BS 1902-3 13-1996 Methods of testing refractory materials - General and textural properties - Measurement of dimensions and external defects of refractory bricks - Corner and edge .pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1902-3.13: 1996 ISO 12678-2: 1996 Methods of testing Refractory materials Part 3: General and textural properties Section 3.13 Measurement of dimensions and external defects of refractory bricks Corner and edge defects and other surface imperfections ICS 81.080BS 1902-3.13:1996 T

2、his British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1996 BSI 10-1998 First published as BS 1902-3.13 March 1985 Second edition November 1996 The fo

3、llowing BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RPI/1/1 Draft for comment 94/302684 DC ISBN 0 580 26488 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee RPI/1, Refractory products and mate

4、rials, to Subcommittee RPI/1/1, Sampling and physical testing of refractory materials, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Ceramic Research Ltd. British Industrial Ceramic Manufacturers Association British Metallurgical Plant Constructors Association British Steel Industry Brit

5、ish Vermiculite Association Refractories Association of Great Britain Refrectory Contractors Association Society of Glass Technology Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS1902-3.13:1996 BSI 10-1998 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 1

6、 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Apparatus 1 5 Preparation of bricks for measurement 2 6 Measurement of corner defects 3 7 Measurement of edge defects 3 8 Measurement of craters 3 9 Measurement of cracks 3 10 Measurement of protrusions and indentations 3 11 Measurement of fins 3 1

7、2 Test report 3 Figure 1 Typical corner defect 2 Figure 2 Typical edge defect 2 Figure 3 Typical cracks 2 Figure 4 Two types of measuring wedge 4 Figure 5 Breakage-defect sizer 5 Figure 6 Measurement of a corner defect 5 Figure 7 Positioning the breakage-defect sizer 6 Figure 8 Measurement of the le

8、ngth of an edge defect 6 Figure 9 Measurement of craters 7 Figure 10 Measurement of the height of a protrusion 7 Table 1 Accuracy of measurement 3 List of references Inside back coverBS1902-3.13:1996 ii BSI 10-1998 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee RPI/1/1. It

9、 is identical with ISO 12678-2:1996 Refractory products Measurement of dimensions and external defects of refractory bricks Part 2: Corner and edge defects and other surface imperfections, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It supersedes BS 1902-3.13:1985 which is

10、 withdrawn. The Subcommittee has reviewed the provisions of ISO 5019-1:1984, ISO 5019-2:1984, ISO 5019-3:1984, ISO 5019-5:1984 and ISO 5019-6:1984 to which normative reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard. A British Standard

11、does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publications referred to Corresponding Brit

12、ish Standard BS 3056 Sizes of refractory bricks ISO 5019-4:1988 Part 4:1985 Specification for bricks for electric arc furnace roofs (Identical) ISO 5417:1986 Part 3:1986 Specification for bricks for rotary cement kilns (Technically equivalent) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover,

13、an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1to8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS 1902-3.13:1996 BSI 10-1998 1 1 Scope This p

14、art of ISO 12678 describes apparatus and specifies simple methods for routine measurement of corner and edge defects, as well as other surface imperfections of refractory bricks. It does not apply to the measurement of internal defects. It does not establish criteria for acceptance or rejection of b

15、ricks. The application of these methods is limited to standard shapes in accordance with ISO 5019-1 to ISO 5019-6 and ISO 5417, unless otherwise agreed. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO

16、12678. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12678 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC a

17、nd ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 5019-1:1984, Refractory bricks Dimensions Part 1: Rectangular bricks. ISO 5019-2:1984, Refractory bricks Dimensions Part 2: Arch bricks. ISO 5019-3:1984, Refractory bricks Dimensions Part 3: Rectangular checker bricks for rege

