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1、BSI Standards PublicationNanotechnologies VocabularyPart 4: Nanostructured materialsPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014. It is identical to ISO/TS 80004-4:2011. It supersedes DD ISO/TS 80004-

2、4:2011 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NTI/1, Nanotechnologies.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions o

3、f a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 87071 2 ICS 01.040.07; 07.030 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was pub

4、lished under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2011.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 January 2015 This corrigendum renumbers DD ISO/TS 80004-4:2011 as PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014PUBLISHED DOCUMENTTECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIF

5、ICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN ISO/TS 80004-4 December 2014 ICS 07.030; 01.040.07 English Version Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 4: Nanostructured materials (ISO/TS 80004-4:2011) Nanotechnologies - Vocabulaire - Partie 4: Matriaux nanostructurs (ISO/TS 80004-4:2011) Nanotechnol

6、ogien - Fachwrterverzeichnis - Teil 4: Nanostrukturierte Materialien (ISO/TS 80004-4:2011) This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 8 December 2014 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members

7、of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in

8、an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,

9、 Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdo

10、m. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 8

11、0004-4:2014 Eii ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword The text of ISO/TS 80004-4:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229 “Nanotechnologies” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 352

12、 “Nanotechnologies” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CE

13、NELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hung

14、ary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO/TS 80004-4:2011 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 wi

15、thout any modification. PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 (E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiIntroduction With increasing scientific knowledge and a growing number of technical terms in this field, the purpose of this Technical Specification is to define important terms for nanostr

16、uctured materials. Nanostructured materials are characterized by internal structures or surface structures at the nanoscale. Nano-objects (material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale) can be nanostructured. A material should not be classified as nanostructured based solely o

17、n its crystalline properties (three-dimensional arrangements of atoms or molecules forming a crystallite, short range order of atoms in amorphous or quasi-amorphous phases, grain boundaries, intragranular interfaces, dislocations, etc.). In contrast, materials with a grain size distribution having a

18、 significant fraction of grains in the nanoscale (nanocrystalline), voids and pores in the nanoscale, or precipitations in the nanoscale (i.e. nano-objects in a solid matrix) are sufficient features for materials to be classified as “nanostructured” (see ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, 2.4, nanomaterial). Simi

19、larly, almost all materials always have surfaces with morphological and chemical heterogeneities in the nanoscale. Only surfaces that have been intentionally modified or textured to have morphological or chemical heterogeneities in the nanoscale identify materials as “nanostructured”. Five categorie

20、s of nanostructured materials are covered in this Technical Specification (see Figure 1): 1) nanostructured powder; 2) nanocomposite; 3) solid nanofoam; 4) nanoporous material; 5) fluid nanodispersion. For some of these five categories, a number of subcategory terms are also defined. The category an

21、d subcategory terms are not comprehensive; additional categories and subcategories will be added in later revisions of this Technical Specification. Nanostructured material3.2 nanocompositeGeneral termsnanostructurednanophasenanoporenanodispersionnanofoam3.3 solid nanofoam3.4 nanoporous material3.5

22、fluid nanodispersion3.1 nanostructured powderFigure 1 Categories of nanostructured materials defined in this Technical Specification PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 (E)iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedIn both nanopowders and fluid nanodispersions, the nano-objects (or their aggregat

23、es or agglomerates) are arranged in a non-random distribution (generating a short-range order, i.e. a structure). Also, it is recognized that in many cases the nano-objects (or their aggregates or agglomerates) will interact with the molecules of the liquid (particularly in polar liquids) in a thin

24、boundary layer on the surface of each particle. The homogeneity of properties in the liquid is modified in terms of a “nanostructure”. The effects can be revealed by physico-chemical measurements. If, on the other hand, the liquid medium serves as a background and there is no particular interrelatio

25、n among the nano-objects contained within it, then such a nanosuspension is not considered “nanostructured” as a whole but rather just as an ensemble of nano-objects. In this sense, the term “nanosuspension” as defined here recognizes a grey zone between nanostructured material and a material consis

26、ting of nano-objects. Overall, the conclusion was that the term “nanosuspension” should be included in this Technical Specification because of its current and expanding usage to describe materials in the field. PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 (E)TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO 2011 Al

27、l rights reserved 1Nanotechnologies Vocabulary Part 4: Nanostructured materials 1 Scope This Technical Specification gives terms and definitions for materials in the field of nanotechnologies where one or more components are nanoscale regions and the materials exhibit properties attributable to the

28、presence of those nanoscale regions. It is intended to facilitate communications between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with them. Materials have topographical or compositional features at the nanoscale, but this is not sufficient to classify the material as nanostr

29、uctured. Materials classified as nanostructured have an internal or surface structure with a significant fraction of features, grains, voids or precipitates in the nanoscale. Articles that contain nano-objects or nanostructured materials are not necessarily nanostructured materials themselves. This

30、Technical Specification includes nanodispersion. 2 Basic terms used in the description of nanostructured material 2.1 nanoscale size range from approximately 1 nm to 100 nm NOTE 1 Properties that are not extrapolations from a larger size will typically, but not exclusively, be exhibited in this size

