DIN EN ISO 17556-2012 Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount .pdf

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1、December 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 15No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I

2、CS 83.080.01!$;“1929124www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 17556Plastics Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plasticmaterials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer orthe amount of carbon dioxide evolved (ISO 17556:2012);English version EN ISO 17556:2012,English translation

3、 of DIN EN ISO 17556:2012-12Kunststoffe Bestimmung der vollstndigen aeroben biologischen Abbaubarkeit vonKunststoffmaterialien im Boden durch Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einemRespirometer oder der Menge des entstandenen Kohlendioxids (ISO 17556:2012);Englische Fassung EN ISO 17556:2012,Englisch

4、e bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 17556:2012-12Plastiques Dtermination de la biodgradabilit arobie ultime des matriaux plastiques dans le solpar mesure de la demande en oxygne dans un respiromtre ou de la teneur en dioxydede carbone libr (ISO 17556:2012);Version anglaise EN ISO 17556:2012,Traduction angla

5、ise de DIN EN ISO 17556:2012-12SupersedesDIN EN ISO 17556:2005-03www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.3411.12 DIN EN ISO 17556:2012-12 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been pre

6、pared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics”, Subcommittee SC 5 “Plastics Physical-chemical properties” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” (Secretariat: NBN, Belgium). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normen

7、ausschuss Kunststoffe (Plastics Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 054-01-07 AA Bioabbaubare Kunststoffe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in lause 2 of this document are as follows: ISO 10381-6 DIN ISO 10381-6 ISO 10390 DIN ISO 10390 ISO 10634 DIN E

8、N ISO 10634 ISO 10694 DIN ISO 10694 ISO 11274 DIN ISO 11274 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 17556:2005-03 as follows: a) the Introduction has been revised; b) a definition of the term “total organic carbon” has been added (see Subclause 3.14); c) the temperature of the test environm

9、ent has been changed (see Clause 5); d) the specifications for the analytical instrument for determining the amount of carbon dioxide evolved have been revised (see Subclause 7.2.3); e) Subclause 8.1 describing the preparation of the test material has been revised; f) Subclause 8.3.1 describing the

10、collection and sieving of soil has been revised; g) the use of a standard soil is now permitted as an alternative to natural soil (see Subclause 8.3.2); h) Subclause 8.4 describing the start-up and execution of the test has been revised; i) the test report has been extended (see Clause 11); j) a new

11、 annex (Annex F) giving examples of long-term tests has been added; k) a new annex (Annex G) giving the results of round-robin testing has been added. Previous editions DIN EN ISO 17556: 2005-03 CDIN EN ISO 17556:2012-12 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 10634, Water quality

12、Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly watersoluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous medium DIN ISO 10381-6, Soil quality Sampling Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for the assessment of aerobic micro

13、bial processes in the laboratory DIN ISO 10390, Soil quality Determination of pH DIN ISO 10694, Soil quality Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis) DIN ISO 11274, Soil quality Determination of the water retention characteristics Laboratory methods DIN EN

14、 ISO 17556:2012-12 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 17556 August 2012 ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 17556:2004English Version Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the o

15、xygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved Plastiques - Dtermination de la biodgradabilit arobie ultime des matriaux plastiques dans le sol par mesure de la demande en oxygne dans un respiromtre ou de la teneur en dioxyde de carbone libr (ISO 17556:2012) Kunststoffe - Bes

16、timmung der vollstndigen aeroben biologischen Abbaubarkeit von Kunststoffmaterialien im Boden durch Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem Respirometer oder der Menge des entstandenen Kohlendioxids (ISO 17556:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 July 2012. CEN members are bound to

17、comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CEN

18、ELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has th

19、e same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemb

20、ourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN A

21、ll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17556:2012: E(ISO 17556:2012) Contents Page DIN EN ISO 17556:2012-12 EN ISO 17556:2012 (E) 2 Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4

22、Principle 7 5 Test environment .8 6 Materials .8 7 Apparatus .8 8 Procedure .8 8.1 Preparation of the test material 8 8.2 Preparation of the reference material 9 8.3 Preparation of the test soil .9 8.4 Start-up and execution of the test 11 9 Calculation and expression of results .13 9.1 Calculation

23、13 9.2 Expression and interpretation of results 14 10 Validity of results .14 11 Test report 14 Annex A (informative) Principle of a manometric respirometer (example) .16 Annex B (informative) Example of a system for measuring the amount of carbon dioxide evolved .17 Annex C (informative) Examples o

24、f methods for the determination of evolved carbon dioxide 18 Annex D (informative) Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) .20 Annex E (informative) Example of a determination of the amount and the molecular mass of water-insoluble polymer remaining at the end of a biodegradation test .21 Annex F (informat

