 3， “it” means .A.the two younger children have been in bedB.the older children have been answering the phoneC.the author will give her older son a lessonD.

38、the older son went outside with his girlfriend答案 D解析 代词指代题。根据第三段中的“I decided they must be outside.Why they might be outside at 1030 on a winter night？”可知，it 指的是作者的大儿子和他的女朋友出去了。9.What might the children do that evening?A.They had a birthday party.B.They had their pictures taken.C.They framed some pho

39、tographs.D.They made some beautiful clothes.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，作者收到的孩子们的礼物是一些照片“all taken by the father of my sons girlfriend”而且这些照片都是儿子女朋友的爸爸拍的，可见吃冰淇淋和蛋糕并不是孩子们做的所有的事情，他们还给妈妈准备了生日礼物。10.What does the author intend to tell us by the story?A.Modern teenagers are not worth trusting.B.It is no easy jo

40、b to look after young children.C.It is no good to have a girlfriend at an early age.D.Her children have a caring and tender heart.答案 D解析 写作目的题。文章通过描述了孩子们为妈妈精心准备珍贵的照片作为生日礼物，说明孩子们的关心和体贴。10题型组合练(九).单项填空1.No one was hurt in the accident，and we all breathed a sigh of .(2018宿迁高一期中)A.relief B.surpriseC.emb

41、arrassment D.disappointment答案 A解析 句意为：在事故中没人受伤，我们都宽慰地松了一口气。relief 轻松，宽慰；surprise惊奇；embarrassment 尴尬；disappointment 失望。根据句意，故选 A项。2.Last month， part of Britain was struck by snowstorms，from effects most passengers in Heathrow were suffering a lot，especially those with children.A.which B.what C.that D

42、.whose答案 D解析 句意为：上个月，英国的一部分地区遭到了暴风雪的袭击，在 Heathrow的大多数乘客都深受其苦，特别是那些有孩子的人。此处 snowstorms是先行词，与 effects有所属关系，故用 whose引导定语从句，whose 在从句中作定语，故答案为 D。3.I wonder what makes you a good salesperson.I as a waiter for three years，which contributes a lot to my todays work.A.serve B.have servedC.had served D.served

43、答案 D解析 句意为：我想知道什么使你成为一个优秀的销售员。我当过三年的服务员，这对我现在的工作有很大帮助。根据句意，回答者现在是一名优秀的销售员，做服务员的三年发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。故选 D。4.It was already late，so when I came to the street，there was nobody .A.in advance B.in turnC.in return D.in sight答案 D11解析 句意为：天早已经晚了，当我到街上的时候，看不见任何人。in advance 预先，提前； in turn 轮流；in return 作为回报；in sig

44、ht 看得见。根据句意，故选 D项。5.How long do you expect it before the African can keep the disease under control?As soon as possible.A.is B.has beenC.will be D.will have been答案 C解析 句意为：你预料要过多久之后非洲人才能控制住这一疾病？尽快。固定句式：It will be 一段时间before.，多久之后才会，并由答句“As soon as possible.”可知句子用一般将来时态。故选 C。6.Next door to ours ，who

45、seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.A.are living a black coupleB.live a black coupleC.are a black couple livingD.do a black couple live答案 B解析 表示地点的状语 Next door to ours置于句首，且主语为名词“a black couple”，所以句子要用完全倒装，完全倒装一般不出现进行时态，故选 B项。句意为：我们隔壁住着一对黑人夫妇，他们似乎已经在这个社区定居很久了。故选 B。7.Look at

46、the noisy kids!Havent you heard the saying “ ”？A.Theres plenty of fish in the seaB.All that glitters is not goldC.When the cat is away，the mice will playD.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush答案 C解析 Theres plenty of fish in the sea天涯何处无芳草；All that glitters is not gold闪光的未必都是金子；When the cat is

47、away，the mice will play 山中无老虎，12猴子称霸王；A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。句意为：看这些吵闹的孩子。你没听说过“山中无老虎，猴子称霸王”吗？根据句意可知选 C。8. fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you beB.Should you beC.Could you beD.Might you be答案 B解析 句意为：你如果被解雇了，你的医疗保险和其他的利益

48、不会被立刻取消。本题考查了虚拟语气的倒装。如果虚拟语气的条件从句中的谓语动词中含有 were，had，should；有时可将 if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于 were，had，should 之后，构成倒装。故选 B。9.How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A.them B.oneC.those D.it答案 D解析 句意为：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有

49、人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想？固定表达 how would you like it if.，在此结构中 it代替后面 if从句的内容。10.After a long vacation，Mike came back .A.freshly and stronglyB.being fresh and strongC.fresh and strongD.to be fresh and strong答案 C解析 句意为：长假后，麦克回来时精力充沛。作主语补足语，对主语补充说明或对主语状态的描述用形容词。副词是对动词的修饰， “精力充沛”是对人而言的，不是对动作“came back”而言的，所以 A项错误。13.阅读理解Most parents will tell you that travelling internationally with kids is no day at the beach.“For families with