2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit1GreatScientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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1、1必修 5Unit 1 Great scientists李仕才【短文语法填空】When I looked out on the white blanket 1. (cover) the ground,I couldnt help but smile a bit.It was so beautiful.It softened the bare trees and hid the dead grass.In the 2. (distant),I could hear the sound of the snow on the road,the bark of 3. happy dog,and the

2、 laughter of children playing outside,4. (enjoy) their day off from school. The sweet music of that laughter 5. (bring) back a hundred memories of winters past.I remembered 6. (catch) snowflakes on my tongue,building snowmen,making snow angels,sledding 7. hills,and always losing the snowball fights

3、with first my brothers and then my own children.Standing there in that warm coat of remembering made the wind a little less cold.I turned up my head,stuck out my tongue,8. for the first time in years caught a snowflake on it.It tasted so 9. (freshness) and clean.It tasted like youth,like joy,and lik

4、e love.I looked up to the heavens and 10. (sincere) thanked God for all of my memories and for the simple truth that you are never too old to be young again. 答案 1.covering 2.distance 3.a 4.enjoying 5.brought6.catching 7.down 8.and 9.fresh 10.sincerely(对应学生用书 P108)一高考单词识记思考运用1核心词汇_attend_ vt.照顾；护理；出席

5、；参加_expose_ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光_cure_ n& vt.治愈；痊愈；治疗_absorb_ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心_suspect_ vt.&n.认为；怀疑；被怀疑者；嫌疑犯_blame_ vt.&n.责备；谴责；过失；责备2_handle_ n& vt.柄；把手；处理；操纵analyse vt.分析_analysis_ n分析conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出；_conclusion_ n结论；结束pollute vt.污染；弄脏 _pollution_ n污染instruct vt.命令；指示；教导_instruction_ n教授；传授_instruction

6、s_ n用法；说明contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；_contribution_ n贡献2常考词汇reject vt._拒绝；不接受_physician n_医生；内科医师_challenge n_挑战_announce vt._宣布；通告_positive adj._积极的；肯定的_enthusiastic adj._热情的；热心的_用所给单词的适当形式填空1Visiting the exhibition will make you _exposed_ (expose) to Chinese traditional culture. Why not have a try？(20

7、17全国卷)2He said the lucky woman will _be announced_ (announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.(2017全国卷)3When the _polluting_ (pollute) industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon _pollution_ (pollute) and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense designed to make

8、 the case for business as usual.(2017江苏卷)4Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new _challenges_ (challenge) from the modern market.(2017江苏卷)5However，when something did interest me，I could become _absorbed_ (absorb)(2016北京卷)6If it werent for Rachel Carson，t

9、he environmental _movement_ (move) might not exist today.(2016全国卷)7Several others checked the _instructions_ (instruct)and made something according to one of the model plans provided.(2016全国卷)8Were not saying that everyone needs _to contribute_ (contribute) their 3lives to the poor.(2016四川)后缀sion 构成

10、的抽象名词集锦admission 准许进入；承认conclusion 结论；结束confusion 混乱expression 词组；表达式oppression 压迫；压制permission 允许profession 职业；专业revision 修正；复习后缀ment 构成的抽象名词一览development 发展disappointment 失望excitement 兴奋improvement 改进，改良movement 运动settlement 定居点treatment 对待，待遇judgment 判断后缀ian 构成的词Asian 亚洲的(人)musician 音乐家physician

11、内科医生Egyptian 埃及人含 fore前缀的单词面面观forehead n额头forearm n. 前臂forecast vt. 预报foresee vt. 预见foreword n. 前言foretell v. 预言；预示【完形填空】Im sitting at the airport watching people in the last minutes before their 4loved ones arrive or depart.A woman is running in circles trying to gather family members together for

12、a _1_.When the final moment comes before _2_，she wraps her arms around her son，giving him a _3_ hug that should protect him until he _4_.I sit with a book in my hands，waiting my turn to leave _5_ because the ones I love have a different _6_ from mine.I think of other departures and arrivals.I _7_ se

13、eing my daughter.I wrapped myself around her as if shed been _8_.That year she was in her first year at university，coming home for the first time.Today my flight is two hours late.When my flight is _9_ called，I gather my book and luggage._10_ there is no one to see me off，I do not _11_ to see where

