BS 1902-3 11-1983 Methods of testing refractory materials - General and textural properties - Measurement of dimensions and shape of refractory bricks and blocks (methods 1902-311).pdf

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1、BS 1902 : Section 3.1 I : 1983 UDC 666.76.017-431 : 531.71 O British Standards Institution. No part of this publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced without the prior permission in writing of BSI. British Standard Methods of testing Refractory materials Part 3. General and textural pro

2、perties Section 3.1 I Measurement of dimensions and shape of refractory bricks and blocks (methods 1902-31 1) Mthodes dessai des matriaux rfractaires Partie 3. Proprits gnrales et proprits de texture Section 3.1 1 Mesure des dimensions et formes des briques et blocs rfractaires (mthodes 1902-31 1 )

3、Verfahren zur Prfung von feuerfestem Material Teil 3. Allgemeine und strukturelle Eigenschaften Abschnitt 3.1 I Bestimmung der Mae und Messung der Form von feuerfesten Steinen und Blcken (Verfahren 1902-31 1) British Standards Institution BS 1902 : Section 3.1 1 : 1983 Contents Foreword Inside front

4、 cover 5. Procedure Committees responsible Back cover 6. Test report Page Page 1 2 Methods Figures 2. Designation I. Scope 1 1. TWO types of wedge used for measuring warpage. 3 3. Apparatus 1 3. Measurement of an end arch brick 4 4. Preparation of bricks or blocks for measurement 1 4. Measurement of

5、 convexity 4 3 1 2. Measurement of a square brick or block Foreword This Section of BS 1902 : Part 3 has been prepared under the direction of the Refractory Products Standards Committee. It describes methods for measuring the dimensions of refractory bricks and blocks, and methods for determining th

6、eir errors of form (errors of form are errors of shape such as the concavity or convexity of a surface that is nominally flat, or the out-of-squareness of a block that is nominally rectangular). The standard is applicable to bricks or blocks of any type and is intended for use by both manufacturers

7、and users. The methods described are intended for use in measuring refractory bricks and blocks whenever there is dispute or difficulty; they may therefore be termed referee methods. In the accuracy achieved and in their cost in terms of manpower and equipment, they are intermediate between routine

8、methods and laboratory methods; in routine methods a single measurement of each dimension often suffices, and in laboratory methods (such as the measurement of test pieces in accordance with BS 1902 : Section 3.2) linear dimensions are measured using a Vernier caliper. The measurement of test pieces

9、 is outside the scope of this Section (see BS 1902 : Section 3.21, as also is the assessment of defects for inspection by attributes (for which BS 1902 : Section 3.13 is in course of preparation). This Section supersedes clauses 52 and 54 of BS 1902 : Part IA : 1966, which have been deleted by amend

10、ment. The method for measuring size described here is essentially the same as that of clause 52, but given in more detail. Measurement of warpage using a steel rule and wedges has been substituted for measurement using a steel rule and a depth gauge described in clause 54. Compliance with a British

11、Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. BS 1902 : Section 3.11 : 1983 British Standard Methods of testing Refractory materials Part 3. General and textural properties Section 3.1 1 Measurement of dimensions and shape of refractory bricks and blocks (methods 1902-31 1 ) NO

12、TE. This Section is to be read in conjunction with BS 1902 : Section 3.0 Introduction and BS 1902 : Section 3.1 Guidance on sampling. Section 3.0 shows the general arrangement of BS 1902 and lists the Sections of Part 3. Each wedge shall be graduated and numbered along the slope to show the thicknes

13、s of the wedge between the base and 1. Scope - the slope in increments of either 0.5 mm (Type 1) or This Section of BS 1902 : Part 3 describes methods for measuring the dimensions of refractory bricks and blocks whenever there is dispute or difficulty. It also describes methods for determining conca

14、vity, convexity and out-of-squareness. NOTE 1. The methods of measurement described are intermediate in nature between routine methods and laboratory methods; for a more complete discussion see the foreword. NOTE 2. The titles of the publications referred to In this standard are listed on the incide

15、 back cover. 2. Designation The methods of measurement described in this Section may be referred to by the following designations. Measurement of dimensions Method 1902-31 1/1 Measurement of warpage Method 1902-31 1/2 Measurement of out-of-squareness Method 1902-31 1 /3 3. Apparatus 3.1 Steel rules

16、(see the note to 3.21, calibrated in millimetres, whose accuracy of length, including the accuracy of any end fitting, is checked at intervals not exceeding five working days against a length bar that has itself been checked against a grade 2 length bar complying with BS 5317. A steel rule shall not

