备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过考点04代词（含解析）.doc

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1、1考点 04 代词【命题解读】冠词是历年高考的必考点，常出现在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中。但从整套试题来看，在短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解等题型中对冠词的隐性考查可谓无处不在。在日常交际中，几乎每说一句话、每写一篇 日 记 、 每 读 一 篇 文 章 都 会 涉 及 冠 词 的 运 用 。 故 不 论 高 考 的 考 查 形 式 如 何 变 化 ， 冠 词 仍 应 是 高 考 复 习 的 重点 。【命题预测】预计 2019 年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。【复习建议】 1. 掌握冠词的基本用法

2、；2. 掌握冠词的习惯用法；3. 掌握冠词的活用；4. 多做练习，提高熟悉语境的能力。高考频度： 代词的考查要点代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。一、 人称代词1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why me？John is sitting there doing noth

3、ing.句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。2The thief was thought to be he.(the thief 是主格，故用 he 替代)They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me 是宾格，故用 her 替代)作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.在比较级的句子中 than、as 后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than

4、me(I).但在下列句中有区别：I like Jack as much as her.I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.I like Jack and she likes him，too.2.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，I总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格 me 也一样。You，she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.1.（2018新课标卷 II短文改错）As

5、thea kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watcingh them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.【答案】us 改为 me2. （2018新课标卷 III语法填空）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(th

6、ey) alive.【答案】them【解析】此处做 find 的宾语，所以用宾格 them。二、 物主代词1.注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。2.ones own.of ones own 句式的转换。3.某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。3take sb.by the arm，be wounded in the leg三、 反身代词1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。devote oneself to 致力于dress oneself 自己穿衣enjoy oneself 过得快活feel oneself 觉得正常3.

7、反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself 为自己；独立地of oneself 自然地；自动地by oneself 独自地in oneself 本身（2018新课标卷 III短文改错）Some of us were confident and eager totake part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself/th homework but I was shy.【答案】myself 改为 my/the【解析】句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用 my 不用 mys

8、elf，或改为定冠词 the 也可以。四、 相互代词(each other，one another)相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为 each others，one anothers，作定语。一般来说，each other 指两者之间，one another 指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。五、指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。1.指示代词 this(these)和 that(those)的区别。this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或

9、物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.4In those days they could not go to school.this 常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that 则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用 that 或 thos

10、e 代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this 在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that 用于询问对方；this 和 that 可以当副词用，意思相当于副词 so。Can hard work change a person that much?考向 1 对替代词的考查1. that(those), one(ones)和 it(的替代用法)代词 用法it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that可以指代前

11、面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于 the one。其复数形式为 those，相当于 the onesone 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的一个，其复数形式为 onesthose 指the名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)Did you get a ticket?你搞到票了吗？Yes, I managed to get one.是的，我设法搞到了一张。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the it

12、ems are similar to those of McDonalds.研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。The weather here is too cold. I dont like it. 这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。说明：one 和 that 都可以用来替代上文中所出现的名词，有时可以互换；但是在下列情况下不可以互换：5只能用 that 只能用 onethat 既可替代可数名词，也可替代不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one 只能替代可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用onethe one

13、s 用来替代上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用 those 代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的好。Only those(the ones)who had booked in advance were allowed in.只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。但是，the ones 中的 ones 根据情况可用形容词修饰，而 those 不可以。Which do you want?你想要哪个?Ill have the red ones.我要红色的。

14、Dont buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。【知识链接】1. 当替代词 one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及 this, that, these, those, which, either, neither, another 等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如：I think my dogs the fastest (one). 我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。Either (one) will suit me. (这两个当中)哪一个对我都合适。Lets have another (one

15、). 咱们再来一个吧。She looked at each (one) carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。Which (one) would you like?That (one) looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?看起来那个最好。2. 复数形式的 ones 之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及 some, any, both, several, dozen, own 等词修饰。如：Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一

16、些吗? (不能说：some ones?)Do you have any new diaries?We dont have any at the moment. 你有没有新的日记本?6我们眼下一本也没有了。(不能说：. any ones? )He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典，但我只有两本。(不能说：. two ones.)注：如果 ones 前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如：误：her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones正：her re

17、d ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones在美国英语中，ones 不能紧跟在 these 和 those 之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用(也不常见)。3. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用 one(s)来替代。如：Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? (不能说：. or tea ones? )但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用 one(s)替代。如：We can lend you plastic chairs or

