TIA-102 BABA-2003 Project 25 Vocoder Description《项目25-声码器描述》.pdf

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1、 TIA STANDARD Project 25 Vocoder Description TIA-102.BABA DECEMBER 2003 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Representing the telecommunications industry in association with the Electronic Industries Alliance ANSI/TIA-102.BABA 2003 Approved: December 23, 2003 Copyright Electronic Industries Allia

2、nce Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NOTICE TIA En

3、gineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper

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5、ons preclude their voluntary use by Non-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor doe

6、s it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety

7、and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-3633-UGRV1, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-8 Committee on Mobile and Personal Private Radio Standards.) Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION

8、 2002 Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 U.S.A. PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of TIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-854-7179) International

9、(303-397-7956) or search online at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/search_n_order.cfm All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PLEASE! DONT

10、 VIOLATE THE LAW! This document is copyrighted by the TIA and may not be reproduced without permission. Organizations may obtain permission to reproduce a limited number of copies through entering into a license agreement. For information, contact: Global Engineering Documents 15 Inverness Way East

11、Englewood, CO 80112-5704 U.S.A. or call U.S.A. and Canada 1-800-854-7179, International (303) 397-7956 Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NOTICE OF DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATION

12、 OF LIABILITY The document to which this Notice is affixed has been prepared by one or more Engineering Committees of the Telecommunications Industry Association (“TIA”). TIA is not the author of the document contents, but publishes and claims copyright to the document pursuant to licenses and permi

13、ssion granted by the authors of the contents. TIA Engineering Committees are expected to conduct their affairs in accordance with the TIA Engineering Manual (“Manual”), the current and predecessor versions of which are available at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/sfg/engineering_manual.cfm. TIAs f

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18、EPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, RULE OR REGULATION. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT

19、, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE

20、S. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi

21、tted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA 102.BABAForeword:(This foreword is not part of the standard)This Vocoder Standard (102BABA), tit

22、led Project 25 Vocoder Description, has been devel-oped with inputs from the TIA-APCO Project 25 Interface Committee (APIC), the APICVocoder Task Group, and TIA Industry Members. This Standard will be maintained byWorking Group 8.4 of TR-8, under the sponsorship of TIA.This Recommended Standard desc

23、ribes the vocoder for land mobile radios meeting theProject 25 requirements. Publication of this Standard comes nearly three years after is-suance of an Interim Standard. This document has undergone rigorous public review, andimplementations of this Vocoder have been created from this description. T

24、his documentprovides only the appropriate requirements to ensure vocoder compatibility for Project 25systems.For information on speci c implementations, as they are developed, the reader is referred tothe Project 25 System and Standard De nition Document originally published as TSB102for; Project 25

25、 Overview, a Glossary, and a Statement of Requirements.The readers attention is called to the possibilitythatcompliance with this Standard mayrequire the use of one or more inventions covered by patentrights.By publication of this Standard, no position is taken with respect to the validity of thosec

26、laims or any patent rights in connection therewith. The patent holders so far identi edhave, however, led statements of willingness to grant licenses under those rights on rea-sonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain suchlicenses. Details may be obtained fr

27、om the publisher.Jim HolthausChairman WG-8.4iCopyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA 102.BABA(This page intentionally left blank)iiCopyright Electronic Industries Allianc

28、e Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA 102.BABAProject 25Vocoder DescriptionVersion 1.41November 1995Digital Voice Systems Inc. (DVSI) claims certain rights, including patent rights, in theImproved Multi-Band

29、 Excitation (IMBE) voice coding algorithmdescribedinthisdocumentand elsewhere. Any use of this technology requires a separate written license from DVSI.DVSI is willing to grant aroyalty-bearing license to use the IMBE voice coding algorithmfor Project 25 under a set of standard terms and conditions.

