BS 5930-2015 Code of practice for ground investigations《现场调查实施规程》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 5930:2015Code of practice for groundinvestigationsPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2015Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 58

2、0 80062 7ICS 91.200The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference B/526/3Draft for comment 14/30268442 DCPublication historyFirst published 1957Second edition 1981Third edition October 1999Fourth (present) edition July 2015Amendments issued since publicationDate

3、 Text affectedBS 5930:2015 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword vIntroduction 11 Scope 22 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions 5Section 1: Preliminary considerations 74 Primary objectives 75 Safety on investigation sites 86 Personnel for ground investigations 107 Investigation strategy 138 Plan

4、ning and control of investigations 149 Quality management 15Section 2: Desk study and field reconnaissance 1610 General 1611 Desk study 1712 Field reconnaissance 1913 Earlier uses and state of site 2014 Aerial photographs and satellite imagery 22Section 3: Planning ground investigations 2615 Types o

5、f ground investigation 2616 Geological mapping 2917 Scope of the ground investigation 3018 Frequency of sampling and testing 3719 General considerations in the selection of methods of groundinvestigation 4020 The effect of ground conditions on the selection of methods of intrusiveinvestigation 4421

6、Ground chemically aggressive or prone to volume change 5422 Ground investigations over water 56Section 4: Exploratory holes 6023 Surveying of investigation points 6024 Excavations and boreholes 6025 Sampling the ground 7026 Groundwater monitoring and sampling 90Section 5: Geophysical field investiga

7、tions 9627 General 9628 The use of geophysical surveys as part of a ground investigation 9629 Geophysical techniques 9730 Application of geophysical techniques 10231 Specification and planning of a geophysical survey 103Section 6: Description of soils and rocks 10632 The description process 10633 De

8、scription of soils 10934 Field procedures for description of principal inorganic soil type 12935 Classification of soils 13236 Description and classification of rocks 133Section 7: Field tests 15137 General 15138 Probing 15339 Static cone penetration testing 15540 Flat dilatometer test 15941 Standar

9、d penetration test 15942 Vane test 161BRITISH STANDARD BS 5930:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 i43 Pressuremeter tests 16244 Field density 16545 In-situ stress measurements 16646 Bearing tests 17347 In-situ shear tests 18148 Geohydraulic testing 18449 Large-scale field trials 187Section

10、8: Field instrumentation 19150 General 19151 Planning a field monitoring programme 19252 Groundwater measurements 19253 Inclinometers 20454 Extensometers 210Section 9: Laboratory tests on samples 21355 General 21356 Roles and responsibilities 21357 Health and safety in laboratories 21358 Sample stor

11、age and inspection facilities 21559 Selection of testing programme 21660 Visual examination and description of laboratory samples 21761 Laboratory tests 218Section 10: Reports and interpretation 23862 General 23863 Reports 243Section 11: Review during and after construction 25664 General 25665 Purpo

12、se of review 25666 Information required 25767 Monitoring 25768 Reporting 258AnnexesAnnex A (informative) National safety legislation and guidance 259Annex B (informative) General information for a desk study 263Annex C (informative) Sources of information 267Annex D (informative) Detailed informatio

13、n for design and construction 276Annex E (informative) Notes on field reconnaissance 279Annex F (informative) Ground investigations and development in groundpotentially containing voids 281Annex G (informative) Integrated investigations 293Annex H (informative) Photographic records 302Bibliography 3

14、04List of figuresFigure 1 Basic details of open-tube sampler 77Figure2Atypical thin-walled sampler 80Figure 3 U100 sampler 81Figure 4 Basic details of a piston sampler 83Figure 5 Selection of descriptive procedure for different materials 107Figure 6 General identification and description of soils 10

15、8Figure 7 Angularity terms 118Figure 8 Plasticity chart 122Figure 9 Description and classification of weathered rock for engineeringpurposes 143Figure 10 Application of fracture state terms for rock cores 149Figure 11 Measurement of in-situ stress CSIRO cell 169Figure 12 Measurement of in-situ stres

