2018_2019年高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习阅读理解第Ⅳ题语法填空.doc

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1、1第题 语法填空命题特点设置该题型的目的在于考查学生在语境中正确运用语法知识的能力，以促进考生实际语言运用能力的提高。考查的重点为：动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、词性转换、形容词和副词以及介词、代词、冠词和从句。设置题型有两种：一种为无提示词，主要考查关联词、冠词、代词、介词；另一种为有提示词，主要考查时态和语态、词性转化、非谓语动词、名词复数、形容词、副词级别。方法技巧(1)根据语法知识填空：每个空都会涉及语法规则，如：形容词修饰名词；句与句之间用关联词等。全面考虑，具体分析，然后确定答案。(2)根据逻辑关系填空：如表示因果关系的词有 thus，therefore，so 等。(3)根据语篇标

2、志词填空：如表示语篇结构层次的 first，second 等。(4)根据固定词组填空：如 by the way，devote.to.等。(5)根据固定句型填空：如 so.that.，spend time in doing 等。解题步骤(1)通读全文，理解大意。(2)巧用已知，分析局部结构、句法结构，确定词性。(3)复读全文，仔细核查，语法正确，语意贯通。Passage 1As we all know, learning is a process of gaining knowledge. Learning is ones own business, 1._ cannot rely on oth

3、ers. It is ones lifelong task, which cannot 2._ (finish) in one move.A successful learner is an 3._ (independence) one, who has 4._ a determined will and amazing patience. He will try to discover his own way of learning. Instead of waiting for the help of his teachers and friends, he will make effor

4、ts 5._ (create) favorable conditions on his own strong spirit. It will certainly be 6._ great help, if there is a good environment, enough books and 7._ (equip), as well as instructions from his teachers 2and friends.Even if one has got all these favorable conditions, one cannot be sure to succeed i

5、n learning. So the most important factor in learning 8._ (lie) in ones own effort.To learn is rather 9._ hard working and persevering business. Many a man is a failure because he cannot bear such hardships. Persistent efforts can make up for a lack of talent and 10._ (able) one to get a great deal o

6、f progress in learning.【语篇解读】 本文讲述了如何做一个成功的学习者。1解析：本处为非限制性定语从句。关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，指物，应用 which。答案：which2解析：句意：它是终生的任务，不能一次被完成。由 finish 和 task 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系可知，应用被动语态；结合 cannot 可知，应填 be finished。答案：be finished3解析：本处应用形容词作定语，故填 independent。答案：independent4解析：句意：成功的学习者既有坚定的意志，又有惊人的耐心。both . and .“既又” 。答案：both

7、5解析：make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事” ，是固定短语。答案：to create6解析：根据固定结构“be of helpbe helpful”可知，此处填介词 of。答案：of7解析：本处 and 连接两个并列的名词。故填 equip 的名词形式 equipment。答案：equipment8解析：根据上下文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；结合主语 factor 可知，应用第三人称单数形式 lies。答案：lies9解析：句意：学习是一件需要勤奋和坚持不懈的事情。business 当“事情”讲时，通常用单数，此处表泛指，故应用不定冠词；hardworking 的读音

8、以辅音音素开头，故填 a。答案：a10解析：句意：坚持不懈的努力能够弥补天赋的缺乏，使人能够在学习方面取得很3大的进步。本处 and 连接两个动作 make up 和 enable。答案：enablePassage 2I had an 1._ (interest) experience playing ping-pong last year. I was playing against a fine opponent. When the score was 20 to 20, I placed my bat on the table, 2._ (thank) my opponent and b

9、egan to walk away. She called me back and said we had to continue 3._ one of us won.“Look， ” I said, “if we continue, either you or I will win. If you win 4._ (easy), I will begin to doubt my skill. If I win, you will be unhappy. Isnt it 5._ (good) to know that we both played well, that we enjoyed t

10、he competition, and that we played to an equal score？” This was a surprising ending for my opponent and for the persons 6._ (watch) this contest. It made sense to me to leave with a tie game, an impasse (僵局): no winner, no loser!Our present technology makes 7._ possible for nations to destroy other

11、nations. In such a nuclear time there can be no winners, only losers. Under these 8._ (condition), the only choice 9._ (avoid) global destruction is a global impasse. We cannot destroy this beautiful planet by holding on to 10._ old understanding of victory. The only victory is in achieving a satisf

