BS 8560-2012 Code of practice for the design of buildings incorporating safe work at height《建筑物包括高空安全作业设计用实施规程》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 8560:2012Code of practice for thedesign of buildingsincorporating safe work atheightPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document ind

2、icates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 73064 1ICS 91.220The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/209Draft for comment 12/30235507 DCPublication historyFirst pub

3、lished December 2012Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8560:2012 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Terms and definitions 13 Design development process, including work at height 34 Communication 185 Designing for the safety of operatives working at heigh

4、t 196 Buildability 207 Occupiers and end users 218 Balancing capital and life cycle costs 229 Facilities management 2210 Maintenance strategy 23AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Project information 31Annex B (informative) Access methods 32Annex C (informative) Options matrix tool 37Bibliography 41List of

5、 figuresFigure 1 Design process flowchart 3Figure 2 Flat roof maintenance access: typical section of part of a roof 12Figure 3 Access to low-rise pitched roofs for short duration constructionwork 13Figure 4 Ground- and floor-based equipment 14Figure 5 Building-mounted access equipment 15Figure 6 Bui

6、lding-based personnel access systems 16Figure 7 Symbols 19Figure C.1 Template of options matrix 38Figure C.2 Example of options matrix 39List of tablesTable 1 Design characteristics affecting the selection of access methods 7Table 2 Typical methods of permanent access to roof for maintenance 11Table

7、 3 Work at height control measures 20Table A.1 An example of a project information table 31Table B.1 Access methods 33Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to vi,pages 1 to 42, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8560:2012 The Bri

8、tish Standards Institution 2012 iForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 December 2012. Itwas prepared by Technical Committee B/209, General building codes. A list oforg

9、anizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.Information about this documentClause 3 of this British Standard is broadly aligned with the RIBA Outline Plan ofWork 1, in particular the stages of the design process. At the time ofpublication, the RIBA Outline Pla

10、n of Work 1 was being revised and the stageswere being updated, however, the stages given in this British Standard are notaffected by this change.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a sp

11、ecification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.It has been assumed in the preparation of this Bri

12、tish Standard that theexecution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.BSI permits the reproduction of Table A.1 and Figure C.1. This reproduction isonly permitted where it is necessary for the user to work and record

13、findings inthe table/figure during each application of the standard.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general

14、 informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.The word “should” is used to express recommendations of this standard. Theword “may” is used in the text to express permissibility, e.g. as an alternative tothe primary recommendation of the clause.

15、 The word “can” is used to expresspossibility, e.g. a consequence of an action or an event.Notes and commentaries are provided throughout the text of this standard.Notes give references and additional information that are important but do notform part of the recommendations. Commentaries give backgr

16、ound information.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8560:2012i

17、i The British Standards Institution 2012Particular attention is drawn to the following specific regulations: The Work at Height Regulations 2005 (as amended) 2. The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 3. The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998 4. The P

18、rovision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 1998 5.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8560:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 iiiBRITISH STANDARDBS 8560:2012This page deliberately left blankiv The British Standards Institution 2012IntroductionThis British Standard encourages designers to assess

19、, as early as possible in thedesign process, how work at height can be minimized, and where required theprovision of practical, efficient, cost-effective solutions for the safety of thosewho work at height.NOTE For the purposes of this British Standard, the term “designer” covers eitheran individual

20、 engaged in design or a team, perhaps representing several disciplines.An integrated design team offers benefits in terms of collective design consideration,including knowledge, experience and problem solving. Also see 2.4 and 3.3.New-build and refurbishment projects require people to work at height

21、 over thelifespan of a building in order to construct, clean, maintain and repair it. By itsnature, work at height is hazardous and presents the risk of a fall. Falls fromheight account for a significant proportion of fatalities and serious injuriesexperienced during construction and maintenance. As

22、 a significant safety risk, itis important that everyone, including designers, who work within theconstruction industry give it the appropriate attention.To reduce the number of accidents, designers have duties under health andsafety legislation 3, so far as is reasonably practicable1)(see 2.13), to

23、 avoid theneed for work to be carried out at height. Part of a designers duty is to adaptthe design where this cannot be achieved so that equipment can be provided toprevent falls. If provision of fall prevention equipment is impractical, equipmentor systems of work to minimize the distance and cons

24、equences of a fall can thenbe included within the design. By working collaboratively, the design team is ina strong position to make provisions within their designs that reduce the risk offalls occurring.Designers assess and manage many competing factors as they prepare theirdesigns. At the concept

25、design stage (see 3.4) the form of the building developsand this can be influenced by factors such as function, location, aesthetics, costand planning. In addition, there are other factors such as building and fireregulations, sustainability, buildability (see 2.2) and maintainability (see 2.9)tobe

26、addressed. The best time for designers to consider work at height is duringthe early stages of the design: how it can be minimized and carried out in amanner that provides an appropriate level of safety. This is the focus for thisBritish Standard.By early consideration of the extent, nature, duratio

27、n and frequency of work tobe done at height, appropriate equipment and techniques for use inconstruction, cleaning, maintenance and repair can be identified. Also howaccess to and from equipment and places of work at height, and the loadsequipment imposes on the structure or surrounding ground can b

28、e includedearly in the design process. Early consideration can help to resolve aesthetic orother conflicts between the proposed equipment or work methods and theother factors influencing the design of the building and its surroundings. Thisshould enable accurate costing and planning for the provisio