18、 metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。1.(2016浙江卷)In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.A. that B. this C. one D. it【答案】A【解析】句意：在许多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系大不相同。that 指代上文的 the education system。it 指代的是同一种事或物。one 是泛指，指代同类中的一个。故选 A。2.Usually there might be a lot of accid

19、ents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _ this morning. A. it B. those C. one D. that 【答案与解析】C3.I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _.A. one B. it C. this D. that7【答案】B【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意：我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子，但是我

20、没有足够的钱去把它买下来。4.Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonalds . A. those B. ones C. any D. all 【答案】A【解析】those=the ones, 代指前面的 many of the items，表示复数、特指，被 of McDonalds 修饰，符合语境。ones 表示复数、泛指；any 任何一个；all 全部，均不符合语境，故排除。句意：研究一下Wendy 餐馆的菜单，我发现其中许多与麦当劳的菜单项目非常相似。考向 2 对 bo

21、th，all，either，any，neither，none 的考查1.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.A. all B. none C. either D. neither【答案】D【解析】all 全部；none 没有一个；either 两个中任何一个；两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究小组在调査的基础上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的建议。故选 D。2.When shall I call , in the mo

22、rning or afternoon?_. Ill be in all day .A. Any B. None C. Neither D. Either 【答案】D3.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her 8enthusiasm for life. A. no one B. neither C .none D. all 【答案】C【解析】no one 没有人；neither 表示否定两者，题干没有两者提示，因此不选；表示三者以上的否定意用 none。句意：罗斯玛丽这么

23、多年遭受了严重疾病所带来的痛苦，但是她一点也没有丧失对生活的热情。4.My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither【答案】B【解析】这里要注意是在那家店里没有买到，就是说店里的任何一块表都不可用的，有一个特定的范围，用 none。nothing 指物，什么都不是；none 既可指人也可指物，强调没有一个；no one 只能指人；neither 表两者都不，故此题选 B。句意：我哥哥想买一块好表，但是在那家店里

24、没有合适的。考向 3 对 another，the other，other，others，the others 的考查代词 用法other 不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义the otherthe other 可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的另一个；也可修饰名词，表示另外的another单独使用或修饰单数可数名词，表示泛指另一，再一；泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个。另外 another 后可接基数词/few复数名词形式，表示另外的(多少)others 单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为其他的人或事物，常与 some 一起出现the others意为剩余的一些His parents both

25、 work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse.他父母都在一家医院工作。一个是医生，一个是护士。When Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialects with them.当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，他们带着自己的方言。You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。9I have three

26、daughters. One is a nurse，another is a teacher and still another is a worker.我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。We need another few chairs.我们还需要几把椅子。1.(2018新课标卷I短文改错) The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.【答案】another 改为 other【解析】他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有

27、狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。2.Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?_ one? A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More【答案】C3.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _.A. the other B. other C. the others D. another【答案】D【解析】两者中另一个用the other。不定数目(两个以上)中的另一个用another句意：为

28、了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，又要了一杯。4.You are the team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea.A. both B. either C. others D. the other【答案】C【解析】句意：你是球队明星！与他人合作必定是你的拿手好戏。习语ones cup of tea意为the type of thing or person that you like。5.Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth thing over betwee

29、n them.A. others B. the other C. another D. one other 【答案】B10考向 4 对 it 的考查it 的特殊用法(1)作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词ing 形式、名词性从句。I find it difficult to do the job well.我发现做好这件工作不容易。(2)表示喜欢、恨等心理方面的动词后面接 it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate 等。We really appreciate it when she offered to hel

30、p.她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。(3)it 在固定结构中的用法：make it 成功；take it that.假设，以为；when it comes to.当谈到时；rely on/depend on/count on it that.相信You may rely on it that hell come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。1.（2018 年浙江卷语法填空）Many westerners 57 who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize ho

31、w cheap 58 can be to eat out.【答案】it【解析】考查 it 用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是 it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式 to eat out 是真正主语，用 it 是形式主语。故填 it。2.Im afraid you cant _ to the village in an hour; you must allow for the icy road.A. get it B. take it C. leave it D. make it【答案】D113.Alice, turn off the light and lock t

32、he door before you leave._.A. Got it B. Made it C. Heard it D. Taken it【答案】A【解析】句意：爱丽丝，离开之前把灯关掉，把门锁好。 知道了。got it 知道，明白；made it 约定时间，做成某事。故选 A。4.Mom. I came first in the National Basic Skill Competition.Well done! _.A. Keep it up B. Take it easy C. Catch it D. Hold it.【答案】A【解析】keep it up继续努力；再接再厉，符合题