12、ying impasse. No one wins, but no one loses, either.【语篇解读】 本文讲述了作者的一次乒乓球比赛的经历。当对方要求一定要分出胜负时，作者却觉得平局对双方都好。1解析：此处需要用形容词修饰名词 experience。interesting“有趣的” 。答案：interesting2解析：句中三个动词 place, thank 和 begin 为并列谓语，都是发生在过去的动作，故用一般过去时。答案：thanked3解析：根据句意可知，她叫我回来说我们应该一直打到有人赢为止。答案：until/till4解析：修饰动词 win，需用副词。答案：eas

13、ily5解析：此处是将平局和有胜负作比较，应该用比较级。答案：better6解析：persons 和 watch 之间为主谓关系，故用动词ing 形式。watching this 4contest 作定语，修饰 the persons。答案：watching7解析：it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语 to destroy other nations。答案：it8解析：由 these 可知此处需要用名词的复数形式。答案：conditions9解析：choice, determination, decision, effort, right 等名词后的定语常用动词不定式。答案：to avoi

14、d10解析：an understanding of sth.意为“对某物的了解” ，且 old 的读音以元音音素开头，故填 an。答案：anPassage 3What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces 1._ people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air? A place with little or no pollution? A place in which people can 2._ (free) socialize and express their

15、 ideas? Perhaps, its all that plus more. Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities, an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by 3._ local government to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens. Of all the cities in the world, one of the top

16、six 4._ (healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark.Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts 5._ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. Those who prefer it can also bike. It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen 6._ (carry) out on a bike. As for the clim

17、ate here, the city does not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round. 7._ everything starts to freeze, it turns several city squares into huge skating fields. The frozen parts of the city also make 8._ easier for residents to skate around. The city also has museums and art galleries for

18、the kids and 9._ (grownup). It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building 10._ (call) the Black Diamond.【语篇解读】 本文讲述了世界上最健康的六大城市之一哥本哈根。1解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为 open spaces，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。5答案：where2解析：修饰动词短语“socialize and express th

19、eir ideas”，应用副词freely。答案：freely3解析：根据语境可知，此处表特指。答案：the4解析：此处表示“最健康的六大城市之一” ，应用形容词最高级。答案：healthiest5解析：步行占交通总量的 80%。account for“占(一定数量或比例)” ，是固定短语。答案：for6解析：work trips 与 carry out 之间存在动宾关系，空处应用被动语态；根据文章的整体时态可知，空处应用一般现在时；由“a third of all work trips”可知，空处应填 are carried。答案：are carried7解析：当开始上冻的时候，一些城市广场

20、就变成了巨大的溜冰场。when/as“当时候” ，引导时间状语从句。答案：When/As8解析：本处 it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to skate around。答案：it9解析：本处 and 连接两个并列的名词 kids 和 grownups。答案：grownups10解析：call 与被修饰的名词 building 之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。答案：calledPassage 4There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good news is 1._ there are se

21、ven times more trees than we 2._ (think). A few years ago, scientists estimated the world had 400 billion trees, but a new study makes a 3._ (calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. Thats a three 4._ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC that this new number is un

22、able 5._ (change) anything.What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the earth had around six trillion trees. Human activity has cut the number of trees on the planet 6._ half. A good example of this is 7._ fact that Europe used to be 6one of the giant forests. Dr Crowther said people are 8._ (r

23、esponsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees. Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation (毁林) and farmland. The scientists said this figure is “9._ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr Crowther added, “This study highlights how much more effort 10._ (need) if we

24、are to restore healthy forests worldwide.”【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍了地球上树木的现有量。1解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句成分和句意完整，故用that。答案：that2解析：这里说的是“比我们原本以为的” ，故要用一般过去时。答案：thought3解析：根据空前的“a”可知此处要用名词形式。答案：calculation4解析：follow 与 three 之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。答案：followed5解析：be (un)able to do sth.意为“(不)能做某事” ，是常用表达。答案：to