16、s Borre probe 170BRITISH STANDARDBS 5930:2015ii The British Standards Institution 2015Figure 13 Measurement of in-situ stress Flat jack equipment Typicallayout 172Figure 14 Types of bearing test equipment Plate test equipment for 864 mmdiameter 174Figure 15 Types of bearing test equipment Jacking in

17、 adit-type of loadingequipment 175Figure 16 Equipment layout for shear and sliding friction test on rock or soilsamples 182Figure 17 Typical response times for various piezometers 195Figure 18 Examples of observation well and standpipe piezometerconstruction 196Figure 19 Schematic of a Bishop-type t

18、win-tube piezometer 198Figure 20 Schematic of a Ridley-type flushable piezometer 199Figure 21 Schematic of a pneumatic piezometer 200Figure 22 Schematic of a vibrating wire piezometer 201Figure 23 Schematic of an electric piezometer 202Figure 24 Probe inclinometer system 205Figure 25 Magnetic probe

19、extensometer system 211Figure 26 Rod extensometer system 212Figure F.1 Principal types of void 282Figure G.1 Layout at the time of the investigation 300Figure G.2 Proposed layout and trial pit location plan 301List of tablesTable 1 Desk study: Typical factual core 18Table 2 Desk study: Typical inter

20、pretative elements 18Table 3 Quality classes of soil samples and sampling categories 72Table 4 Mass of soil sample required for various laboratory tests 75Table 5 Geophysical methods in ground investigation 98Table 6 Usefulness of engineering geophysical methods 100Table 6 Usefulness of engineering

21、geophysical methods (continued) 101Table 7 Field identification and description of soils 110Table8Terms for description of consistency 112Table9Terms for classification of strength 113Table 10 Terms for classification of relative density 114Table 11 Assessment of field density 115Table 12 Terms for

22、very coarse soils 119Table 13 Terms for mixtures of very coarse soils 120Table 14 Terms for mixtures of very coarse and finer soils 120Table 15 Terms for mixtures of finer and very coarse soils 120Table 16 Terms for mixtures of coarse soils 121Table 17 Terms for mixtures of coarse and fine soils 123

23、Table 18 Some example descriptions of anthropogenic soils 125Table 19 Terms for description of odours 126Table 20 Types of peats 127Table 21 Description of condition of peats 127Table 22 Terms for description of secondary organic matter in an inorganicsoil 128Table 23 Terms for description of plasti

24、city 131Table 24 Decision on fine soil type from results of hand tests 132Table 25 Terms for description of rock strength 134Table 26 Terms for description of thickness and spacing of structure 135Table 27 Aid to identification of rocks for engineering purposes 137Table 27 Aid to identification of r

25、ocks for engineering purposes(continued) 138BRITISH STANDARD BS 5930:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iiiTable 28 Stability of rock material 139Table 29 Types of discontinuity 144Table 30 Terminology and checklist for rock discontinuity description 145Table 31 Terms for classification of

26、discontinuity state (see Figure 10) 147Table 32 Example rock descriptions 150Table 33 The applicability and usefulness of in-situ tests 152Table 34 Typical cement-bentonite grout mixes for piezometers 204Table 35 Typical cement-bentonite grout mixes for inclinometers andextensometers 206Table 36 Cat

27、egories of test specified in BS 1377 with the BS EN ISO 17892equivalent tests 219Table 37 Common laboratory tests for soils 220Table 38 Swelling and shrinkage tests 229Table 39 Specialist laboratory tests for soils 230Table 40 Rock testing 232Table 41 Tests for aggregate suitability 235Table 42 Geop

28、hysical laboratory tests 236Table 43 Summary of reporting requirements 239Table C.1 BGS maps 269Table F.1 Principal types of void 283Table F.2 Natural voids: potential hazards 286Table F.3 Anthropogenic voids: potential hazards 289Table G.1 Identification of principal potential hazards relating toco

