UL SUBJECT 1699B-2013 OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATION FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) DC ARC-FAULT CIRCUIT PROTECTION (Issue 2)《光伏(PV)直流电弧-故障电路保护用调研纲要》.pdf

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1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULJanuary 14, 20131UL 1699BOUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIONFORPHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) DC ARC-FAULT CIRCUIT PROTECTIONIssue Number 2JANUARY 14, 2013Summary of TopicsThis is the second issue of the Outline of Inve

2、stigation for Photovoltaic(PV) DC Arc-Fault Circuit Protection, Subject 1699B, with revisionsthroughout to represent current practice.COPYRIGHT 2013 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULJANUARY 14, 2013

3、UL 1699B2No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTSPART 1 - ALL DEVICESINTRODUCTION1 Scope .62 Glossary .63 Components 74 Units of Measurement .85 Undated References 8CONSTRUCTION6 General 87 Corrosion Protect

4、ion 88 Internal Wiring .89 Insulation 810 Inclined Plane Tracking 811 Power Supply .912 Operating Mechanism .913 Programmable Circuit Components 914 Electronic Interruption 1014.1 General .1014.2 Off State or Stand-By Mode Current 1014.3 Reliability 1114.4 Programmable Circuit Components .11PART2-PV

5、AFCI, PV AFD, and PV ID DEVICESCONSTRUCTION15 General 1116 Accessibility of Energized Parts 1117 Current Carrying Parts 1318 Spacings 1319 Terminals 1420 Enclosure 1421 Grounding .1422 Annunciator 1523 Test Circuit 15PERFORMANCE24 General 1525 Voltage Surge Test .1726 Environmental Test Sequence 172

6、7 Arc Fault Detection Tests 1927.1 Reserved 1927.2 Reserved 19JANUARY 14, 2013 UL 1699B 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL27.3 Series Connection Arcing Test 1927.4 Parallel Path Arcing Test .2228 Unwanted Tripping Tests 2328.1 G

7、eneral .2328.2 Loading condition I inverters, converters, and charge controllers .2328.3 Loading condition II DC switch operation 2429 Operation Inhibition Tests 2429.1 General .2429.2 Masking the signal to operate .2429.3 Line impedance 2630 Resistance to Environmental Noise Test .2631 Overload Tes

8、t 2732 Endurance Test 2833 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test .2934 Short Circuit Current Test .3035 Corrosion Test .31RATINGS36 General 31MARKINGS37 General 31INSTRUCTIONS38 Installation Instructions 32PART 3 - INVERTERS, CONVERTERS, AND CHARGE CONTROLLERS WITH INTEGRALPHOTOVOLTAIC DC ARC-FAULT CIRC

9、UIT INTERRUPTER PROTECTIONGENERAL39 General 33CONSTRUCTION40 General 3341 Alternate Spacings Clearances and Creepage Distances 3342 Annunciator 3343 Test Circuit 34PERFORMANCE44 General 3445 Overvoltage, Overload, Endurance, and Short Circuit Tests 3546 Voltage Surge Test .3647 Arc Fault Detection T

10、ests 3647.1 Reserved 3647.2 Reserved 3647.3 Series Connection Arcing Test .36JANUARY 14, 2013UL 1699B4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL47.4 Parallel Path Arcing Test 3748 Unwanted Tripping Tests 3848.1 General .3848.2 Loading co

11、nditionIDCswitch operation .3949 Operation Inhibition Tests .3949.1 General .3949.2 Masking the signal to operate - multiple strings 4049.3 Line impedance .40MARKINGS50 General 41JANUARY 14, 2013 UL 1699B 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISS

12、ION FROM ULPART 1 - ALL DEVICESINTRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 These requirements cover DC photovoltaic arc-fault circuit protection devices intended for use in solarphotovoltaic electrical energy systems as described in Article 690 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA70. This protection is intended to miti

13、gate the effects of arcing faults that may pose a risk of fire ignitionunder certain conditions if the arcing persists.1.2 These requirements cover devices including photovoltaic (PV) dc arc-fault circuit-interrupters (AFCI),arc-fault detectors (AFD), interrupting devices (ID) and inverters, convert

14、ers, and charge controllers withintegral arc-fault circuit-interrupter protection.1.3 These requirements cover devices rated 1000 volts or less. They are intended for use in dc electricalsystems that are supplied by a photovoltaic source, such as a module with solar cells designed togenerate dc powe