25、change6解析：in half 意为“减半” 。答案：in7解析：根据语境可知，此处应该用定冠词 the 特指 fact。答案：the8解析：根据语境可知，此处指人们应该为树木的减少负责。be responsible for“对负责”是固定搭配，故填 responsible。答案：responsible9解析：根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处修饰形容词 higher，应用副词形式。答案：extremely10解析：这项研究表明，如果要在世界范围内恢复健康的森林，那我们需要再做多少努力。主句主语 effort 与 need 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。 “how much more effo

26、rt”的谓语应用单数，故应填 is needed。此处也可理解为表示将来要发生的动作，故主句可用一般将来时。答案：is needed/will be neededPassage 5For more than six million American children, coming home after school means 71._(come) to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hang out outside. 2._ all of them have something i

27、n common. They spend part of each day alone. They 3._ (call) latchkey childrenthey are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern.A headmaster of an elementary school said that there was a school rule against wearing jewelry.

28、A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys 4._(attach). He was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, 5._ he slowly learned were house keys.He began talking to the children who had them. Then he learned the influence working couples and single parents

29、were having 6._ their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own 7._(safe)The most common way latchkey children deal with this is by hiding. It might be in a bathroom, under a bed 8._ in a closet. The second is TV. They

30、ll watch it with the volume turned up high. Most parents dont realize 9._(it) effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact 10._ they leave their children alone.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了美国“挂钥匙儿童”这一社会问题。1解析：mean to do sth.“打算做某事” ；mean doing sth.“意味着” 。根据语境可知，此处表示放学回家意味着回到一个空房子，故填 coming。答案

31、：coming2解析：根据语境可知，一些孩子看电视，一些在外面闲逛。空后又说“have something in common”，故填转折连词 But。答案：But3解析：主语 They 与 call 之间构成动宾关系，且根据“they are”可知，该句为一般现在时态，应填 are called。答案：are called4解析：此处为“with宾语宾补”结构，attach 与 keys 之间是动宾关系，故填attached。答案：attached5解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语且先行词为keys，指物，故填 which。答案：which86解析：have in

32、fluence on sb.“对某人有影响” ，故填 on。答案：on7解析：根据句意可知，此处指很多孩子做噩梦并担心自己的安全，应用名词形式，故填 safety。答案：safety8解析：根据句意可知，此处指有可能藏在卫生间、床底下或壁橱里。表示选择，故填 or。答案：or9解析：根据句意可知，此处表示电视对孩子的影响，故填 its。答案：its10解析：根据句意可知，此处指大多数父母很迟缓地承认他们不管孩子这个事实；分析句子结构可知，这是同位语从句且不缺成分，故填 that。答案：thatPassage 6At my workplace there arent enough 1._(opp

33、ortunity) to be different. We give care to others but sometimes we forget to care for 2._(we) and each other.So, I print 3._(inspire) messages, happy pictures, etc, and post them on a blank space 4._ Ive found in one of our rooms. I believe they add to our “emotional education”One person asked me, “

34、Why do you try to help these people? They are not very nice？” My answer 5._(be), “If it affects one person then its a good thing.” It doesnt matter whether it has an impact 6._ anyone else. What matters is that Im the 7._(good) person I can be.I know those 8._(print) stories and articles are read be

35、cause they keep getting moved about. So, 9._(eventual), like sandpaper against a rough surface, 10._ surface will become smooth and the messages will get through. How long it takes really doesnt matter.【语篇解读】 本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们关爱别人的同时，也不要忘记关爱自己。1解析：根据空前的“there arent”可知，there be 句型中的主语应用复数形式。答案：o

36、pportunities2解析：句意：但有时我们忘记了关心自己和互相关心。空处在句中作介词 for 的宾9语，且主语和宾语表达相同的意思，故此处使用反身代词。答案：ourselves3解析：根据语境可知，所填词为定语，修饰 messages，故用形容词 inspiring“令人鼓舞的” 。答案：inspiring4解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词 a blank space，且在从句中作宾语，故用 that/which。答案：that/which5解析：根据上文中的“One person asked me”可知，此处也应用一般过去时态。答案：was6解析：此处是固定搭配 ha

37、ve an impact on .“对有影响” 。答案：on7解析：根据空前的“the”可知，此处应用最高级，故填 best。答案：best8解析：分析句子结构可知，空处在此作前置定语修饰 stories and articles，且print 与 stories and articles 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故此处使用过去分词作定语。答案：printed9解析：根据语境可知，此处应使用副词 eventually 作状语修饰整个句子。答案：eventually10解析：此处 surface 为特指，空处填 the。答案：thePassage 7Talking is the most eff