33、意。take it easy 别着急；放松；catch it 受罚；受责罚；hold it 稍等；别动。句意：妈妈，我在国家基本技能大赛上得了第一名。做得太棒了！要再接再厉题组一基础过关用适当的代词填空1.The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.2.May I ask for leave tomorrow?No，you cant._ applying for the scholarship must be present.3.I dislike _ wh

34、en I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.4.If youre buying todays paper from the stand，could you get _ for me?5.Speed up. 70 km/h isnt fast enough. You are holding up the traffic， another voice ordered from the seat next to _ (I).6.She asked _ (I) name and said she didnt remember m

35、e.7.Years have passed. Now，every time I sit down to write _ new，I think of Mr Gough.8.Both teams were in hard training；_ was willing to lose the game.129.How many students are there in the classroom now?_. I have locked it.10.Saying is one thing and doing is _.题组二能力提升I.单项选择1.What do you think about

36、that new librarian?She is _ of a good clerk, for she even doesnt know how to classify the books.A. somebody B. nothing C. something D. nobody 2.College students should learn to compromise. But some of them only expect people to change for them, not _ way around.A. another B. the other C. other D. an

37、y other3. Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of _ is extremely violent. A. which B. it C. them D. those4.According to the Gini Index, the degree of wealth concentration in China has risen by a third in the past 35 years and now is larger than _ of the US.A. this B.

38、 one C. that D. such5.Ive sold my first painting!This is really _! Someone actually thinks your painting fantastic.A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something6.Its one thing to send a short message but _ to hove the person receiving the message actually do something. A. another B. other C. the

39、 other D. others7.If I had ever feared death before, it was _ compared to how I felt as the roller coaster moved faster and faster. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing8. Actually, Einsteins theory of relativity and his other scientific works are not _ hard to understand with a little s

40、tudy.A. such B. that C. only D. thus 139. Tina has got a new dictionary and Im eager to have _ as well. A. that B. it C. this D. one10. Hangzhou is really a beautiful city, so we have decided to stay for _ two days. A. other B. another C. the other D. othersII.语篇填空An old man and his son were taking

41、a donkey to the market. The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind _1_. A man saw them and asked the son why _2_wasnt riding the donkey. Then the father let _3_ride it._4_ man saw them and told _5_ that they should _6_ride the donkey.So_7_ both got on it. A woman who saw them said，Tell _8_，wh

42、y are you both riding that poor animal? _9_ looks so weak and tired. You are so cruel！Then，the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying _10_ across a bridge. When they were halfway across the bridge，the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.题组三体验真题1.（2016浙江）In many ways , the

43、education system in the US is not very different from _in the UK.A. that B. this C. one D. it2.（2015重庆）The meeting will be held in September, but_ knows the date for sure.A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody3.（2015浙江）How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someo

44、ne came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A. them B. one C. those D. it4.（2015天津）The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.A. that B. one C. it D. this5.（2015陕西）To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot

45、against .A. another B. the other C. other D. either 6.（2015福建）The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but_ 14contained any useful suggestions.A. all B. none C. either D. neither7.（2014全国大纲卷）Whos that at the door?_ is the milkman.A. He B. It C. This D. That8.（2014全国大纲卷）I think Mr

46、s. Stark could be _ between 50 and 60 years of age.A. anywhere B. anybody C. anyhow D. anything9.（2014重庆）A smile costs _, but gives much.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything10.（2014山东）Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. A. that B. this C. it D. her题组一

47、基础过关用适当的代词填空1.that 2.Anyone 3.it 4.one 5.mine/me 6.my 7.something 8.neither 9.None 10.another题组二能力提升I.单项选择2.B 【解祈】句意：大学生应该学会妥协。但是大学生中有有些人只是希望人们为他们而改变，而不是相反。not the other way around 而不是相反的。根据句意故选 B。3.B【解析】考查代词。句意：90%最流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，其中很多是极其暴力的。it 指代不可数名词 violence。 4.C 【解析】 that/those 在句中用来代替前面出现的同类比较对象，that 指代单数可数名词或不可数名词，that 指代上文提到的the degree of wealth concentration。句意：据基尼指数显示，过去35 年来，中国的财富集中度增长了三分之一，如今比美国还高。5.D【解祈】句意：我卖掉了我的第一幅画！太棒了！一定有人认为你的画是极好的。This/It 15is really something 为