14、I have come from._12_，I think of my husband at work _13_ if I have left yet.As I head towards the plane，I find myself _14_ yet another arrival and departure.That year，my 91yearold grandfather died.After returning from his funeral，I arrived at the airport _15_.My husband of only a year was waiting at

15、 the gate to take me in his arms.Because of my tears，_16_ was looking at us，but I didnt _17_.Life needs the important _18_ all the time.I wish that all the people who went on a _19_ could come back to find someone _20_ them.I also wish they could leave with someone to see them off.1A.lecture Bgoodby

16、eCdinner Dparty2A.gathering BboardingCannouncing Dlanding3A.powerful BgentleCwarm Dcommon4A.leaves BsurvivesCreturns Drecovers5A.frightened BanxiousCrelaxed Dalone6A.schedule BattitudeCposition Dtarget7A.imagine Benjoy5Crecall Dconsider8A.stolen BcheatedClost Dpunished9A.punctually BfinallyCabruptly

17、 Drepeatedly10A.Although BWhileCTill DSince11A.slow down Bget offClook back Drun away12A.However BBesidesCInstead DTherefore13A.doubting BaskingCpredicting Dwondering14A.remembering BforgettingCplanning Drejecting15A.shouting BcryingClaughing Dwhispering16A.someone BeveryoneCnone Danyone17A.care Bre

18、spondCscold Dflee18A.arrival BchanceCdeparture Dmoment19A.journey BdietCpicnic Dholiday20A.worrying about Bsmiling atCtalking of Dwaiting for【解题导语】作者在机场看到迎接与送行的场景，回忆起与女儿和丈夫的温馨往事，意识到人生中需要欢聚与离别这些重要的时刻。【核心词汇】depart vi.离开，出发 wrap ones arms around sb.用手臂搂住某人wait ones turn to do sth.等着轮到某人做某事think of想起，记起

19、 recall doing sth.回忆起做某事see sb.off为某人送行 at work 在工作，起作用61B 结合上文中出现的“arrive or depart”和下文中的“the final moment”可知，空处应该是一个告别(goodbye)的场景，故选 B。2B 根据语境可知，此处表示登机(boarding)前最后的时刻，故选 B。3A 结合下文中的“protect him”可知，母亲在儿子登机前给他一个强有力的(powerful)拥抱，故选 A。gentle“温柔的” ；warm“温暖的” ；common“共同的，普遍的” 。4C 根据语境可知，快要登机的时候，母亲给了儿子

20、一个强有力的拥抱，自然是盼望儿子能一路平安并平安归来，故选 C。leave“离开” ；survive“幸存，艰难渡过” ；recover“恢复” 。5D 根据空后的“because the ones I love have a different _6_ from mine”和下文中的“there is no one to see me off”可知，作者是一个人(alone)，没有人来为她送行，所以选 D。frightened“害怕的，受惊的” ；anxious“焦虑的，渴望的” ；relaxed“放松的” 。6A 根据语境可知，作者一个人离开是因为所爱之人都有不同的日程安排。schedul

21、e“日程安排，计划表”符合语境，故选 A。7C 结合语境可知，作者回忆起(recall)女儿上大学第一次回家的往事，所以选 C项。8C 根据语境可知，作者一把抱住女儿，好像她走失了很久。lost“丢失的，遗失的”符合语境，故选 C。9B 结合语境可知，作者等待很久之后，所乘的航班终于(finally)通知登机了，故选 B。punctually“准时地” ；abruptly“突然地” ；repeatedly“反复地” 。10D 根据语境可知， “_10_ there is no one to see me off”和“I do not _11_ to see where I have come

22、from”是因果关系，所以空处应用 Since“因为，既然” 。11C 既然没有人来送行，作者不需要回头张望(look back)。slow down“放慢，减速” ；get off“下车，离开” ；run away“突然离开，逃离” 。12C 结合语境可知，作者没有回头张望，相反地，作者想的是，还在上班的丈夫不知道作者是否已经离开。故选 C项。13D 参见上题解析。wonder if.“不知道是否”符合语境，故选 D。14A 结合语境可知，作者发现自己记得(remembering)另一件以前的迎接与送行，故选 A。15B 结合下文中的“Because of my tears”可知，此处应用