29、ntamination 299Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to vi,pages 1 to 318, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 5930:2015iv The British Standards Institution 2015ForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BS

30、I Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 July 2015. It wasprepared by Subcommittee B/526/3, Site investigation and ground testing, underthe authority of Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics. A list of organizationsrepresented on this comm

31、ittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 5930:1999+A2:2010, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThe first edition of this British Standard (published as CP2001:1957) coveredbasic guidance on effective ground investigation. This w

32、as replaced by fulleditions in 1981 and 1999, which covered the subject matter in greater detailand each of which was brought up to date at the time of publication.The 1999 edition was amended twice to incorporate changes necessary tomaintain compliance with BS EN 1997-1 and BS EN 1997-2 and their r

33、elatedstandards.This is a full revision of the standard, and introduces the following principalchanges: The majority of changes arise from the further implementation into UKpractice of BS EN 1997-1 and BS EN 1997-2 and the related test standardscited therein and the need to conform to these standard

34、s. The revision of material that is now out of date. There is new informationon geophysical surveying and ground testing and updated guidance onground investigations on contaminated ground, changes to accommodatethe requirements of data capture in the field and the inclusion of this inreporting as w

35、ell as other amendments throughout the code.Product certification. Users of this British Standard are advised to consider thedesirability of third-party certification with this British Standard. Appropriateconformity attestation arrangements are described in BS 22475-3. Users seekingassistance in id

36、entifying appropriate conformity assessment bodies or schemesmay ask BSI to forward their enquiries to the relevant association.Test laboratory accreditation. Users of this British Standard are advised toconsider the desirability of selecting test laboratories that are accredited toBS EN ISO/IEC 170

37、25 by a national or international accreditation body.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmis

38、leading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.It has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that theexecution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualifie

39、d andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.BRITISH STANDARD BS 5930:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 vPresentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal

40、 auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.The word “should” is used to express recommendations of this standard. Theword “may” is used in the text to express permissibility, e.g.

41、 as an alternative tothe primary recommendation of the clause. The word “can” is used to expresspossibility, e.g. a consequence of an action or an event.Notes and commentaries are provided throughout the text of this standard.Notes give references and additional information that are important but do

42、 notform part of the recommendations. Commentaries give background information.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confe

43、r immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 5930:2015vi The British Standards Institution 2015IntroductionThe ground is naturally variable and often the nature of these variations is notknown. A ground investigation is a process starting with initial documentationabout the site and its envir

44、ons followed by continuous exploration andinterpretation, with the scope of the investigation requiring regular amendmentin the light of the data being obtained.This British Standard is set out to follow, in broad terms, the sequence of aground investigation from initial considerations through the p

45、hased design andimplementation of an investigation programme and its reporting, to thecontinuing investigation during and after construction.Section 1 of this British Standard deals with those matters of a technical, legal orenvironmental character that need to be taken into account in selecting the

46、 site(or in determining whether a selected site is suitable) and in preparing thedesign of the works. The safety of all those involved in investigation, includingthe general public and the environment, is also introduced here to emphasize itsfundamental importance in the execution of all aspects of

47、the investigation; thiscoverage is referred to but not repeated throughout the standard.Section 2 outlines the procedures that should be followed and the informationthat should be collected in desk studies and field reconnaissance.Section 3 discusses general aspects of planning investigations, inclu

48、ding thefactors that influence the selection of methods of investigation.Section 4 discusses methods of intrusive investigation, including overwaterinvestigations (i.e those carried out using land-based methods), sub-divided intoexcavations and boreholes, sampling, and groundwater observations.Secti

49、on 5 outlines the methods of geophysics that can be used for groundmapping, characterization and testing, from the ground surface, boreholes,crosshole and surface to borehole and overwater.Section 6 deals with the terminology and systems recommended for use indescribing and classifying soil and rock materials and soil and rock masses.Section 7 describes the range of field tests that can be considered to meas