15、r when exposed to sunlight.1.4 These requirements are intended to be used with the Standard for Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters, UL1699, as these requirements modify the requirements described in that standard.1.5 These devices are not intended to detect glowing connections.1.6 In Part 1 of these req

16、uirements the term “device” is used generically to apply to all of the devicescovered by these requirements and is modified when the requirement does not apply to all types. In Part2 and Part 3 of these requirements the term device is used generically to apply to all devices coveredby the particular

17、 part of this outline, and is modified when the requirement does not apply to all types.1.7 A device that is also intended to perform other functions, such as overcurrent protection, disconnects,combiner boxes, inverters, or other PV system functions or any combination thereof, shall additionallycom

18、ply with the requirements of the applicable Standard or Standards that cover devices that providethose functions as intended for use in PV systems.2 Glossary2.1 For the purposes of this Outline of Investigation, the following definitions apply.2.2 ANNUNCIATOR A feature of a device that gives an indi

19、cation upon the functioning of aprotective device.2.3 CELL The basic photovoltaic device that generates electricity when exposed to sunlight.2.4 CHARGE CONTROLLER A device intended to control the charging process of storage batteriesused in photovoltaic power systems.2.5 CONVERTER (DC) A device that

20、 accepts dc power input and converts it to another form of dcpower.2.6 DUT Device under test.2.7 INVERTER An electronic device that changes dc power to ac power.JANUARY 14, 2013UL 1699B6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL2.8 PARAL

21、LEL ARCING Arcing that is in parallel with the load, such as between the positive andnegative conductors, or between any two conductors or ground.2.9 PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) DC ARC-FAULT CIRCUIT-INTERRUPTER (PV AFCI) A device that isintended to be installed in a solar photovoltaic energy system to interru

22、pt power delivered to an arcingfault when an arcing fault is detected by the AFCI. It is intended to provide arcing protection to the PVsystem and wiring against the unwanted effects of arcing.2.10 PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) DC ARC-FAULT DETECTOR (PV AFD) A device that is intended toprovide arcing protection

23、 to the PV system and wiring against the unwanted effects of arcing byenabling an interruption or shorting device to interrupt power delivered to an arcing fault.2.11 PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) DC INTERRUPTING DEVICE (PV ID) A device that is intended forinstallation in a solar photovoltaic energy system to i

24、nterrupt a detected arcing fault. The device isgenerally enabled by another device which detects arcing, such an arc-fault detector. The device canperform an interruption or shorting function as appropriate to interrupt power delivered to an arcing fault.2.12 PV MODULE The smallest environmentally p

25、rotected assembly of solar cells and ancillaryparts, such as interconnects and terminals, intended to generate dc power under sunlight.2.13 SERIES ARCING Arcing that is in series with the load and is the result of a failure in theintended continuity of a conductor, connection, module or other system

26、 components in the direct currentPV source and output circuits.2.14 TYPE 1 DEVICE A solar photovoltaic device that is intended to detect or interrupt series arcingfaults.2.15 TYPE 2 DEVICE A solar photovoltaic device that is intended to detect or interrupt both seriesarcing faults and parallel arcin

27、g faults.3 Components3.1 Except as indicated in 3.2, a component of a product covered by this Outline of Investigation shallcomply with the requirements for that component.3.2 A component need not comply with a specific requirement that:a) Involves a feature or characteristic not needed in the appli

28、cation of the component in theproduct covered by this Outline of Investigation; orb) Is superseded by a requirement in this Outline of Investigation.3.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its recognized rating established for the intendedconditions of use.3.4 Specific components are recogn

29、ized as being incomplete in construction features or restricted inperformance capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such ascertain temperatures not exceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditionsfor which they have been r

30、ecognized.JANUARY 14, 2013 UL 1699B 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL4 Units of Measurement4.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.5 Undated Ref

31、erences5.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this Outline ofInvestigation shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.CONSTRUCTION6 General6.1 All devices shall comply with the construction requirements in Sections6-14of

32、this Outline.7 Corrosion Protection7.1 Parts, in addition to enclosures, shall be protected against corrosion if failure of such parts would belikely to result in a hazardous condition such as the inability of the device to perform its intended function.Compliance is determined by the Corrosion Test

