BS ISO 5466-1997 Photography - Processed safety photographic films - Storage practices《摄影技术 已处理的安全摄影胶片 存储惯例》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 5466:1996 Photography Processed safety photographic films Storage practices ICS 37.040.20BSISO5466:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board, was published under theauthority of the Standards Board a

2、nd comes into effect on 15May1997 BSI 09-1999 ISBN 0 580 27511 6 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO5466:1996and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography, which has the resp

3、onsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A

4、list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “Internat

5、ional Standards Correspondence Index”, or using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a Britis

6、h Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages1to15 and abackcover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amen

7、dments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO5466:1996 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 5466 1ii blankBSISO5466:1996 ii BSI 09-1999

8、 Contents Page Foreword iii Introduction 1 1 Scope 2 2 Normative references 2 3 Definitions 2 4 Film enclosures 3 5 Storage housing 4 6 Storage rooms 5 7 Environmental conditions 5 8 Fire-protective storage 8 9 Film identification, handling and inspection 8 Annex A (normative) Distinction between st

9、orage copies and work copies 10 Annex B (informative) Advantages and disadvantages of protective (sealed)enclosures 10 Annex C (informative) Air-entrained and gaseous impurities 11 Annex D (informative) Humidity during storage 11 Annex E (informative) Temperature during storage 11 Annex F (informati

10、ve) Temperature/relative humidity relationship 12 Annex G (informative) Historic still photographic records 13 Annex H (informative) Microscopic blemishes 13 Annex I (informative) Fire protection 13 Annex J (informative) Bibliography 13 Figure F.1 Temperature/relative humidity relationship for cellu

11、losetriacetatefilm to attain a fixed acidity level 12 Table 1 Maximum temperatures and relative humidity range for storage 5 Descripteurs: Photography, photographic equipment, photographic film, exposed photographic film, storage, preservation.BSISO5466:1996 BSI 09-1999 iii Foreword ISO (the Interna

12、tional Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has be

13、en established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical stan

14、dardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO5466was prepared by Technical Commi

15、ttee ISO/TC42, Photography. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO5466:1992), which has been technically revised. Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Annex B to Annex J are for information only.iv blankBSISO5466:1996 BSI 09-1999 1 Introduction Phot

16、ographic film is an important documentary and pictorial material. There is a recognized need for information on safeguarding photographic film having legal, scientific, industrial, artistic or historical value. The value of such records used in archives, museums, libraries, government, commerce and

17、universities has focused attention on the care of such records to ensure their longest possible life 12 . Films are susceptible to degradation from many sources. These factors may be divided into three general categories as follows. a) Nature of the photographic film The stability of photographic fi

18、lm records depends on the physical and chemical nature of the film. Only safety photographic films are suitable for storage; the specification for safety photographic film is given in ISO543. For preservation purposes, processed photographic films are classified according to their life expectancy or

19、 LE designation. These are specified in the appropriate International Standards. The term “archival” is no longer used to express longevity or stability in International Standards on imaging materials since it has been interpreted as having many meanings, ranging from the preserving of information “

20、for ever” to the temporary storage of actively used information. The best film material for preservation is silver-gelatin-type film which meets the requirements of ISO10602. This International Standard also applies to processed colour, diazo (ISO8225) and vesicular (ISO9718) films. Although these f

21、ilm types may not have as high an LE designation, excellent keeping properties have been obtained with many of them. For the optimum preservation of photographic information, a high LE film should be used and it should be stored under extended-term storage conditions. b) Photographic processing of t

22、he film For black-and-white silver-gelatin-type film, ISO10602specifies a maximum residual thiosulfate level and residual silver compounds level for different LE classifications. For diazo film, ISO8225specifies a proper development test. ISO9718 includes both a proper development test and a residua

23、l diazonium salt test for vesicular film. c) Storage conditions The conditions under which safety photographic film records should be stored are extremely important for the preservation of film and are the subject of this International Standard. The important elements affecting preservation of proce

24、ssed film are humidity, temperature and pollutants of the air, as well as the hazards of fire, water, light, fungal growth, insects, microbiological attack, contact with certain chemicals in solid, liquid or gaseous form, and physical damage due to handling. Direct contact with other generic types o

25、f film can be detrimental to either film. The extent to which humidity, temperature, atmospheric contaminants or variations thereof can be permitted to reach beyond recommended limits without producing adverse effects will depend upon the duration of exposure, on the biological conditions conducive

26、to fungal growth, and on the accessibility of this atmosphere to the emulsion and support surfaces. Exposure to high temperatures and, in particular, to high humidities can lead to degradation of the film supports and the photographic emulsion 345 . Cellulose ester base films are more subject to bas

27、e degradation than polyester base films. There are two levels of storage conditions 1) medium term, 2) extended term. Extended-term storage conditions were called “archival” storage conditions in the1992issue of this International Standard but this name change was made to remove the term “archival”

