SAE AMS 2801B-2003 Heat Treatment of Titanium Alloy Parts《钛合金零件的热处理》.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p

3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497

4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2801B AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2801 REV. B Issued 1990-07 Revised 2

5、003-03 Reaffirmed 2014-02 Superseding AMS2801A Heat Treatment of Titanium Alloy Parts RATIONALE AMS2801B has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. 1. SCOPE:1.1 Purpose: This specification covers the engineering requirements for heat treatment by part fabricators (users) or

6、their vendors or subcontractors, of parts (See 1.1.2) made from the following titanium alloys:Commercially Pure 6Al-4V(ELI) 3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr3Al-2.5V 6Al-6V-2Sn 13V-11Cr-3Al5AI-2.5Sn 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo 10V-2Fe-3Al8Al-1Mo-1V 6AI-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo 15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn6Al-4V1.1.1 Other Alloys and Heat Treatments: T

7、his specification may be used for heat treatment of parts made from alloys other than the above, provided temperatures, times, and quenchants are specified by the cognizant engineering organization. It is permissible, for specific parts, to use equipment, practices, and test methods which conformed

8、to AMS-H-81200 or MIL-H-81200 and were previously acceptable to the purchaser.1.1.2 Parts: Finished and semi-finished parts, including raw material, heat treated by the parts fabricators, or their vendors or subcontractors, during the fabrication process. (See 8.2.2.)1.2 Qualification of Raw Materia

9、l: The temperature, soaking time, and cooling rate requirements specified herein are applicable to testing of raw material by material producers, warehouses/distributors, and forge shops for capability to respond to heat treatment when some or all of these requirements are not included in the procur

10、ement specification.SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2801B Page 2 of 15 1.3 Raw Material: Heat treatment by material producers, forge shops, and warehouses/distributors, or their vendors, of products listed below should be performed in accordance with the procurement specification. (See 8.2.1.)Sheet, Plate, Foi

11、l, Bar, Rod, Wire, Tubing, Extruded Shapes, Forgings, and Castings.1.4 Heat Treatments: Heat treatments and their abbreviations covered by this specification are as follows:Anneal (ANN) Beta Solution Treated and Overaged (BSTOA)Stress Relief (SR) Solution Treat (ST)Age (AGE) Beta Solution Treat (BST

12、)Overage (OA) Solution Treat and Age (STA)Cold Worked and Aged (CWA) Solution Treat and Over Age (STOA)2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS: The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to

13、 a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply.2.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive,

14、Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 or www.sae.org.AMS 2750 PyrometryAMS 4901 Titanium Sheet, Strip, and Plate, Annealed, 70.0 ksi (483 MPa) Yield StrengthARP1962 Certification of Heat Treating Personnel2.2 ASTM Publications: Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or www.

15、astm.org.ASTM B 600 Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Titanium Alloy SurfacesASTM E 1447 Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity MethodSAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2801B Page 3 of 15 2.3 U.S. Government Publications: Available from DODSSP Subs

16、cription Services Desk, Building 40, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.BB-H-1168 Helium, TechnicalMIL-A-18455 Argon, TechnicalMIL-PRF-27407 Propellant Pressurizing Agent, Helium3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: 3.1 Equipment: 3.1.1 Pyrometry: Shall conform to AMS 2750.3.1.2 Furnaces: 3.1.2.1

17、Temperature Uniformity: Shall be as shown in Table 1.3.1.2.2 Heating Media: 3.1.2.2.1 Air and Non-Inert Atmospheres: Shall be free of reducing gases and other contaminants which may produce surface contamination in excess of that to be removed (see 3.2.10) or which may result in excess hydrogen pick

18、-up (see 3.1.2.2.5). Direct fired furnaces shall be controlled so that the flame is slightly oxidizing and there is no flame impingement on the parts. A coupon (See 3.1.2.2.5) shall accompany one load each week, heated above 1200 F (649 C), and be subsequently tested for excess hydrogen pick-up and

19、for surface contamination in excess of that to be removed. Parts with net dimensions shall not be heated above 1000 F (538 C) in air or non-inert atmosphere furnaces unless coated with a protective coating (See 3.1.2.2.1.2).3.1.2.2.1.1 Furnaces to be used above 1200 F (649 C which have contained a c

