SAE AMS 2773E-2013 Heat Treatment Cast Nickel Alloy and Cobalt Alloy Parts《热处理浇铸镍合金和钴合金零部件》.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m

3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U

4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2773E AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2773 REV. E Issued 1999-01 Revised 2013-02 Super

5、seding AMS2773D Heat Treatment Cast Nickel Alloy and Cobalt Alloy Parts RATIONALE AMS2773E results from a Limited Scope Ballot to correct a referenced gas standard (3.1.2.3.2.2). 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification specifies the engineering requirements for heat treatment, by part fabricators (u

6、sers) or their vendors or subcontractors, of parts made of cast nickel or cobalt alloys and of fabricated assemblies in which cast nickel or cobalt alloys are the primary structural components. It is not intended to provide requirements for heat treating operations that are a responsibility of the c

7、asting supplier in meeting the requirements of the casting commodity specification. 1.2 Application 1.2.1 Alloys Detailed heat treating instructions are specified for the age-hardenable (precipitation-hardenable) and non-age-hardenable alloys listed in 8.2. However, this specification also may be us

8、ed for alloys other than those listed in 8.2 provided that temperatures, soaking times, and cooling requirements are specified by the cognizant engineering organization. 1.2.2 Heat Treatments Heat treatments covered by this specification are as follows: Homogenization (See 8.4.6) Solution Treating (

9、See 8.4.7) Stabilization (See 8.4.9) Precipitation (See 8.4.10) Stress Relief (See 8.4.8) SAE AMS2773E Page 2 of 14 1.3 Safety - Hazardous Materials While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, thi

10、s specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and processes and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all pe

11、rsonnel involved. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. Wh

12、en the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or

13、724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2750 Pyrometry AMS2769 Heat Treatment in a Vacuum AMS5377 Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 73Ni - 12Cr - 4.5Mo - 2.0Cb(Nb) - 0.70Ti - 0.05C - 6.0Al - 0.010B - 0.10Zr, Vacuum Cast, As Cast AMS5382 Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and

14、Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 54Co - 25.5Cr - 10.5Ni - 7.5W, As Cast AMS5383 Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Investment Castings, 52.5Ni - 19Cr - 3.0Mo - 5.1Cb(Nb) - 0.90Ti - 0.60Al - 18Fe, Vacuum Melted, Homogenization and Solution Heat Treated AMS5388 Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and

15、Heat-Resistant Investment Castings, 53.3Ni - 16.5Cr - 17Mo - 4.5W - 5.8Fe - 0.40V, As Cast AMS5390 Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 47.5Ni - 22Cr - 1.5Co - 9Mo - 0.60W - 18.5Fe, As Cast AMS5396 Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 65Ni - 28

16、Mo - 5.5Fe - 0.40V, As Cast AMS5399 Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 52Ni - 19Cr - 11Co - 9.8Mo - 3.2Ti - 1.6Al - 0.006B, Vacuum Melted, Vacuum Cast, Solution Heat Treated AMS5401 Nickel Alloy Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo -

17、3.6Cb(Nb), Vacuum Melted, Vacuum Cast, As Cast AMS5402 Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo - 3.6Cb(Nb), As Cast AMS5410 Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings 61Ni - 16Cr - 8.5Co - 1.8Mo - 2.6W - 0.85Cb(Nb) - 3.4Ti - 1.8Ta -

18、 3.4Al - 0.010B - 0.05Zr, Vacuum Melted, Vacuum Cast ARP1820 Chord Method of Evaluating Surface Microstructural Characteristics ARP1962 Training and Approval of Heat-Treating Personnel SAE AMS2773E Page 3 of 14 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box

19、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM E 3 Preparation of Metallographic Specimens ASTM E 10 Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E 18 Rockwell Hardness Metallic Materials ASTM E 384 Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials 2.3 U.S. Government Publication

20、s Available from the Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6257, https:/assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/. MIL-A-18455 Argon, Technical MIL-PRF-27201 Propellant, Hydrogen MIL-PRF-27401 Propellant Pressurizing Age

21、nt, Nitrogen MIL-PRF-27407 Propellant Pressurizing Agent, Helium BB-H-1168 Helium, Technical 2.4 CGA Publications Available from Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor, Chantilly VA 20151-2923, Tel: 703-788-2700, . CGA G-5.3 Commodity Specification for Hydrogen CGA G-9.1 Commo