29、n of accessequipment, its inclusion into the building and its lifetime use.Where work at height is taken into account later in the design process, there isa greater likelihood of there being difficulties in making adequate provision foraccess and inclusion of access equipment. There is potential for

30、 poorer detailingand additional cost resulting from redesign, structural alterations andinappropriate access arrangements that increase lifetime costs.1)This principle underpins this British Standard.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8560:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 vBy giving due consideration to

31、 work at height issues early in the design process,designers assist those who have to organize, manage and carry out the work atheight during construction, cleaning, maintenance and repair. It is also vital thatcontractors and operatives are trained and competent to carry out work atheight.BRITISH S

32、TANDARDBS 8560:2012vi The British Standards Institution 20121 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommendations for incorporating safe work atheight into the design of buildings during the design process.NOTE The recommendations in this British Standard can also be applied to otherstructures.It gives

33、 recommendations for designers on working safely at height and how totake this into account throughout the design process with specific focus on theearly strategic and conceptual stages. It also takes into account the requirementsof those who are involved in construction, inspection, cleaning andmai

34、ntenance.This British Standard does not give designers prescriptive solutions for work atheight but does provide useful guidance to help them manage the process. It isfor the design team to develop specific solutions for each individual project.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British

35、 Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.2.1 anchor lineflexible or rigid line connected, at least at one end, to a structural anchor and towhich personal protective equipment can be attachedNOTE 1 A flexible horizontal anchor line is often referred to as a “cable system”.NOTE 2 Anchor li

36、nes can be designed to be used as part of a work restraint(see 2.15) or fall arrest system (see 2.5). Systems designed for work restraint only arenot suitable for fall arrest.2.2 buildabilitydesign solution that can be safely and practically constructed2.3 building maintenance unit (BMU)suspended ac

37、cess equipment intended to be permanently installed anddedicated to a specific building; BMUs consist of a platform, suspended from asuspension rig that is generally a trolley unit with a hoist operating either onrails or on a suitable surfaceNOTE For further information see BS EN 1808.2.4 designerp

38、erson who prepares or modifies a design or who arranges or instructs anyperson to do soNOTE 1 Attention is drawn to the Construction (Design and Management)Regulations 2007 3 for a more detailed definition of a designer.NOTE 2 Designers can include the client, principal contractor, architects, consu

39、ltingand contractor engineers of various disciplines, suppliers and manufacturers withdesign or specification responsibilities.2.5 fall arrest systempersonal fall protection system that limits the impact forces on the body of theuser during the arrest of a fallNOTE The height and consequence of a fa

40、ll depend on the anchor position relativeto the fall hazard and the equipment used.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8560:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 12.6 hazardany object, circumstance or activity with the potential to cause harmNOTE See 2.11 for a definition of risk.2.7 lettabilitydesirability o

41、f a building to a potential tenant2.8 life cycle cost (LCC)cost of equipment, materials or processes, including their maintenance provisionto fulfil their function for the lifetime of the building2.9 maintainabilityease with which a product, element, structure or building can be maintained inorder t

42、o isolate defects or their cause, correct defects or their cause, makefuture maintenance easier or cope with a changed environment2.10 mobile elevating work platform (MEWP)mobile machine that is intended to move and raise persons in a platform toworking positionsNOTE For further information see BS 8

43、460.2.11 riskchance and consequence of harm occurring2.12 rope accesstechnique using ropes to suspend or support a person, normally incorporatingtwo separately secured systems, one as a means of access and the other asback-up security, used with a harness in combination with other devices, forgettin

44、g to and from the place of work and for work positioningNOTE For further information see BS 7985.2.13 so far as is reasonably practicable (SFARP)level of risk that is balanced against the cost, time and effort that is put intoaverting the riskNOTE A point at which an action is not reasonably practic

45、able is where the cost oreffort of reducing a risk is disproportionate to the level of risk reduction that wouldbe achieved.2.14 work at heightwork carried out at any place above, at or below ground level, including accessand egress to that place, where, if precautions are not taken, a person could

46、fall(from a higher to a lower level) a distance liable to cause injuryNOTE Work at height does not include slipping or tripping and falling on the samelevel.2.15 work restraint systempersonal fall prevention system that uses a body holding device connected to areliable anchor to prevent a person rea

47、ching zones where the risk of a fall exists2.16 work positioningpersonal fall protection system that enables the user to work supported intension or suspension in such a way that a fall is prevented2.17 value engineeringorganized approach to the identification and elimination of unnecessary costBRIT

48、ISH STANDARDBS 8560:20122 The British Standards Institution 20123 Design development process, including work atheightCOMMENTARY ON CLAUSE 3Subclauses 3.1 to 3.7 cover the design development stages (see Figure 1) that arefollowed to develop the design of buildings. These stages are typically embedded

49、into appointment contracts and dictate the design progress, client sign off andpayment of fees. At each of these stages, recommendations for how safe work atheight can be incorporated into the design are given; these stages also broadlyfollow the RIBA Outline Plan of Work 1. Although the stages of the design processbroadly relate to those of the RIBA Outline Plan of Work 1, they are flexible andoften merge together within different forms of procurement, e.g. design and buildcontracts.Many risks identified during