31、 range. For such properties the size limits are considered approximate. NOTE 2 The lower limit in this definition (approximately 1 nm) is introduced to avoid single and small groups of atoms from being designated as nano-objects or elements of nanostructures, which might be implied by the absence of

32、 a lower limit. ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.1 2.2 nano-object material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1) NOTE Generic term for all discrete nanoscale objects. ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.5 2.3 nanomaterial material with any external dimension in the nanosc

33、ale (2.1) or having internal structure or surface structure in the nanoscale NOTE This generic term is inclusive of nano-object (2.2) and nanostructured material (2.11). ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.4 PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 (E)2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved2.4 nanopa

34、rticle nano-object (2.2) with all three external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1) NOTE If the lengths of the longest to the shortest axes of the nano-object differ significantly (typically by more than three times), the terms nanofibre (2.5) or nanoplate (2.6) are intended to be used instead of the

35、 term nanoparticle. ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 4.1 2.5 nanofibre nano-object (2.2) with two similar external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1) and the third dimension significantly larger NOTE Adapted from ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 4.3. 2.6 nanoplate nano-object (2.2) with one external dimens

36、ion in the nanoscale (2.1) and the two other external dimensions significantly larger NOTE 1 The smallest external dimension is the thickness of the nanoplate. NOTE 2 The two significantly larger dimensions are considered to differ from the nanoscale dimension by more than three times. NOTE 3 The la

37、rger external dimensions are not necessarily in the nanoscale. ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 4.2 2.7 aggregate particle comprising strongly bonded or fused particles where the resulting external surface area may be significantly smaller than the sum of calculated surface areas of the individual comp

38、onents NOTE 1 The forces holding an aggregate together are strong forces, for example covalent bonds, or those resulting from sintering or complex physical entanglement. NOTE 2 Aggregates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed primary particles. ISO/TS 27687

39、:2008, definition 3.3 2.8 agglomerate collection of weakly bound particles or aggregates or mixtures of the two where the resulting external surface area is similar to the sum of the surface areas of the individual components NOTE 1 The forces holding an agglomerate together are weak forces, for exa

40、mple van der Waals forces, or simple physical entanglement. NOTE 2 Agglomerates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed primary particles. ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 3.2 2.9 nanostructure composition of inter-related constituent parts in which one or more

41、of those parts is a nanoscale (2.1) region NOTE A region is defined by a boundary representing a discontinuity in properties. ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.6 PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 (E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 32.10 nanostructured having internal or surface struct

42、ure in the nanoscale (2.1) NOTE If external dimensions are in the nanoscale, the term nano-object (2.2) is recommended. 2.11 nanostructured material material having internal or surface structure in the nanoscale (2.1) NOTE 1 If external dimensions are in the nanoscale, the term nano-object (2.2) is

43、recommended. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.7. 2.12 nanophase physically or chemically distinct region or collective term for physically distinct regions of the same kind in a material with the discrete regions having one, two or three dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1) NOTE Na

44、no-objects (2.2) embedded in another phase constitute a nanophase. 2.13 nanopore cavity with at least one dimension in the nanoscale (2.1), which may contain a gas or liquid NOTE 1 The shape and content of the cavity can vary. The concept of nanopore overlaps with micropore (pore with width of about

45、 2 nm or less), mesopore (pore with width between approximately 2 nm and 50 nm), and macropore (pore with width greater than about 50 nm). See ISO 15901-3:2007. NOTE 2 When nanopores are appropriately interconnected they may allow for transport through the material (permeability). 2.14 nanodispersio

46、n material in which nano-objects (2.2) or a nanophase (2.12) are dispersed in a continuous phase of a different composition 2.15 nanofoam liquid or solid matrix, filled with a second, gaseous phase, typically resulting in a material of much lower density with a nanostructured (2.10) matrix, for exam

47、ple having nanoscale (2.1) struts and walls, or a gaseous nanophase (2.12) consisting of nanoscale bubbles (closed nanofoam), or both 3 Terms describing categories of nanostructured material 3.1 nanostructured powder powder comprising nanostructured agglomerates (3.1.2), nanostructured aggregates (3

48、.1.1), or other particles of nanostructured material (2.11) NOTE The term “powder” is used in the sense of an assembly of discrete particles, usually less than 1 mm in size (see ISO 3252:1999, definition 1001). 3.1.1 nanostructured aggregate aggregate (2.7) formed from nano-objects (2.2) NOTE By def

49、inition, aggregates cannot easily release nano-objects. PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014 (E)4 ISO 2011 All rights reserved3.1.2 nanostructured agglomerate agglomerate (2.7) of nano-objects (2.2), or agglomerate of nanostructured (2.10) aggregates (2.7) 3.1.3 nanostructured core-shell particle particle consisting of a core and shell(s), where the diameter of the core or the thickness of the shell is in the nanoscale (2.1) NOTE If at least one external dimension is at the nanoscale, the term nano-object (2.2) is pref