22、dity Specification for Helium CGA G-10.1 Commodity Specification for Nitrogen CGA G-11.1 Commodity Specification for Argon 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Equipment 3.1.1 Pyrometry Shall conform to AMS2750. 3.1.2 Furnaces 3.1.2.1 Temperature Uniformity Shall be in accordance with AMS2750. SAE AMS2773E

23、 Page 4 of 14 3.1.2.2 Vacuum furnaces shall conform to the requirements of AMS2769. 3.1.2.3 Heating Media Protective Atmospheres shall be used whenever heat treating temperature is above 1600 F (871 C) unless parts will have sufficient surface material removed after heat treatment to eliminate high

24、temperature atmospheric effects, such as oxidation, alloy depletion, and carburization. Acceptable protective atmospheres include argon, helium, hydrogen, vacuum, and vacuum with partial pressure of any of these three gases. In addition, for non-age-hardening alloys, neutral salt baths and exothermi

25、c gas atmospheres are acceptable protective atmospheres when approved by the cognizant engineering organization (See 8.4.5). Direct fired furnaces shall be controlled so that there is no direct flame impingement on the parts. 3.1.2.3.1 Argon, Helium, and Hydrogen Gases Shall meet the composition req

26、uirements of MIL-A-18455 (argon), CGA G-11.1, Grade C (argon), MIL-PRF-27407 (helium), CGA G-9.1, Grade L, minimum (helium), BB-H-1168, Grade A (helium), or MIL-PRF-27201 or CGA G-5.3 (Grade B) (hydrogen), as applicable. The dew point of the gas shall be -60 F (-51 C) or lower as the gas enters the

27、furnace. Atmospheres of any of these gases in the furnace work zone shall have sufficient purity to avoid contamination or degradation of any part surface which will not have surface material removed after heat treatment. 3.1.2.3.2 Vacuum and Partial Pressure Atmospheres Shall be sufficient to avoid

28、 contamination or degradation of any part surface which will not have surface material removed after heat treatment. Vacuum furnaces shall have a cold leak rate of a maximum of 20 microns (20 m) per hour, which shall be determined (1) with pumps isolated from the furnace chamber, and (2) 15 to 60 mi

29、nutes after closing the vessel and evacuation to 50 microns (50 m) or lower; and furnaces shall be operated at pressures not higher than 10 microns (10 m) of mercury unless argon, helium, hydrogen, or a mixture of argon and helium gas conforming to 3.1.2.2.1 is used to provide a partial pressure. 3.

30、1.2.3.2.1 Argon or helium conforming to 3.1.2.3.1, or a mixture of the two, may be used to achieve partial pressures whenever necessary to avoid surface alloy depletion by sublimation of high vapor pressure elements such as aluminum and chromium. 3.1.2.3.2.2 Cooling may be accelerated by back-fillin

31、g with argon or helium conforming to 3.1.2.3.1 or with nitrogen conforming to either MIL-PRF-27401, Grade C or CGA G-10.1, Grade L, or combinations thereof, meeting the dew point requirements of 3.1.2.3.1. 3.1.2.3.3 Salt Baths Acceptable only for non-age-hardening alloys and, when approved by the co

32、gnizant engineering organization, shall be neutral with respect to the alloy being treated so as to avoid contamination or degradation of any part surfaces which will not be machined after heat treatment. 3.1.2.3.4 Exothermic Atmospheres Acceptable only for non-age-hardening alloys and, when approve

33、d by the cognizant engineering organization, shall be produced by the combustion of fuel gas in air, shall be neutral to slightly reducing with respect to the parts being treated, and shall be sufficiently low in sulfur content to avoid contamination or degradation of any part surfaces which will no

34、t have surface material removed after heat treatment. 3.1.3 Auxiliary Equipment Fixtures, jigs, hangers, trays, racks, etc. shall not cause contamination of the surface of parts and shall not reduce the heating, cooling, or quenching rates below those required for proper heat treatment. SAE AMS2773E

35、 Page 5 of 14 3.1.4 Cooling Shall be provided to cool parts according to the heat treatment requirements specified for each alloy. Acceptable cooling media may include air, oil, water, water-polymer solutions, salt, brine (nominally 10% by weight NaCl), argon, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and vacuum.