20、ontaminating atmosphere (e.g., endothermic, dissociated ammonia) shall be equipped so as to prevent leakage of the contaminating atmosphere into the working zone. Such furnaces shall be purged and tested for hydrogen pick-up before heat treating the first load of titanium parts.TABLE 1 - Temperature

21、 ToleranceHeat TreatmentTemperature ToleranceFTemperature ToleranceCAging15(1)(1)10 F (t6 C) for parts made from the following five alloys if temperature is 1025 F (552 C) or lower: 6Al-6V-2Sn, 13V-11Cr-3Al, 15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn, 10V-2Fe-3Al, and 3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr. 8Solution 25 14Stress Relief 25 14Anne

22、al 25 14SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2801B Page 4 of 15 3.1.2.2.1.2 Protective coatings may be used to avoid or minimize the detrimental effects of heating media when approved by the cognizant engineering organization.3.1.2.2.2 Inert Atmospheres (Helium and Argon): Shall meet the composition requirements of

23、 MIL-PRF-27407, Type I, MIL-A-18455, or BB-H-1168 as applicable. The dew point of the gas shall be -65 F (-54 C) or lower as it enters the furnace. For loads to be heated above 1000 F (538 C), containing parts having surfaces from which no material will be removed, one coupon (see 3.1.2.2.5) shall a

24、ccompany each load and be subsequently tested for alpha case (See 8.5). Test coupons are not needed for heat treatments under 1000 F (538 C).3.1.2.2.3 Vacuum: Vacuum pressure and leak rate shall be determined at room temperature before heating each load. Vacuum pressure shall be lower than 0.1 m of

25、mercury and leak rate shall be lower than 3 m of mercury per one-quarter hour with the vacuum pump isolated from the furnace chamber. Cooling may be accelerated by back-filling with inert gas conforming to 3.1.2.2.2. For loads to be heated above 1000 F (538 C) containing parts having surfaces from w

26、hich no material will be removed, one coupon (see 3.1.2.2.5) shall accompany each load and be subsequently tested for alpha case (see 8.5). Test coupons are not needed for heat treatments under 1000 F (538 C).3.1.2.2.4 Molten Salt and Fluidized Bed: Prohibited.3.1.2.2.5 Tests: Coupons of AMS 4901 co

27、mposition, nominally 0.020 inch (0.51 mm) thick by 1 inch (25 mm) wide shall be used to confirm conformance with heating media requirements. Hydrogen pick-up by coupons heated in air and other non-inert atmosphere furnaces shall not exceed 25 ppm when analyzed in accordance with ASTM E 1447. Coupons

28、 heat treated in vacuum or inert gas atmosphere furnaces shall be free from surface contamination determined in accordance with either the microhardness or bend test of AMS 4901 or a metallographic technique approved by the cognizant quality assurance organization.3.1.2.2.5.1 For heat treat loads co

29、ntaining small parts (e.g., fastener components) such parts may be substituted for the coupons specified in 3.1.2.2.5.3.1.3 Auxiliary Equipment: Fixtures, jigs, hangers, trays, racks, etc. shall be employed as necessary. The equipment shall not reduce the heating, cooling, or quenching rates below t

30、hose required for proper heat treatment.3.1.4 Quench Tanks: Shall be of sufficient size to permit complete immersion of parts and free movement of the quench medium adjacent to all surfaces of parts. Equipment shall be provided for agitation or circulation of the quench medium and/or the parts. The

31、volume of quenchant, and any auxiliary cooling equipment, shall be sufficient to maintain (1) a water quench below 100 F (38 C) during the quench, (2) a polymer quench below 120 F (49 C), and (3) an oil quench between 60 and 160 F (16 and 71 C) at the start of the quench and below 200 F (93 C) durin

32、g a quench. In addition, quench oils shall be used within the temperature range recommended by the oil manufacturer.SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2801B Page 5 of 15 3.2 Procedures: 3.2.1 Cleaning: Parts shall be cleaned, prior to heat treatment, in accordance with ASTM B 600 or other method approved by the c

33、ognizant engineering organization. Part surfaces shall be free of halogen compounds, such as residue from halogenated solvents and coolants, and salt from perspiration. Surfaces of parts, fixtures, racks, etc. shall be clean and free of dirt, water, oil, grease, paint, ink, crayon markings, die pick

34、-up, fingerprints, and other foreign material. After cleaning and prior to heat treatment in inert gas or vacuum furnaces, personnel handling parts shall wear clean, white cotton gloves, or equivalent.3.2.2 Racking: 3.2.2.1 Parts, other than rivets, bolts, nuts, and other small parts, shall be racke