28、from International Standards. Medium-term storage can be used for films where the information is to be preserved a minimum of10years, while extended-term storage conditions will prolong the life of all films, even those not optimized for permanence. The storage protection provided by each level will

29、 differ in degree, as will the cost of providing and maintaining the storage facility. Immediate availability of space and cost may need to be considered when selecting storage conditions. It is recognized that many facilities may not be able to obtain the low humidity and low temperature levels spe

30、cified in this International Standard because of energy considerations, climate conditions or building construction. Such deviations from the specified conditions will reduce the degree of protection offered, and in such cases maintaining a humidity as low as possible will still provide some benefit

31、s.BSISO5466:1996 2 BSI 09-1999 This International Standard is not designed to provide protection against natural or manmade catastrophes, with the exception of fire and associated hazards which are sufficiently common to warrant inclusion of protection measures. In addition to the specifications in

32、this International Standard, good storage practices must consider the filing enclosure. This is covered in ISO10214. 1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard provides requirements and recommendations concerning the storage conditions, storage facilities, handling and inspection for all processed safe

33、ty photographic films (hereafter referred to as photographic film) in roll, strip, aperture-card or sheet form, regardless of size. 1.2 This International Standard applies to extended-term and medium-term storage of photographic film as defined in clause3. 1.3 It applies to photographic film records

34、 intended as storage copies, which should not be in frequent use. It does not apply to “work” or “use” copies (seeAnnex A). 1.4 This International Standard, while intended for materials that are well processed, should also be of considerable value in prolonging the useful life of photographic film w

35、hose processing conditions are unknown, or that have been toned, retouched or have markings with materials of uncertain or unknown stability. 1.5 This International Standard applies only to safety photographic film (see ISO543). Nitrate base films are hazardous and are not covered by this Internatio

36、nal Standard 6 . They require special storage considerations 7 . 1.6 The storage of photographic paper and photographic plates requires different considerations. They are not covered in this International Standard, but are described in ISO6051and ISO3897, respectively. 2 Normative references The fol

37、lowing standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are en

38、couraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 543:1990, Photography Photographic films Specifications for safety film. ISO 10214:1991, Photograph

39、y Processed photographic materials Filing enclosures for storage. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 archival medium recording material that can be expected to retain information for ever, so that such information can be retrieved with

40、out significant loss when properly stored NOTEThere is, however, no such material and it is not a term to be used in International Standards material or system specifications. 3.2 duplicate reproduction of a master, retaining the same polarity and size 3.3 extended-term storage conditions storage co

41、nditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information having permanent value 3.4 fire-protective storage facilities facilities designed to protect photographic film against excessive temperatures, water and other fire-fighting agents, and steam developed by the insulation of safes or caused

42、 by the extinguishing of fires and collapsing structures 3.5 life expectancy (LE) length of time that information is predicted to be retrievable in a system under extended-term storage conditions 3.6 LE designation rating for the “life expectancy” (see3.5) of recording materials and associated retri

43、eval systems NOTEThe number following the LE symbol is a prediction of the minimum life expectancy, in years, for which information can be retrieved without significant loss when stored under extended-term storage conditions. For example, LE-100indicates that information can be retrieved for at leas

44、t100years storage. 3.7 medium-term storage conditions storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information for a minimum of ten yearsBSISO5466:1996 BSI 09-1999 3 3.8 open enclosure enclosure which is intended for physical protection against mechanical damage, but is neither light

45、-tight nor airtight. Such enclosures may be reels, cores, spools, cassettes, magazines, folders, envelopes, cartons, boxes, sleeves, transparency mounts or aperture cards 3.9 protective enclosure light-tight, impermeable container used for protection from outside factors such as reactive gases and m

46、oisture, including relative humidity changes 3.10 safety photographic film film that meets flammability specifications defined in ISO543 3.11 storage housing physical structure supporting photographic materials and their enclosures NOTEIt may consist of drawers, racks, shelves or cabinets. 4 Film en

47、closures All enclosures used for medium-term and extended-term storage shall meet the requirements of ISO10214. 4.1 Film in roll form 4.1.1 Medium-term storage enclosures Aerial film, microfilm, motion-picture film, and some portrait films are wound on reels or cores and stored in roll form. Rolls s

48、hall all be wound tightly, but not under extreme tensions. A tension caused by0,3N of pullout force for a 35mm width is recommended. Rolls greater than150m in length shall be stored so that the radius of the roll is in the horizontal position and the film is supported on its edges. Rolls less than15

49、0m in length may also be stored with the radius of the roll in the vertical position, if the core itself is supported by a horizontal spindle inserted into the cores so as to avoid pressure on the bottom of the roll. However, if such rolls are on reels or spools which have flanges, a spindle is not required since the flanges support the weight of the roll. Motion-picture film shall be wound with the emulsion surface on the inside of the roll, as this improves subsequent projection performance 8 . Rolls of photographic film shall be stored, prefe