18、nerative furnaces. ISO 5019-4:1988, Refractory bricks Dimensions Part 4: Dome bricks for electric arc furnace roofs. ISO 5019-5:1984, Refractory bricks Dimensions Part 5: Skewbacks. ISO 5019-6:1984, Refractory bricks Dimensions Part 6: Basic bricks for oxygen steel-making converters. ISO 5417:1986,

19、Refractory bricks for use in rotarykilns Dimensions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 12678, the following definitions apply 3.1 corner defect missing corner, defined by the three dimensions a, b and c as indicated in Figure 1 3.2 edge defect missing edge, defined by the three dime

20、nsions e, f and g as indicated in Figure 2 3.3 crater clearly defined hole in the surface of a brick whose parameters (maximum diameter, minimum diameter and depth) can be measured with the apparatus specified in clause 4 3.4 Cracks subdivided as follows: 3.4.1 hairline cracks fine cracks visible on

21、 the surface of a brick whose length may be measured and whose width is less than or equal to 0,2 mm 3.4.2 surface crazing network of hairline cracks confined to the surface of the brick 3.4.3 open cracks cracks or tears in the surface whose length is more than 10 mm and whose width is more than 0,2

22、 mm NOTE 1The above types of cracks may appear as indicated in Figure 3, from left to right respectively. 3.5 protrusions and indentations imperfections that may occur during the moulding or firing process of bricks and blocks 3.6 fins thin layer of material on a face of a brick that projects beyond

23、 the edge 4 Apparatus 4.1 General All instruments shall be calibrated or certified to within the accuracy of the measurement. The accuracy of the linear measuring device (4.2) shall be checked regularly against a length bar complying with national standards. 4.2 Linear measuring device (steel tape g

24、raduated in millimetres, calipers, graticule with0,1 mm graduations), in accordance with the tolerance agreed upon, and conforming to an accuracy of half the intended accuracy of the measurement. NOTE 2Steel tape measurements are accurate to 1 mm (0,5mm can be estimated), whereas caliper measurement

25、s are accurate to 0,1 mm. Linear tolerances less than 1 mm should be measured with calipers. 4.3 Steel straightedge, at least 5 mm thick and of sufficient length to span the diagonal of the largest shape to be measured.BS 1902-3.13:1996 2 BSI 10-1998 4.4 Two steel measuring wedges, which may be eith

26、er: a) Type 1, at least 50 mm in length and 10 mm in thickness at one end, of uniform cross-section for a length of at least 10 mm from that end and then tapering to zero thickness at the other end see,for example, Figure 4a); or b) Type 2, up to 160 mm in length with an even taper from 4 mm to zero

27、 see, for example, Figure 4b). Each wedge shall be graduated and numbered along the slope to show the thicknesses of the wedge between the base and the slope, in increments of either 0,5 mm (Type 1) or 0,1 mm (Type 2). The wedges shall be used, together with the steel straightedge, for the determina

28、tion of the height of protrusions (see clause 10) 4.5 Feeler gauges, to be used for the measurement of crack width. 4.6 Depth gauge, calibrated in millimetres of depth, equipped with a probe of diameter 3 mm. 4.7 Breakage-defect sizer(s), with a slot uncovering2mm on both surfaces, for determination

29、 of minimum defect sizes for corner and edge defects, according to Figure 5. A breakage-defect sizer shall be used, together with a steel straightedge (4.3), for the measurement of corner defects (see clause 6). Two breakage-defect sizers shall be used together with a linear measuring device accordi

30、ng to 4.2 for the measurement of edge defects (see clause 7). NOTE 3A breakage-defect sizer permits an objective definition of the point of departure for the measurement of the size of a broken edge. 5 Preparation of bricks for measurement The definition of edges and surfaces of bricks shall be impr

31、oved, when necessary, by removing any projections such as fins, blisters or parting sand. This can be achieved by light abrasion. Discolourations, such as those caused by iron oxide, shall be checked to see that they do not indicate the presence of hidden craters. To test for possible craters in suc