38、ective and satisfying way of communication with others. There are many forms of communication, 1._ include texting, cell phones, email, and social media. 2._ (use) these alternative forms to communicate with others may be faster, 3._ they lack many qualities that a face-to-face conversation 4._ (pos

39、sess)Facial expression and body language can 5._ (great) affect a conversation. They can be used to give a person some information about what the other person 6._ (think) and feeling. Facial expression can 7._ (apply) to video chatting, but body language can only be found in a face-to-face conversat

40、ion. Talking in person can have physical 8._ (feature). Giving someone a hug and holding their hand 9._ (comfort) them can only be done in person. When you are talking to someone by texting or messaging them, 10physical touch does not exist at all, which can limit the connection 10._ the people in t

41、he communication.【语篇解读】 随着科技的发展，现代的交流方式多种多样，但是面对面交流和肢体语言交流仍是不可替代的交流方式。1解析：分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 forms of communication，关系词作从句的主语，故用 which 引导该定语从句。答案：which2解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语，故用动名词 Using。答案：Using3解析：句意：使用这些可替代的交流方式可能会更快捷，但是它们缺乏面对面交流所拥有的特点。根据句意可知，两句间为转折关系，故用转折连词 but。答案：but4解析：根据上下文时态可知，空处应用一般

42、现在时；该从句的主语是单数可数名词，故谓语动词用单数。答案：possesses5解析：空处修饰动词 affect，故用副词形式 greatly。答案：greatly6解析：根据该句中的“feeling”和语境可知，面部表情和肢体语言能给人一些他人正在想什么的信息，故用现在进行时。答案：is thinking7解析：主语 Facial expression 和动词 apply 之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。由can 可知，应填 be applied。答案：be applied8解析：根据下句中的“Giving someone a hug”和“holding their hand”可知，面对面交谈

43、有两个身体特征，故用复数形式。答案：features9解析：根据句意可知，空处表示拥抱和握手的目的，故用动词不定式。答案：to comfort10解析：这里表示“人们之间的联系” ，应用介词 between。答案：betweenPassage 8Dr. Barone has helped many kids smile who were born with defects (缺陷), including me. She did my first two operations when I was a baby, which were the most important and 1._(eff

44、ect)11I dont remember the first two operations very well, but I do recall 2._ third. Dr. Barone was kind and eased me into the process. She let me choose my sleep medicine, 3._(make) sure that I was okay. I recently saw a picture of me before my operation, and I know 4._ a big job she did.Dr.Barone

45、5._ (operate) on people with all types of birth defects. She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them 6._ free.Many people benefit from her new ways 7._ (invent) to fix birth defects of the head and face. She has won many awards. A few of the most recent

46、8._(be) Best Doctors in America 20132014, Americas Top Plastic Surgery, and many others.Dr.Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was 9._(probable) just another patient to her, to me she was 10._ (much) than just my doctor. She was and is my hero, and she gave me back my smile.【语篇解

47、读】 本文主要讲述了 Barone 医生治病救人的故事。1解析：根据 and 前的 important 可知，空处应用形容词 effective。答案：effective2解析：序数词前一般用定冠词修饰，表示第几的概念。答案：the3解析：make 和句子谓语动词 let 之间没有连词，且和句子主语 She 之间构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。答案：making4解析：what 引起的感叹句的结构为：whata/an形容词可数名词单数，故填what。答案：what5解析：根据语境可知，此处表示经常做的事情，故用一般现在时，且由句子主语Dr. Barone 可知，应填 operates，与下文

48、的 goes 和 helps 呼应。答案：operates6解析：for free 意为“免费” ，为固定搭配，故用介词 for。答案：for7解析：invent 和句子谓语动词 benefit 之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且空处和其逻辑主语 ways 之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。答案：invented8解析：根据 A few 可知，此处谓语动词应用复数，且此处表示客观情况，故用一般12现在时的复数形式，即 are。答案：are9解析：此处应用副词 probably 在句子中作状语。答案：probably10解析：由 than 可知，此处“more than n.”意为“不仅仅，不只是” ，是固定搭配。故填 more。答案：morePassage 9A triathlon (三项全能运动 ) is