17、 be acceptable for the purposes of this Section if it has an error greater than 0.2 mm. 3.2 Steel tape, calibrated in millimetres, whose accuracy of length, including the accuracy of any end fitting, is checked each working day against a length bar that has itself been checked against a grade 2 leng

18、th bar complying with BS 5317. A steel tape shall not be acceptable for the purposes of this Section if it has an error greater than 0.2 mm. NOTE. At least three steel rules or at least two steel rules and a steel tape are required, the steel tape being an alternative to one of the steel rules. 3.3

19、Steel straightedge, 2 mm to 3 mm in thickness and of sufficient length to span the diagonal of the largest shape to be measured. 3.4 Two steel measurhg wedges, which may be either: . (a) Type 1,50 mm in length and 10 mm in thickness at one end, of uniform cross section for a lensth of 10 mm 0.1 mm (

20、Type 21. I .- 3:5 Spring calipers (see, for example, BS 3123). 3.6 Feelergauges (see, for example, BS 957). 3.7 Surface table orplate (see, for example, BS 817). 3.8 Angle plate (see, for example, BS 5535). 3.9 Engineemsquare (see, for example, BS 939). 4. Preparation of bricks or blocks for measure

21、ment The definition of edges of bricks or blocks shall be improved at the measuring points by the removal of any fringes, etc., by light abrasion, and by the removal of any blisters from surfaces by similar means. 5. Procedure NOTE. A consignment of bricks can only be properly evaluated by taking ra

22、ndom samples for inspection according to an agreed sampling plan, by recarding the numbers of those inside and those outside the tolerance and using the concept of acceptable quality level (AOL) to make a decision whether or not to accept the consignment. The recommended procedure for acceptance sam

23、pling of shaped refractories is given in BS 6065. (See also BS 1902 : Section 3.1 .I 5.1 Measurement of dimensions 5.1.1 Using the steel rule (3.1) or steel tape (3.2) and ensuring that it is in contact with the edges of the face being measured, measure the dimensions of the brick or block to the ne

24、arest 0.5 mm, in accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3. 5.1.2 When measuring between parallel faces, measure along the centrelines of the faces that separate them, thus: -. - in figure 2, for dimension A, I-2,3-4,5-6 and 7-8; for dimension B, I-7,2-8,9-IO and 11-12; for dimension C, 3-5,4-6,9- 11 and IO-

25、12; for dimension A, 1-2 and 7-8; for dimension 6, 1-7,2-8,9- 10 and 11- 12. in figure 3, 5.1.3 When measuring between faces that are not parallel to each other, measure near the edges of the faces that separate their ends, thus: in figure 3, for dimension C, 13- 14 and 15- 16; from that end and the

26、n tapering to zero thickness at the 1 other end (see figure 1 (a); or (b) Type 2, up to 160 mm in length with an even taper i from 4 mm to zero (see, for example, figure 1 (b). for dimension D, 17-18 and 19-20. . NOTE. Information on the availability of this type of wedge is available from the Enqui

27、ry Section, BSI, Milton Keynes MKL46LE. - - _ _ BSI BS*L02:PT3: SEC*3.LL 83 m Lb24bb 02LLOLL T m BS 1902 : Section 3.1 i : 1983 5.1.4 In the case of steel-clad bricks where the cladding does not extend to the edges of the brick, use three steel rules or two steel rules and a steel tape. Lay a steel

28、rule flat on the centreline (as in 5.1.2) or near the edge (as in 5.1.3) of each of the faces whose separation is being measured and hold them firmly in contact with the brick to form extensions of those faces. Using the third steel rule or a steel tape, and keeping it straight and in contact with t

29、he face being measured as much as possible, make the measurements required by 5.1.2 and 5.1.3 by measuring between the inner faces of the two steel rules. NOTE. This method of measurement is recommended for use even when the bricks are not steel clad. 5.1.5 Record the mean of the four (or two) measu

30、rements for each dimension to the nearest 0.5 mm. However, if any of the measurements differ significantly from the expected values, record all the measurements for each dimension. 5.1.6 If required (e.g. see note), after determining the dimensions of the extremities of tapering faces, ascertain the

31、 taper (or taper difference) by subtracting the mean of the smaller of these dimensions from the mean of the larger, .e. in figure 3, subtract the mean of 17-18 and 19-20 from the mean of 13-14 and 15-16. NOTE. The determination of the taper difference is essential when It is this value to which a t

32、olerance is applied, 5.1.7 In the case of bricks or blocks of shapes other than those illustrated in figures 2 and 3, use steel rules, steel tapes and spring calipers (3.5) to measure their dimensions to the nearest 0.5 mm, following the principles set out in this clause. If a block has detailed fea