32、h cases, the discoloured area shall be lightly tapped two or three times with the flat face of a 100 g steel-headed hammer. Any craters revealed by this process shall be measured and reported according to clause 8. NOTE 4This surface improvement should not be carried out if surface protrusions are t

33、o be measured as described in clause 10. Figure 1 Typical corner defect Figure 2 Typical edge defect Figure 3 Typical cracksBS 1902-3.13:1996 BSI 10-1998 3 6 Measurement of corner defects Measure the dimensions a, b and c of corner defects (see Figure 1) using a steel straightedge (4.3), a breakage-

34、defect sizer (4.7) and a steel tape (4.2) as indicated in Figure 6. The breakage-defect sizer is positioned along the edge to be measured in such a way that the leading edge of the slot coincides with the broken corner on at least one surface of the brick, as shown in Figure 7. The dimensions a, b a

35、nd c (see Figure 1) are measured between the steel straightedge and the leading edge of the breakage-defect sizer, to the nearest millimetre. 7 Measurement of edge defects Measure the length g of an edge defect (see Figure 2) using two breakage-defect sizers (4.7) and a steel tape (4.2), as indicate

36、d in Figure 8. Measure the depth of the edge defect as defined by e and f (see Figure 2) using a steel straightedge (4.3) and a steel tape. Measure all dimensions to the nearest millimetre. 8 Measurement of craters Measure the maximum diameter (D) and minimum diameter (d) of a crater using a steel t

37、ape (4.2) as indicated in Figure 9. The apparent crater diameter is given by the formula: Measure the depth (h) of a crater using a depth gauge (4.6) as indicated in Figure 9. Measure all dimensions to the nearest millimetre. 9 Measurement of cracks Measure the length of a crack with a steel tape (4

38、.2) in one or more straight lines. If the crack continues on more than one surface, the crack length is equal to the sum of the crack lengths on each surface. Measure the width of a crack either with a graticule(4.2) or with feeler gauges (4.5). Measure any area of surface crazing (3.4.2) in square

39、centimetres. Measure the dimensions of cracks to the accuracy given in Table 1. Table 1 Accuracy of measurement 10 Measurement of protrusions and indentations Measure the height of a protrusion from the surface of the brick by means of a straightedge (4.3) and measuring wedges (4.4), to the nearest

40、0,5 mm. Place the straightedge parallel to the surface and in contact with the protrusion and adjust the measuring wedges so that equal readings are obtained on each of them, as indicated in Figure 10. Measure the depth of indentations, to the nearest millimetre, by the same method as used for crate

41、rs (see clause 8). 11 Measurement of fins Measure the height of fins, to the nearest millimetre, by the same method as used for protrusions (clause 10), or with the depth gauge(4.6) or steel tape (4.2). 12 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) the name of the testin

42、g establishment; b) the place and date of the test; c) a reference to this part of ISO 12678, i.e.“Determination of defects and imperfections, in accordance with ISO 12678-2”; d) the designation of the material tested (manufacturer, size and shape, quality); e) batch size and sample size (number of

43、items); f) inspected properties; g) results of the inspection; h) name and signature of the inspector. Dd + 2 - Dimensions in millimetres Measurement Accuracy to the nearest Length of crack 1 0,2 0,2 Width of open crack 1 1 0,5BS 1902-3.13:1996 4 BSI 10-1998 Figure 4 Two types of measuring wedgeBS 1

44、902-3.13:1996 BSI 10-1998 5 Figure 5 Breakage-defect sizer Figure 6 Measurement of a corner defectBS 1902-3.13:1996 6 BSI 10-1998 Figure 7 Positioning the breakage-defect sizer Figure 8 Measurement of the length of an edge defectBS 1902-3.13:1996 BSI 10-1998 7 Figure 9 Measurement of craters Figure

45、10 Measurement of the height of a protrusion8 blankBS1902-3.13:1996 BSI 10-1998 List of references See national foreword.BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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