35、d to ensure uniform heating and cooling throughout the load. These parts shall not be nested unless tests with load thermocouples (1) have established the necessary additional soaking time required and (2) have demonstrated that the arrangement will not affect uniformity of heating and cooling.3.2.2

36、.2 Rivets, bolts, nuts, and other small parts, with maximum thickness of 0.5 inch (13 mm), may be racked as in 3.2.2.1, or heated and soaked in baskets or continuous furnaces. When processed in baskets, maximum thickness of layers and minimum space between layers shall be 1 inch (25 mm). When proces

37、sed in continuous furnaces, parts shall not be layered.3.2.3 Heat Treatment: Shall be performed as specified herein unless an alternate treatment has been specified by the cognizant engineering organization. Treatments for alloys not covered herein shall be as specified by the cognizant engineering

38、organization. In both cases, the treatment specified should include the name (e.g., anneal, age), the set temperature, the soaking time, and quench or cooling medium.3.2.4 Control Instruments: Shall be set either at the set temperature specified or at an offset temperature based on the last temperat

39、ure uniformity determination. The offset temperature shall be within 5 F (3 C) for aging and 10 F (6 C) for other treatments of the specified set temperature and shall be posted on the instrument. The offset temperature shall be selected to optimize the temperature distribution within the furnace so

40、 that the highest and lowest temperatures are equidistant from the set temperature. For solution heat treatment of loads without load thermocouples in air and atmosphere (inert and non-inert), furnaces shall be stabilized at the set or offset temperature before loading parts.3.2.4.1 The posting of o

41、ffset temperatures shall preclude misinterpretation by specifying both the “desired” temperature and the corresponding “set” temperature (e.g., “When 700 F is desired, set at 704 F”).3.2.5 Start of Soaking (See 8.2.10) Time: Shall be determined by one of the following methods:3.2.5.1 Batch Furnaces

42、- Method 1: When the furnace temperature, as shown by the controlling indicating or recording instrument(s), reaches the set or offset temperature.SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2801B Page 6 of 15 3.2.5.2 Batch Furnaces - Method 2: When the furnace temperature, as shown by the controlling indicator or recordi

43、ng instrument(s), reaches the minimum of the applicable range (See 3.2.5.2.1).3.2.5.2.1 The minimum of the applicable range is the temperature described by the set or offset temperature minus the tolerance specified for furnace temperature uniformity.3.2.5.2.2 When Method 2 is used, at least 75% of

44、soaking time shall be after the furnace temperature has reached the half-tolerance temperature (See 3.2.5.2.2.1).3.2.5.2.2.1 The half-tolerance temperature is the temperature described by the set or offset temperature minus half of the tolerance specified for furnace temperature uniformity.3.2.5.3 B

45、atch Furnaces - Method 3: When the temperature of at least two load sensors in contact with parts reaches the minimum of the applicable range (See 3.2.5.2.1).3.2.5.4 Batch Furnaces - Method 4: When the temperature of at least two load sensors in contact with parts, positioned so as to reflect the te

46、mperature at the center of the coldest parts (See 3.2.5.4.1), reaches the half-tolerance temperature (See 3.2.5.2.2.1). If this method is used, the soaking time may be reduced to that shown in Table 2 for 0.10 inch (2.5 mm) thickness.3.2.5.4.1 The coldest parts are those in the coldest portion of th

47、e furnace as shown by the last temperature uniformity test.3.2.5.5 Continuous Furnaces: Soaking time starts when parts enter the zone of the furnace shown by the last temperature uniformity test to be within the range described by the set temperature and the applicable tolerance.3.2.6 Solution Heat

48、Treating: Shall be performed in accordance with Table 2. Re-solution treatment is permitted only when approved by the cognizant engineering organization.3.2.7 Aging: Shall be performed in accordance with Table 4. Environment during cooling after aging shall be compatible with the heating environment

49、, i.e., it shall not increase alpha case thickness.3.2.8 Stress Relieving: Shall consist of soaking for 2 hours 0.25 at 1100 F (593 C) and air or furnace cooling except as in 3.2.8.1 and 3.2.8.2.3.2.8.1 Parts made from beta alloys (See 8.2.6) and any parts which have been solution heat treated (and not aged) shall not be stress relieved.3.2.8.2 For aged parts, the stress relieving temperature s