BS 4430-2-1969 Recommendations for the safety of powered industrial trucks - Operation and maintenance《工业机动车辆安全性推荐标准 第2部分 操作和维护》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED DECEMBER1986 BS4430-2: 1969 Recommendationsfor The safety of powered industrial trucks Part 2: Operation and Maintenance UDC 621.868 78:629.114 474BS4430-2:1969 These recommendations, having been approved by the Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee, were pub

2、lished under the authority of the Executive Board on 10March1969 BSI08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on these recommendations: Committee reference MEE/112 Draft for comment 68/3118 ISBN 580 05486 1 Co-operating organizations The Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Commit

3、tee, under whose supervision these recommendations were prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Associated Offices Technical Committee* Institution of Civil Engineers Association of Consulting Engineers Institution

4、of Gas Engineers Association of Mining Electrical and Institution of Heating and Ventilating Mechanical Engineers Engineers Board of Trade Institution of Mechanical Engineers British Chemical Plant Manufacturers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Association (Automobile Division) British Compressed

5、 Air Society Institution of Production Engineers* British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Locomotive and Allied Manufacturers Association Association of Great Britain British Gear Manufacturers Association London Transport Board British Internal Combustion Engine Machine Tool Trades Association

6、Manufacturers Association Ministry of Defence British Mechanical Engineering Federation Ministry of Defence, Army Department* British Pump Manufacturers Association Ministry of Power British Steel Industry Ministry of Public Building and Works Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Ministry of Tec

7、hnology* Administrations Ministry of Technology National Department of Employment and Productivity Engineering Laboratory (H.M. Factory Inspectorate)* Ministry of Transport Electricity Council, the Central Electricity National Coal Board Generating Board and the Area Boards in National Physical Labo

8、ratory (Ministry of England and Wales Technology) Engineering Equipment Users Association* Radio Industry Council Gas Council Royal Institute of British Architects Institute of Marine Engineers The Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the abov

9、e list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of these recommendations: British Industrial Truck Association Institute of Purchasing and Supply British Railways Board Ministry of Defence, Air Force Department British Tin Box Manufactur

10、ers Federation Ministry of Defence, Navy Department Dock and Harbour Authorities Association Oil Companies Materials Association Food Manufacturers Federation, Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Incorporated and one other firm Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS44

11、30-2:1969 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii 0 Scope 1 1 Operation 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Operators 1 1.3 Operation of trucks 1 1.4 Operating conditions 2 2 Instructions for operators 3 2.1 General instructions 3 2.2 Supplementary instructions 3 3

12、 Maintenance 4 3.1 Introduction 4 3.2 Recommendations 4BS4430-2:1969 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword These recommendations make reference to the following British Standards: BS 2929, Safety colours for use in industry. BS 3810, Glossary of terms used in materials handling Part 1: Terms used in connection wi

13、th pallets, stillages, hand and powered trucks. BS 4430, Recommendations for the safety of powered industrial trucks Part1:Manufacture. These recommendations form part of a series being developed for industrial trucks, and were prepared under the authority of the Mechanical Engineering Industry Stan

14、dards Committee. Their object is to establish recommended safety practices to be taken into account in the design, manufacture, operation and maintenance of all powered industrial trucks regardless of their travelling speed. This Part2 is specifically concerned with features to be taken into account

15、 in the operation and maintenance of trucks in the interests of preventing damage and deterioration of the equipment, lessening the risk of accidents, and thereby ensuring the safety of personnel. It is, however, equally important to apply the recommendations concerning the design and manufacture of

16、 trucks as described in Part 1. The recommendations are based extensively on the corresponding safety codes prepared by Section IV of the Fderation Europenne de la Manutention (F.E.M.) in whose activities the British Industrial Truck Association plays a leading part, and these codes have been accept

17、ed as a basis for the development of international recommendations on this subject by Technical Committee110 Industrial Trucks, of the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). It will be noted that the supplementary instructions for operators given in2.2 relate only to fork lift trucks.