33、tures that add to or diminish its volume, measure their size and location in the same manner. 5.2 Measurement of warpage (convexity and concavity) 5.2.5 Record the results for a particular face as either (a) or (b) as follows: (a) warpage = x mm; or (ti) warpage =/x 100 % x is the maximum reading of

34、 the two obtained for that face (in mm); I is the length of the corresponding diagonal (in mm). 5.3 Measurement of out-of-squareness 5.3.1 Determine the out-of-squareness of the brick or block by placing it on the surface table or surface plate (3.7) and, using feeler gauges (3.61, measuring to the

35、nearest 0.5 mm the greatest gap.existing when each face in turn is offered up to the angle plate (3.8) or engineers square-(3.9). Record the out-of-squareness as the maximum gap found in the measurements on all the faces of the brick or block. NOTE. The out-of-squareness may be due to error in the s

36、quareness or to twist, or to both. 5.3.2 During the measurements described in 5.3.1, ensure that reference points do not rest on brand marks, identification marks or any surface imperfections that may reasonably be removed in brick laying. X where 6. Test report 6.1 If the measurements are made as p

37、art of a process that has its own method of reportinghecording, a separate test I report of the measurements is usually not required - - The fact that the measurements were made drdance with this method of test (i (b) the date the measurements were made; (c) a description of the bricks or blocks mea

38、sured (manufacturer, type, batch number, nominal size, etc.); (d) a reference to these methods, .e. Measurements made in accordance with methods 1902-31 1 (see clause 2); to the nearest mm (wedge Type 2, sG3.4). Report the tyLe (e) the number of bricks or blocks measured; Of wedgzed at the point Of

39、Contact between - the gdge (f) for each brick or block measured: (I) the mean value of each dimension (but see the second sentence of 5.1.5); and the straight edge. 5.2.3 For a convex surface, insert a wedae at each end of . the straightedge and perpendicular to it as shown in figure 4. Adjust the w

40、edges so that equal readings are maintained by the straightedge at the point of maximum Type 1, see 3.4) or to the nearest- _ (21 if required, - the maximum warpage found (see 5.2.51, whether it is convex or concave and the type of wedge used; - _ _- obtained on each of them, making certain contact

41、is convexity. Record the reading to the nearest 0.5 mm (wedge _ i - - (3) if required, the out-of-squareness (see 5.3.1 1 and which face(s) was (were) out-of-square. see 3.4). Report the type of wedge Used. 5.2.4 Repeat the procedure for the other diagonal of the face and, if required, for the other

42、 faces of the block . 2 BS 1902 : Section 3.1 1 : 1983 (b) Ali dimensions are in millimetres. Figure 1. Two types of wedge used for measuring warpage Figure 2. Measurement of a square brick or block 3 BSI BS*L902:PT3: SEC*3mLL 83 M Lb24bb9 02LLOL3 3 BS 1902 : Section 3.1 1 : 1983 Figure 3. Measureme

43、nt of an end arch brick Wedge Figure 4. Measurement of convexity 4 Publications referred to BS 817 BS 939 BS 957 Feeler gauges 8s 1902 Methods of testing refractory materials I ._ Section 3.1 Guidance on sampling Specification for surface plates Specification for engineers squares (including cylindr

44、ical and block squares) Section 3.2 Measurement of the dimensions of specimens for tesfng (methods 1902-302) +?Section 3.13 Guidance on assessment of shape and crack defects for inspection by attributes BS 3123 BS 5317 BS 5535 BS 6065 Spring calipers and spring dividers Metric length bars and their

45、accessories Specification for right angle and box angle plates Methods for sampling and acceptance testing of shaped refractory products +Referred to in the foreword only. tin course of preparation. For information about BSI services relating to third party certification to suitable British Standard

46、 product specifications, schemes for the registration of firms of assessed capability, testing and inspection facilities, please contact the Director, Quality Assurance Division, BSI, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 4SQ Tel. Hemel Hempstead 31 11. a This British Standard, having been pre

47、pared under the direction of the Refractory Products Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 30 Decem ber 1983. O British Standards Institution, 1983 ISBN O 580 13221 8 British Standards Institution Incorporated by Royal Charter, BSI is the

48、 independent national body for the preparation of British Standards. It is the UK member of the International Organization for Standardization and UK sponsor of the British National Committee of the International Copyright Users of British Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all BSI pu

49、blications. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of irnplementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols and size, type or grade designations. Enquiries should be addressed to the . Electrotechnical Commission. BS 1902 : Section 3.1 1 : 1983 Publications Manager, 101 Pentonville Road, London N1 9ND (Telephone 01-837 8801; Telex 23218). Contract requirements A British Standard does not purport to include all t