33、 of Section 358 Internal Wiring8.1 The gauge and insulation of wires shall withstand the mechanical and electrical stresses of service.Wires smaller than 24 AWG (0.21 mm2) shall be investigated for the application.9 Insulation9.1 A device shall have at least functional insulation throughout. Materia

34、ls shall be suitable for thetemperature, voltage and conditions of service.10 Inclined Plane Tracking10.1 For devices rated greater than 600 volts, insulating materials that are in direct contact with live partsshall not track beyond one inch in less than 60 minutes using the time to track method of

35、 theInclined-Plane Tracking Test specified in ASTM D 2303. The voltage for the test shall not be less than themaximum rated voltage of the equipment/JANUARY 14, 2013UL 1699B8UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL11 Power Supply11.1 T

36、he power supply of a device shall be a commercial light and power source available in a building,dc power from a photovoltaic source, or both. The power supply shall be capable of allowing the deviceto function and provide protection at all times when the danger of an arcing fault is present.11.2 Wh

37、en conducting tests in accordance with Part 2 or Part 3 of this Outline, tests applicable to eachintended power supply type as mentioned in 11.1 shall be conducted.12 Operating Mechanism12.1 Compliance with the provisions of arcing fault interruption shall not be prevented by manipulation orrestrain

38、t of accessible levers, knobs, and the like of a device.12.2 A device that has tripped in accordance with the provisions of arcing fault interruption shall not becapable of automatic reclosure.13 Programmable Circuit Components13.1 If a device employs a programmable circuit component such as a micro

39、processor in its arc faultdetection or interruption system, or in its test circuit, that portion of the device shall be investigated inaccordance with the Standard for Software in Programmable Components, UL 1998, as defined in 13.2 -13.9.13.2 All of the requirements of the Standard for Software in

40、Programmable Components, UL 1998, applyto microprocessors employed in a device as mentioned in 13.1, except as modified by 13.3 - 13.9.13.3 The risks to be considered for the Risk Analysis portion of UL 1998 include the following scenarios:a) Unwanted tripping;b) Failure to trip under conditions whe

41、re tripping should occur; andc) Failure of test circuit to complete evaluation.13.4 The Tool Qualification requirements from UL 1998 are modified in 13.5 and 13.6.13.5 All tools used in the design, implementation, and verification of software shall be documented. Thedocumentation shall include:a) Th

42、e name of the tool supplier or developer;b) The model, application, or trade name of the tool;c) The tool version identification;d) A description of the purpose for which the tool is used; ande) A list of known errors, faults or failures of the tool performance, such as a bug list.JANUARY 14, 2013 U

43、L 1699B 9UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL13.6 Software tools are defined as software or hardware used in the development, testing, analysis, ormaintenance of a program or its documentation. Examples include compilers, assembler

44、s, timinganalyzers, logic analyzers, test case generators, simulators, emulators, and similar tools.13.7 Means shall be employed to address all microelectronic hardware failure modes identified in the RiskAnalysis of 13.3. The analysis shall consider all possible combinations of microelectronic hard

45、warefailures, software faults, and other events that are capable of resulting in a risk. This includes, for example,microelectronic hardware failures that cause software faults that are capable of resulting in a risk.Detection of failure modes shall be at a frequency and adequacy suitable for the ap

46、plication.13.8 One approach to comply with 13.7 is for the manufacturer to:a) Identify failure modes;b) Determine safety impact of failure modes;c) Design and provide means to detect the failure modes that have an impact on safety;d) Demonstrate that coverage provided by detection means is at a freq

47、uency and effective levelsuitable for the application; ande) Provide evidence that the failure rate of microelectronic components is suitable for theapplication.13.9 The requirements in UL 1998 addressing user interfaces do not apply.14 Electronic Interruption14.1 General14.1.1 Solid state component

48、s used in place of air gap contacts to interrupt the circuit current when anarc fault is sensed shall comply with 14.2 - 14.4.14.2 Off State or Stand-By Mode Current14.2.1 When arcing current is interrupted by electronic means, the available current with the system inthe off state or stand-by mode a

49、fter detecting an arc-fault condition shall not exceed 250 mA with theDC system at maximum rated voltage.JANUARY 14, 2013UL 1699B10UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL14.3 Reliability14.3.1 Except as indicated in 14.3.2, solid-state components that function to interrupt the circuit currentin the event of an arc fault shall be investigated in accordance with the Standard for Tests for Safety-Related Controls Employing Solid-State Devices, UL 991. This UL 991 investigati