18、It is intended to supplement these instructions to cover other types of truck as and when international agreement on this subject has been achieved. Similarly, consideration will be given to the preparation of recommendations for the operation and maintenance of industrial tractors used for material

19、s handling. NOTEInformation concerning SI units is given inBS350, “Conversion factors and tables”, and PD5686, “The use of SI units”. To facilitate the change to the metric system, the corresponding imperial units have been given for information purposes. A British Standard does not purport to inclu

20、de all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages

21、i and ii, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS4430-2:1969 BSI 08-1999 1 0 Scope These recommendations apply to the operation and maintena

22、nce of all types of powered industrial trucks regardless of their travelling speed. The term “powered industrial truck” covers all mobile power-driven trucks as described in Section 3 of BS3810-1:1964 1) , with the exclusion of tractors. 1 Operation 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 The safe operation of power

23、ed industrial trucks should be studied and related to the different conditions existing in the situation and circumstances under which they are required to operate. The information given in this section covers all types of rider-operated trucks. 1.1.2 Each truck should be provided with a booklet giv

24、ing adequate information regarding operating, servicing including lubrication, and maintenance. If a number of trucks are supplied against one order, the number of booklets may be reduced by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 1.2 Operators 1.2.1 Qualifications. All operators of ri

25、der-operated powered industrial trucks should enjoy good health, vision and hearing, understand traffic regulations, be especially trained for truck driving and be at least18years of age. Operators should receive further training, whenever required to drive a new type of truck. 1.2.2 Identification

26、1.2.2.1 Having been selected and trained, the operator should be designated as an “authorized person”, and should have the right to prevent unauthorized persons (see2.1.1) from using any machine for which he is responsible. 1.2.2.2 The operator should wear a badge or some other visible form of ident

27、ification as an authorized person throughout his working hours. NOTEVarious manufacturers and organizations offer facilities for the initial training of drivers, and it is recommended that all users of industrial trucks should avail themselves of such services. 1.3 Operation of trucks 1.3.1 Overhead

28、 guard. Wherever the operation of the truck exposes the operator to danger from falling objects, the truck should be equipped with an overhead guard. 1.3.2 Load backrest. Fork lift trucks which handle small objects or unbonded loads should be equipped with a vertical load backrest which is of suffic

29、ient height, width, and strength to prevent the load, or part of it, from falling toward the operator when the mast is in a position of maximum backward tilt. Openings in the load backrest should not be larger than the smallest object carried. 1.3.3 Colour of industrial trucks. Trucks should be of a

30、 colour which contrasts with the surroundings. Attention is drawn to BS2929 2) . 1.3.4 Limitation of load. The maximum rated load capacity of the truck, as stated on the identification plate (seeBS4430, BS4430-1 3) ) should not be exceeded. 1.3.5 Exceptional handling. Simultaneous use of2 trucks for

31、 handling heavy or cumbersome loads is a dangerous operation requiring special precautions. It should only be done in exceptional circumstances, by highly experienced operators under the supervision of the person responsible for handling operations. 1.3.6 Operation in hazardous areas. When trucks ar

32、e operated in flammable or explosive areas, they should be specially equipped with the necessary devices to allow them to work in such conditions. Every hazardous area should be marked by special signs warning the operator. 1.3.7 Operation in confined spaces. Trucks with internal combustion engines

33、should not be operated in confined or poorly-ventilated places. 1.3.8 Refuelling and charging stations 1.3.8.1 Fuel handling and storage. Local regulations should be strictly enforced, and should include the following minimum precautions: 1) Powered trucks using highly flammable fuels should be refu

34、elled only at specified locations. 2) The engines of powered industrial trucks should be stopped before refuelling, and should not be restarted until the filler caps on the tank have been replaced and the fuel line itself removed from the machine. 1) BS 3810, “Glossary of terms used in materials han

35、dling” Part 1: “Terms used in connection with pallets, stillages, hand and powered trucks”. 2) BS2929, “Safety colours for use in industry”. 3) BS4430, “Recommendations for the safety of powered industrial trucks” Part 1: “Manufacture”.BS4430-2:1969 2 BSI 08-1999 3) Care should be taken to avoid spi

