SAE AIR 4766 2-2005 Airborne Chemicals in Aircraft Cabins《飞机座舱内悬浮化学物质》.pdf
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1、 AEROSPACE INFORMATION REPORT Airborne Chemicals in Aircraft Cabins Issued 2005-02 AIR4766/2 FOREWORDAirborne chemicals occur in aircraft cabin air; measuring campaigns conducted since the early 1980s have measured or evidenced the presence of over 300 different chemical species in cabin air. Airbor
2、ne chemicals may be introduced into the cabin air from: Outside sources, such as airport or atmospheric environment Engine/APU emissions from operation and from ingestion of aircraft fluids including jet fuel, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and de-icing fluids Airline operations such as pesticide appl
3、ication or maintenance activities In-cabin sources, such as human metabolites and pathogens, cleaning products, off-gassing of furnishings materials, passenger carry-on baggage contents, food and beverage services and electrical failures Airplane systems such as Air Conditioning Systems (ACS), bleed
4、 and recirculated air system components Cabin air contaminant levels are normally low and safe. However, even at low concentrations, airborne chemicals may adversely affect passenger and crew comfort, due to possible odor or irritation effects. Increased contamination levels from leaks or equipment
5、wear or failure may affect occupant comfort, health and flight safety. Reaffirmed 2011-01SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability
6、and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestio
7、ns. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DO
8、CUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AIR4766/2SA
9、E AIR4766/2 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE.4 2. REFERENCES.4 2.1 Applicable Documents .4 2.1.1 SAE Publications5 2.1.2 FAA Publications5 2.1.3 Federal Register.8 2.1.4 JAR Joint Aviation Requirements Part 23 and 25 8 2.1.5 U.S. National Transportation Safety Board Publications8 2.1.6 U.S. Departme
10、nt of Defense Publications9 2.1.7 Occupational Safety and Health Administration Publications 9 2.1.8 ASTM Publications.9 2.1.9 ASHRAE Publications9 2.1.10 Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority .10 2.1.11 U.K. Civil Aviation Authority .102.1.12 Swedish Statens haverikommission.10 2.1.13 Other Ap
11、plicable Documents .10 2.2 Related Publications 10 2.2.1 Reference Organizations .14 2.3 Definitions 14 2.4 Acronyms and Unit Symbols 17 3. CABIN AIRBORNE CHEMICAL SOURCES AND CAUSES OF CONTAMINATION .22 3.1 Ground Operations in the Airport Environment 23 3.2 Engine and APU/Aircraft Systems and Equi
12、pment 24 3.3 In-Cabin Contamination Sources .25 3.4 Airframe and ECS (air distribution and ventilation) 25 4. INVESTIGATIVE MEASUREMENT METHODS 26 4.1 Gas Measurement27 4.1.1 Gas Measurement Monitors.28 4.1.2 Pump, Sorbent and Evacuated Canister Sampling28 4.1.3 Sorbent Sampling and GC/MS Protocols.
13、28 4.1.4 Biosensors .28 4.2 Particle Measurement 28 4.3 Measurement Method Precautions 29 4.3.1 Altitude and Temperature Corrections and Sampling 29 4.3.2 Measurement Units294.3.3 Measurement Criteria.30SAE AIR4766/2 - 3 - 5. COMFORT, HEALTH AND FLIGHT SAFETY31 6. REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES 37 6.1 A
14、viation 37 6.2 Spacecraft38 6.3 Non Aviation.38 7. CONTROL OF CONTAMINANTS BY DESIGN .39 7.1 Air Ventilation.41 7.2 Filtration Based Removal Systems 41 7.3 Chemical Based Contaminant Removal Systems41 7.4 Molecular Sieves427.5 Detection and Indication Systems42 7.6 Individual Protection Devices.43 8
15、. OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE44 8.1 Operations44 8.2 Cleaning Operations Associated to Leakage Event/ECS Ingestion.44 8.3 Maintenance and Top Up.45 8.4 Cabin Servicing469. REPORTING46 10.1 CONCLUSIONS.47 11. KEY WORDS .47 SAE AIR4766/2 - 4 - 1. SCOPE: This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provi
16、des information on aircraft cabin air quality, including: Airborne contaminant gases, vapors, and aerosols. Identified potential sources. Comfort, health and safety issues. Airborne chemical measurement. Regulations and standards. Operating conditions and equipment that may cause aircraft cabin cont
17、amination by airborne chemicals (including Failure Conditions and normal Commercial Practices). Airborne chemical control systems. It does not deal with airflow requirements. 2. REFERENCES: 2.1 Applicable Documents: The following publications contribute to the formulation of this document to the ext
18、ent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes p
19、recedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. This listing includes references that are not specifically cited, but provided as part of the content of this report. SAE AIR4766/2 - 5 - 2.1.1 SAE Publications: SA
20、E Publications are available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. ARP85 Air Conditioning Systems for Subsonic Airplanes ARP731 General Requirements for Application of Vapor Cycle Refrigeration Systems for Aircraft AIR825 Oxygen Equipment for Aircraft AIR910 Ozone in High Alti
21、tude Aircraft ARP986 Guide for Qualification Testing of Aircraft Air Valves AIR1539 Environmental Control System Contamination AIR1796 Engine Bleed Air Systems for Aircraft ARP4418 Procedure for Sampling and Measurement of Engine Generated Contaminants in Bleed Air Supplies from Aircraft Engines Und
22、er Normal Operating Conditions ARP4754 Certification Considerations for Highly-Integrated or Complex Aircraft Systems ARP4761 Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment AIR5784 A Review of Literature on the Relationship Between Gas Turbine Engine Lubricants and Aircraft Cabin Air Qu
23、alityAS8025 Passenger Oxygen Mask AS8031 Personal Protective Devices for Toxic and Irritating Atmospheres 2.1.2 FAA Publications: FAA Publications are available from Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591 and from the website www.faa.gov.SAE AIR4766/2 - 6
24、- 2.1.2.1 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations: Title 14, CFR Part 21 - “Certification Procedures for Products and Parts“ Title 14, CFR Part 23 - “Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes“ Title 14, CFR Part 25 - “Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Ai
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