23、crying。shout“大喊，喊叫” ；laugh“大笑，笑” ； whisper“低语，悄声说” 。16B 此处指的是，因为作者哭泣，每个人(everyone)都在看着作者和她的丈夫。故7选 B。17A 虽然大家都在看，但是作者并不在意(care)，故选 A。respond“回复，作出反应” ；scold“训斥，责骂” ；flee“逃离” 。18D 根据语境可知，人生中一直需要这样重要的时刻(moment)，故选D。arrival“到达” ；chance“机会” ；departure“离开” 。19A 根据语境可知，作者希望所有出行(journey)的人回来时都能看到有人在等待(waiti

24、ng for)他们。故选 A。20D 参见上题解析。二重点短语识记思考运用1动词副词(介词)put _forward_ 提出；将提前expose._to_ 使显露；暴露link._to_ 将和联系或连接起来lead._to_ 通向，导致look _into_ 调查；窥视2其他形式draw/reach/come _to_/arrive _at_ a conclusion 得出结论apart _from_ 除之外；此外(be)strict _with_.对严格要求的make _no_ sense 毫无意义用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1First we carried out a discussio

25、n among all the students where various details _were put forward_.(2017北京卷)2Well _look into_ the matter first before coming to a decision.3It does not _make sense_ to buy that expensive coat when these are cheaper.4He is easy to get along with._Apart from_ that，he is a determined boy.5She is kind，bu

26、t she _is strict with_ my study.6The television camera was _linked to_ a computer.7From what is said above，we can _draw a conclusion_ that computers are more a blessing than a disaster.【联想积累】“动词 n.to”必备短语集锦8add.to 增添；增加compare.to 把比作devote.to 把专用于；贡献给expose.to 使显露；暴露link.to.将和联系或连接起来supply.to 供应给“除之

27、外”必备短语一览apart from/aside from 除之外，根据上下文的不同，可以分别相当于besides，except 或 except for。in addition to 除之外(还，也)，常与 also，more，other 等连用。except for 除以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句 学句型 练仿写1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。neither.nor.连接两个并列的句子成分。

28、我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意。_Neither my wife nor I myself am_ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。every time作连词用，引导时间状语从句。每次我去看她时，她都全神贯注于研究工作。_Every time I went to see her_，she was absorbed in her

29、 research work.3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。“only状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。只要你有目标而且持之以恒地去追求，那么你的梦想就能实现。Only if you have a goal and go for it with perseverance _can your dreams be achieved_.【短文改错】My father i

30、s the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，however he never fails to show her care and consideration.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my 9uneasiness and asked me what has happened.I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scold

31、，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health and he also teaches me what to be a good citizen.How luckily I am to have such a good father!【答案】 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be

32、， he never howeverfails to show care and consideration.Once I broke a window.Seeing herhis neighborneighborsnobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what happened.I could only tell him truth.Instead hashad atheof ，he praised my honesty and then en

33、couraged me to apologize our scoldscolding toneighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health he also teaches me to be a good citizen.How I am to have andbut whathow luckilyluckysuch a good father!第一处：删除 however。考查连词。在 as引导的让步状语从句中，表语放句首时，从句倒装，分析句子结构可知，however 多余。第

34、二处：herhis。考查代词。与上文人称代词 he保持一致，可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词 his。第三处：neighborneighbors。考查名词所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语，修饰名词 window。第四处：hashad。考查动词时态。与 asked呼应可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。第五处：athe。考查冠词。tell the truth 为固定词组搭配，符合语境，故用定冠词the。第六处：scoldscolding。考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词scolding作介词 of的宾语。第七处：our 前加 to。考查介词。apologize to sb.意为“向某人道歉” ，为固定词组搭配，故用介词 to。第八处：andbut。考查连词，not only.but also.意为“不但而且” ，为固定结构，故用连词 but。第九处：whathow。考查疑问词。与 teaches呼应可知，此处表示方式，故用 how。10第十处：luckilylucky。考查形容词。与 I am呼应可知，此处应用形容词 lucky作表语。