36、 The medium selected shall not contaminate or degrade any part surface which will not be machined after heat treatment. When air cooling (AC) (See 8.4.11) or rapid air cooling (RAC) (See 8.4.12) is specified, cooling media shall be used which will provide protection, if required, to avoid contaminat

37、ion or degradation of finished surfaces; cooling rates shall be achieved that will be equivalent to, or faster than, rates that would be achieved by AC or RAC, as specified. 3.1.4.1 Quenching Quenching baths shall permit complete immersion of parts and free circulation of the quenchant adjacent to a

38、ll surfaces of parts. Equipment shall agitate or circulate the quenchant and/or the parts. 3.2 Procedures 3.2.1 Cleaning 3.2.1.1 Prior to Heat Treatment Parts shall be thoroughly cleaned to remove all foreign material, including greases, oils, inks, pencil marks, and metal particles such as may be p

39、roduced by machining or straightening operations. 3.2.1.2 After Heat Treatment Parts which have been heat treated in molten salt or cooled in oil, molten salt, brine, or water-polymer solution shall be thoroughly cleaned to remove all residues of these materials. 3.2.2 Racking 3.2.2.1 Except as perm

40、itted in 3.2.2.2, parts shall be racked to ensure uniform heating and cooling throughout the load. Parts shall not be nested unless tests with load thermocouples have demonstrated that the arrangement will not affect uniformity of heating and cooling and will not reduce cooling rate below minimum re

41、quirements. 3.2.2.2 Small parts may be racked or heated and soaked in baskets or in a continuous furnace. Parts shall not be nested. Maximum thickness of layers, and minimum spacing between layers, shall be 1 inch (25 mm). 3.2.3 Control Instruments Shall be set either at the set temperature (See 8.4

42、.4) specified or at the offset temperature (See 8.4.4) based on the last temperature uniformity determination. The offset temperature shall be within 5 F (3 C) for precipitation treatments, and 10 F (6 C) for other treatments, of the specified set temperature and shall be posted on the instrument or

43、 programmed into the control system when a programmable system is in use. The offset temperature shall be selected to optimize the temperature distribution within the furnace so that the highest and lowest temperatures are equidistant from the set temperature. 3.2.3.1 The posting of the offset tempe

44、rature shall include, or consist of, a statement of both the “desired” temperature and the corresponding “set” temperature; e.g., “When 1000 F is desired, set at 1004 F”. 3.2.4 Heat Treatment Shall be performed as follows unless an alternate treatment has been specified by purchase order or by the c

45、ognizant engineering organization: SAE AMS2773E Page 6 of 14 3.2.4.1 The specified solution and stress-relief treatment for the non-age-hardening alloys shall be performed in accordance with Table 1. Soaking times from Table 2 shall be used when not specified in Table 1. The specified homogenization

46、, solution, precipitation, and stress relief treatments for age-hardening alloys shall be performed in accordance with Table 3. Tolerances for the soaking times for both aging-hardening and non-age-hardening alloys shall be as shown in Table 4. TABLE 1 - HEAT TREATMENT OF NON-AGE-HARDENING1CAST NICK

47、EL ALLOY AND COBALT ALLOY PARTS Casting Alloy Applicable AMS Purchased Condition2Solution Set Temperature3Stress Relief Set Temperature3INCONEL4Alloy 625 AMS5401 AMS5402 As cast 2100 F (1149 C)51 hour - AC 1800 F (982 C) 2 hours - AC Alloy B AMS5396 As cast 2150 F (1177 C) RAC Alloy C AMS5388 As cas

48、t 2225 F (1218 C) RAC Alloy X AMS5390 As cast 2150 F (1177 C) RAC 1800 F (982 C) 2 hours - AC STELLITE6Alloy 31 AMS5382 As cast Not applicable 1600 F (871 C) 2 hours - AC 1 Although normally considered to be non-age-hardening, these alloys, after solution heat treatment, are subject to some hardenin

49、g upon exposure to temperatures in the approximate range of 1200 to 1600 F (649 to 871 C). 2 Purchased Condition is the condition as specified in the applicable AMS. 3 AC = Air Cool; RAC = Rapid Air Cool (See 3.1.4). 4 INCONEL is a registered Trademark of the INCO Family of companies. 5 Solution heat treatment of 2175 F (1191 C) shall be used for parts of this alloy when specified by the cognizan