BS EN ISO 534-2011 Paper and board Determination of thickness density and specific volume《纸和纸板 厚度、密度和比容的测定》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 534:2011Paper and board Determination of thickness,density and specific volume(ISO 534:2011)BS EN ISO 534:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is

2、 the UK implementation of EN ISO 534:2011. Itsupersedes BS EN ISO 534:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request

3、 to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 68120 2ICS 85.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard wa

4、s published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 534 November 2011 ICS 85.060 Supersedes EN ISO 534:2005English Version Paper and board - Det

5、ermination of thickness, density and specific volume (ISO 534:2011) Papier et carton - Dtermination de lpaisseur, de la masse volumique et du volume spcifique (ISO 534:2011)Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung der Dicke, der Dichte und des spezifischen Volumens (ISO 534:2011) This European Standard was app

6、roved by CEN on 2 December 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nation

7、al standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own languag

8、e and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia

9、, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

10、 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 534:2011: EBS EN ISO 534:2011EN ISO 534:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 534:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board and pulps“ in col

11、laboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 “Pulp, paper and board” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national s

12、tandards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO

13、 534:2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icela

14、nd, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 534:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 534:2011 without any modification. BS EN I

15、SO 534:2011ISO 534:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope 12 Normative references .13 Terms and definitions .14 Principle .25 Apparatus 26 Sampling 37 Conditioning .38 Preparation of test pieces .38.1 General .38.2 Single sheet thickness .38.3 Bulking thickness 39 Pr

16、ocedure 49.1 General .49.2 Verification and calibration of micrometer .49.3 Determinations .410 Calculation and expression of results .510.1 Single sheet thickness .510.2 Bulking thickness 510.3 Apparent density .610.4 Apparent specific volume .611 Test report .7Annex A (normative) Verification of m

17、icrometer performance and calibration .8Annex B (informative) Precision .10Bibliography .13BS EN ISO 534:2011ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is n

18、ormally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part i

19、n the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepar

20、e International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some

21、 of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 534 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper an

22、d board.This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 534:2005), which has been technically revised.The essential changes in this International Standard are the reduction of the field of application, because now it is clearly stated that the measurement of bulking thickness is not

23、intended for board, and the deletion of the alternative pressure (50 5) kPa for the thickness measurement. In some countries, particularly in North America, the 50 kPa pressure is still widely used and different results will be obtained depending on which pressure is used. At the same time, new prec

24、ision data have been inserted.ISO 534:2011(E)iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 534:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 534:2011(E)Paper and board Determination of thickness, density and specific volume1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies two methods for measuring the thickness of paper and

25、 board:a) the measurement of a single sheet of paper or board as a single sheet thickness;b) the measurement of a pack of sheets of paper as a bulking thickness.This International Standard also specifies calculation methods for the apparent sheet density and for the apparent bulk density, and for th

26、e apparent specific sheet volume and for the apparent specific bulk volumefrom the thickness determinations.This International Standard is not applicable to corrugated fibreboard. In addition, the measurement of bulking thickness, method b) above, is not suitable for board1).NOTE The two methods gen

27、erally lead to different results. These methods are not applicable to tissue paper and tissue products. For tissue paper and tissue products, ISO 12625-3 should be used.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated referenc

28、es, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average qualityISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure fo

29、r monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samplesISO 536, Paper and board Determination of grammage3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1single sheet thicknessdistance between one surface of a paper or board and the other, measur

30、ed under an applied static load, using this test method3.2bulking thicknessthickness of a single sheet of paper, calculated from the thickness of several superimposed sheets in a pack, and measured under an applied static load, using this test method1) For the definition of board”, see ISO 4046-3:20

31、02, definition 3.16. ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 534:20113.3apparent sheet densitymass per unit volume, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre, and calculated from the single sheet thickness (3.1)NOTE This term is normally applicable to paper or board.3.4apparent bulk densitymass per un

32、it volume, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre, and calculated from the bulking thickness (3.2)NOTE This term is normally applicable to paper.3.5apparent specific sheet volumevolume per unit mass, expressed in cubic centimetres per gram, and calculated from the single sheet thickness (3.1)NOTE T

33、his term is normally applicable to paper or board.3.6apparent specific bulk volumevolume per unit mass, expressed in cubic centimetres per gram, and calculated from the bulking thickness (3.2)NOTE This term is normally applicable to paper.4 Principle4.1 Measurement of the single sheet thickness (3.1