25、ive) Examples of long-term tests 22 Annex G (informative) Round-robin testing26 Bibliography 30 Foreword This document (EN ISO 17556:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by

26、 NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility tha

27、t some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 17556:2004. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizat

28、ions of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malt

29、a, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17556:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 17556:2012 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 17556:2012-12 EN ISO 17556:2012 (E) 3 I

30、ntroductionA number of plastic materials and products have been designed for applications ending up in or on soil. They have been developed for applications where biodegradation is beneficial from a technical, environmental, social or economic standpoint. Examples can be found in agriculture (e.g. m

31、ulching film), horticulture (e.g. twines and clips, flower pots, pins), funeral items (e.g. body bags), recreation (e.g. plastic “clay” pigeons for shooting, hunting cartridges), etc. In many cases, recovery and/or recycling of these plastic items is either difficult or not economically viable. Vari

32、ous types of biodegradable plastics have been developed which have been designed to biodegrade and disappear in situ at the end of their useful life. Several International Standards specify test methods for determining the ultimate aerobic or anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in aqueous

33、or compost conditions. Considering the use and disposal of biodegradable plastics, it is important to establish a test method to determine the ultimate aerobic biodegradation of such plastic materials in soil.DIN EN ISO 17556:2012-12 EN ISO 17556:2012 (E) 4 WARNING Appropriate precautions should be

34、taken when handling soil because it might contain potentially pathogenic organisms. Toxic test compounds and those whose properties are unknown should be handled with care.1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials

35、 in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved. The method is designed to yield an optimum degree of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity of the test soil.If a non-adapted soil is used as an inoculum, the test simulates the biodegradation

36、 processes which take place in a natural environment; if a pre-exposed soil is used, the method can be used to investigate the potential biodegradability of a test material.This method applies to the following materials: natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures of these; plastic mat

37、erials which contain additives such as plasticizers or colorants; water-soluble polymers.It does not necessarily apply to materials which, under the test conditions, inhibit the activity of the microorganisms present in the soil. Inhibitory effects can be measured using an inhibition control or by a

38、nother suitable method. If the test material inhibits the microorganisms in the soil, a lower test material concentration, another type of soil or a pre-exposed soil can be used.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated

39、 references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 10381-6, Soil quality Sampling Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of mic

40、robiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratoryISO 10390, Soil quality Determination of pHISO 10634, Water quality Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous mediumISO 1069

41、4, Soil quality Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis)ISO 11274, Soil quality Determination of the water-retention characteristic Laboratory methodsDIN EN ISO 17556:2012-12 EN ISO 17556:2012 (E) 5 3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document,

42、 the following terms and definitions apply.3.1ultimate aerobic biodegradationbreakdown of an organic compound by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) plus new biomass3.2biochemical oxygen demandBODmass co

43、ncentration of dissolved oxygen consumed under specified conditions by the aerobic biological oxidation of a chemical compound or organic matterNOTE It is expressed as milligrams of oxygen uptake per milligram or gram of test compound.3.3dissolved organic carbonDOCthat part of the organic carbon in

44、water which cannot be removed by specified phase separationNOTE 1 It is expressed as milligrams of carbon per 100 milligrams of test compound.NOTE 2 Typical means of separation are centrifugation at 40 000 ms2for 15 min or membrane filtration using membranes with pores of diameter 0,2 m to 0,45 m.3.

45、4theoretical oxygen demandThODmaximum theoretical amount of oxygen required to oxidize a chemical compound completely, calculated from the molecular formulaNOTE It is expressed as milligrams of oxygen uptake per milligram or gram of test compound.3.5theoretical amount of evolved carbon dioxideThCO2m

46、aximum theoretical amount of carbon dioxide evolved after completely oxidizing a chemical compound, calculated from the molecular formulaNOTE It is expressed as milligrams of carbon dioxide evolved per milligram or gram of test compound.3.6lag phasetime, measured in days, from the start of a test un

47、til adaptation and/or selection of the degrading microorganisms is achieved and the degree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter has increased to about 10 % of the maximum level of biodegradation3.7biodegradation phasetime, measured in days, from the end of the lag phase of a te

48、st until about 90 % of the maximum level of biodegradation has been reached3.8maximum level of biodegradationdegree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter in a test, above which no further biodegradation takes place during the testDIN EN ISO 17556:2012-12 EN ISO 17556:2012 (E) 6 3.9plateau phasetime from the end of the biodegradation phase until the end of the testNOTE It is measured in days.3.10pre-conditioningpre-incubation of soil under the conditions of the subsequent