30、 Details may be obtained bycontacting DVSI as indicated below.Digital Voice Systems, Inc.One Van de Graa DriveBurlington, MA 01803 USAPhone: (617) 270-1030Fax: (617) 270-0166DVSI acknowledges the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where the Multi-Band Exci-tation speech model was developed. In ad

31、dition DVSI acknowledges the Rome Air Devel-opment Center of the United States Air Force, which supported the early development ofthe Multi-Band Excitation speech model.c Copyright, Digital Voice Systems, Inc., 1995DVSI grants a free, irrevocable license to the Telecommunications Industry Associatio

32、n(TIA) to incorporate text contained in this contribution and any modi cations thereof inthe creation of a TIA standards publication; to copyright in TIAs name any TIA standardspublication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at TIAs solediscretion to permit others to reprod

33、uce in whole or in part the resulting TIA standardspublication.Note: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this standardmay require use of one or more inventions covered by patent rights.By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the validit

34、y of thoseclaims or of any patentrights in connection therewith. The patent holders so far identi edhave, however, led statements of willingness to grant licenses under those rights on rea-sonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain suchlicenses. Details may b

35、e obtained from the publisher.IMBE is a trademark of Digital Voice Systems, Inc.iiiCopyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA 102.BABA(This page intentionally left blank)ivC

36、opyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA 102.BABAContents1 Scope 12 Introduction 13 Multi-Band Excitation Speech Model 34 Speech Input/Output Requirements 65 Speech Analysi

37、s 85.1 Pitch Estimation : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 105.1.1 Determination of E(P) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 125.1.2 PitchTracking : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 125.1.3 Look-Back PitchTracking : : : : : : : :

38、: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 135.1.4 Look-Ahead PitchTracking : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 145.1.5 Pitch Re nement : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 165.2 Voiced/Unvoiced Determination : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 185.3 Estimation of t

39、he Spectral Amplitudes : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 216 Parameter Encoding and Decoding 236.1 Fundamental Frequency Encoding and Decoding : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 236.2 Voiced/Unvoiced Decision Encoding and Decoding : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 256.3 Spectral Amplitudes Encoding : :

40、 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 266.3.1 Encoding the Gain Vector : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 296.3.2 Encoding the Higher Order DCT Coecients : : : : : : : : : : : : : 306.4 Spectral Amplitudes Decoding : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 326.4.1 Decod

41、ing the Gain Vector : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 336.4.2 Decoding the Higher Order DCT Coecients : : : : : : : : : : : : : 346.5 Synchronization Encoding and Decoding : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 367 Bit Manipulations 377.1 Bit Prioritization : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

42、 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 38vCopyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA 102.BABA7.2 Encryption : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

43、 : : : 407.3 Error Control Coding : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 417.4 Bit Modulation : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 437.5 Bit Interleaving : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 457.6 Error Estimation : :

44、 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 457.7 Frame Repeats : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 467.8 Frame Muting : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 478 Spectral Amplitude Enhancement 479 Adaptive Smoothing 48

45、10 Parameter Encoding Example 5111 Speech Synthesis 5711.1 SpeechSynthesis Notation : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5711.2 Unvoiced SpeechSynthesis: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5811.3 Voiced Speech Synthesis : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

46、: : : : : : : : 6012 Additional Notes 63A Variable Initialization 64B Initial Pitch Estimation Window 65C Pitch Re nement Window 67D FIR Low Pass Filter 69E Gain Quantizer Levels 70F Bit Allocation and Step Size for Transformed Gain Vector 71G Bit Allocation for Higher Order DCT Coecients 75H Bit Fr

47、ame Format 94viCopyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA 102.BABAI Speech Synthesis Window 95J Log Magnitude Prediction Residual Block Lengths 97K Flow Charts 98viiCopyrigh

48、t Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA 102.BABAList of Figures1 Improved Multi-Band Excitation SpeechCoder : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 22 Comparison of Traditional and MBE S

49、peechModels : : : : : : : : : : : : : 53 Analog FrontEnd : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 64 Analog Input/Output Filter Mask : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 75 IMBE Speech Analysis Algorithm : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 86 High Pass Filter Frequency Response at 8 kHz Sampling Rate :