34、) or of the bulking thickness (3.2), according to the test requirements, by means of a precision micrometer.4.2 Calculation of the apparent sheet density (3.3) or apparent bulk density (3.4) of the paper or board, from a knowledge of its grammage and thickness.4.3 Calculation of the apparent specifi

35、c sheet volume (3.5) or apparent specific bulk volume (3.6) of the paper or board, from a knowledge of its grammage and thickness.5 Apparatus5.1 Dead-weight micrometer, incorporating two plane, parallel, circular pressure faces, between which the paper or board is placed for measurement.The pressure

36、 exerted between the pressure faces during the thickness measurement shall be (100 10) kPa.The two pressure faces shall form an integral part of the micrometer, such that one face is fixed (the anvil) and the other is movable in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the fixed face.One face shall

37、 be (16,0 0,5) mm in diameter and the second face shall be of such a size that it is in contact with the whole area of the other face when the micrometer reads zero. Thus, a circular region of a test piece, nominally 200 mm2in area, is subjected during the thickness measurement to the pressure exert

38、ed by the faces.The performance requirements of the micrometer shall be such that, when calibrated according to the method given in Annex A, the micrometer complies with the required pressure of (100 10) kPa and the performance requirements shown in Table 1 (see also 9.1).ISO 534:2011(E)2 ISO 2011 A

39、ll rights reservedBS EN ISO 534:2011Table 1 Micrometer-performance requirementsMicrometer characteristics Maximum permitted valueaIndication error 2,5 m or 0,5 % of the readingError of parallelism between pressure faces 5 m or 1 %Repeatability of measurement (as standard deviation)1,2 m or 0,5 %aThe

40、 maximum permitted value of a micrometer characteristic is the greater of the two values.5.2 Thickness gauges, corresponding to approximately 10 %, 30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 90 % of the full-scale reading of the micrometer. The thickness of each gauge shall be known to an accuracy of 0,3 m.6 SamplingIf t

41、he tests are made to evaluate a lot, select the sample in accordance with ISO 186. If the tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the test pieces taken are representative of the sample received.7 ConditioningCondition the sample in accordance with ISO 187.8 Preparation of test piece

42、s8.1 GeneralPrepare the test pieces in the same standard atmospheric conditions as those used to condition the sample. Avoid areas with folds, creases, cracks or other defects which could influence the results.8.2 Single sheet thicknessCut not more than two test pieces from each specimen taken at ra

43、ndom from the sample available, with minimum dimensions 60 mm 60 mm. Ensure that the test piece dimensions are not so large that the micrometer reading is affected by the test piece mass that overhangs the lower pressure face while a measurement is being made. When measuring board, do not use test p

44、ieces with dimensions exceeding 100 mm 100 mm. These test piece dimensions are usually satisfactory for making measurements on paper.Prepare at least 20 test pieces.8.3 Bulking thicknessCut sheets at random from the sample available, preferably having dimensions 200 mm 250 mm, the 200 mm dimension b

45、eing in the machine direction (see Figure 1). If this is not possible, prepare smaller sheets of at least 150 mm 150 mm.Make up a pack of ten sheets to form the test piece; each sheet shall be oriented in the same direction and with the same side up and the same dimensions. Each sheet shall be indep

46、endent of the rest. For example, it is not permitted to fold one sheet and insert it folded into the test piece to form two or more sheets. The number of sheets in a test piece shall normally be ten.Prepare at least four test pieces, and make sure that the number of sheets and their sizes in each te

47、st piece is the same.In special circumstances, such as for thick or very thin sheets or when agreed between the parties concerned, a smaller or larger number of sheets, or a smaller or larger sheet, may be used.ISO 534:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 534:2011The number of sheets used

48、 and their size shall be reported.Dimensions in millimetresKey1 machine direction (MD)Figure 1 Positions of measurements on a test piece for bulking thickness9 Procedure9.1 GeneralPrior to the use of the micrometer (5.1) or when calibrating it, ensure that the anvil, pressure foot and thickness gaug

49、es (5.2) are clean.NOTE 1 Particularly in the case of the anvil and pressure foot, small pieces of fibre can collect on these surfaces, causing erroneous high values.When thickness gauges (5.2) are used in calibration, they should be gently wiped with alcohol using a non-linting absorbent material.NOTE 2 The above requirements do not apply to 9.3.3.9.2 Verification and calibration of micrometerAt appropriate time intervals, calibrate the micrometer in the conditioning atmosphere used for the measurement of thickness, and