36、lling fuel over the engine or exhaust system during refuelling operations. If such spillage occurs, the liquid should be wiped away before restarting the engine. 4) Contact should at all times be maintained between the metal outlet of the refuelling hose or the can spout and the fuel tank opening on

37、 the truck, to minimize the possibility of an outbreak of fire due to the discharge of an accumulation of static electricity. 5) Naked flames should never be used to check fuel levels in tanks. 6) Where trucks are powered from L.P.G. cylinders, gaskets and tubing should be suitable for use with that

38、 gas. 7) After connecting up cylinders of L.P.G., a check should be made with soapy water to ensure that all joints are gas tight. 8) L.P.G. cylinders should always be turned off at the valve when a truck is being left for any length of time. 1.3.8.2 Battery charging and changing 1.3.8.2.1 All batte

39、ry charging installations for battery powered trucks should provide facilities for: 1) neutralizing any electrolyte which may be spilled, 2) ensuring adequate fire protection, 3) ensuring proper ventilation, particularly in hot climates where a forced draught system is to be recommended, and 4) prot

40、ecting the charging apparatus itself to minimize the possibility of its being damaged by impact from the trucks which are to be charged. 1.3.8.2.2 Means should be provided for the exchange of batteries with the minimum physical effort. 1.3.8.2.3 All electrical installations in the charging station s

41、hould comply with local regulations. 1.3.8.2.4 All battery changing and charging should be carried out by trained personnel in accordance with battery manufacturers instructions. In the case of automatic charging equipment, this can usually be the authorized operator. 1.3.8.2.5 It is very important

42、that the cell tops be kept dry, and that the battery terminals be kept perfectly clean, lightly smeared with petroleum jelly and correctly screwed down. 1.3.8.2.6 Batteries should be positioned securely on the trucks. 1.3.8.2.7 Naked flames should never be used to check electrolyte levels in batteri

43、es, and smoking should be prohibited during this operation. 1.3.8.2.8 The battery of an electric truck should, never be replaced by another battery having a different weight or dimensions without referring to the truck manufacturer who will indicate the necessary steps to be taken in order to ensure

44、 that the stability of the truck is maintained. 1.3.9 Slinging of trucks. Trucks should only be slung at the points indicated by the manufacturer. 1.4 Operating conditions 1.4.1 State of ground surfaces. Floors and roads should be of adequate load-bearing capacity, sufficiently hard, and as smooth a

45、nd level as possible. Approaches to gutters, railway crossings, etc., should be hard and smooth, and fitted with ramps where necessary, to prevent displacement of loads. Roads designed to take trucks should be free of all obstacles and conspicuously defined with paint (or equivalent process). 1.4.2

46、Dimensions of aisles. Aisles for trucks should be arranged to facilitate turning. Inclines and steep ramps, narrow passages and low ceilings, should be avoided. Aisles should be of sufficient width to allow for satisfactory operation of all the types of trucks to be used, account being taken of the

47、nature and dimensions of the loads to be carried. 1.4.3 Headroom. Doorways and structures over aisles sufficiently low to form an obstacle to industrial trucks should have warning notices ahead of the obstacle, and should be outlined by a band of conspicuous colour, as shown in BS2929 4) . 1.4.4 War

48、ning signs. Hazardous spots should be indicated by signs similar to those used on highways. 1.4.5 Gradients. It is recommended that gradients do not exceed10%. These should provide for a smooth gradual change at top and bottom to prevent shocks to the load or fouling of the underside of the truck. T

49、urning trucks on gradients or driving trucks across gradients should be avoided wherever possible. The use of laden trucks should be prohibited on gradients if the brakes will not stop the truck within a safe distance. 4) BS2929, “Safety colours for use in industry”.BS4430-2:1969 BSI 08-1999 3 1.4.6 Bridge plates. Bridge plates should have an adequate safety margin to support loaded trucks. The maximum permissible load should be shown on the plates, clearly and permanently. 1.4.6.1 Bridge plates should be secured to prevent accidental movement. 1.4.6.2