ASTM F2810-2015 Standard Specification for Elliptical Trainers《椭圆形训练器材的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2810 10F2810 15 An American National StandardStandard Specification forElliptical Trainers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2810; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices for ellipticaltraining equipment. Thro

3、ugh these specifications this standard aims to assist designers and manufac-turers in reducing the possibility of injury when these products are used in accordance with theoperational instructions.The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily preventinjuries.

4、 Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment involves the risk of injury,particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained. In addition, users withphysical limitations should seek medical advice or instruction from the fitness facility, or both, pri

5、orto using this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons fromusing this equipment properly and without increasing the risk of serious injury.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the design and manufacture of elliptical training equipment as

6、 defined in 3.1for use in an indoor environment or setting.1.2 It is the intent of this standard to specify fitness products for use only by an individual age 13 or older.1.3 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2811F2811 All specifications inthis sta

7、ndard supersede those of Specification F2276 where applicable.1.4 This specification2 established additional requirements not set forth in the referenced ASTM standards for the design ofcommercial fitness equipment to increase access and user independence by people with functional limitations or imp

8、airments.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish a

9、ppropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and LabelsF2276 Specification for Fitness EquipmentF2571F2811 Test Met

10、hods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness EquipmentElliptical TrainersF2811F3021 Test Methods Specification for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Elliptical TrainersUniversalDesign of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limita

11、tions and Impairments1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved May 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2015. Published June 2010February 201

12、6. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asF2810 10. DOI: 10.1520/F2810-10.10.1520/F2810-15.2 This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Researchunder the US

13、 Department of Education grant #H133E070029 and H133E120005.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.T

14、his document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior edit

15、ions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terms listed bel

16、ow are unique to this specification. For terms not defined below, refer to Specification-Specifications F2276 and F3021.3.1.1 adjustable guide system, ncomponents that allow the user to vary the angle or position of a guide surface.3.1.2 control panel, nequipment/user interface device for controllin

17、g the operation of, or displaying information about theoperational state of the equipment.3.1.3 elliptical trainer, ntraining equipment that can produce a continuous, predominately elliptical motion path. Ellipticaltraining functions as a continuous non-circular closed loop cycle.3.1.4 fixed handleb

18、ar, nhandlebars that are stationary.3.1.5 foot support, na device designed to support the foot while the user is correctly performing the exercise as intended bythe manufacturer, or while the user mounts or dismounts the equipment. Illustrated in Fig. 1.3.1.6 handlebar, nthe means that are provided

19、to a user to enhance balance and stability. Handlebars shall be defined by themanufacturer as the intended grippable zone.3.1.7 movable handlebar, nthe moving means that are provided for a user to engage the upper body during the exercise.4. Equipment Types4.1 Elliptical Trainer Withwith Fixed Handl

20、ebars (Type 1)Handlebars are in a fixed position and are not intended to provideguided or un-guided motion of the users upper body, as shown in Fig. 2.4.2 Elliptical Trainer Withwith Moveable Handlebars (Type 2)Handlebars are configured to provide for guided or un-guidedmotion of the users upper bod

21、y, as shown in Fig. 3.4.3 Elliptical Trainer Withwith Moveable and Fixed Handlebars (Type 3)Exercise equipment that contains both fixed andmoveable handlebars as described in 4.1 and 4.2, as shown in Fig. 4.4.4 Seated Elliptical Trainer (Type 4)Exercise equipment that allows exercise from the seated

22、 position, as shown in Fig. 5.5. Design and Construction RequirementsNOTE 1In addition to the requirements of Specification F2276, the following requirements are applicable.5.1 Foot SupportEquipment shall be equipped with adequate foot support and constructed to reduce foot slippage. The footsupport

23、s shall have a slip resistant surface of at least 300 mm long by 100 mm wide (11.8 in. by 3.9 in.) as well as have a guardwith at least 30 mm (1.2 in.) in height along the entire front and 1230 mm (0.50(1.2 in.) along the inside edge.tall along 80 % ofthe length along the inside edge of the foot sup

24、port. If there are pinch or shear points then an additional 30 mm (1.2 in.) tall guardshall be added to the outside of the foot support.5.1.1 Foot Support LoadingThe loading requirements of Specification F2276 shall be applicable.5.2 HandlebarsEquipment shall be equipped with at least one handlebar.

25、5.2.1 The ends of movable handlebars shall be designed to avoid eye socket penetration. Acceptable provisions may include,but are not limited to, a 50 mm (1.97 in.) diameter end portion of the handlebar grip; bending of the handlebar to achieve an endportion greater than 50 mm (1.97 in.) in diameter

26、, angling of the end portion of the movable handlebar away from the user so thatthe end portion remains angled forward of a vertical reference plane through the user throughout the handles entire range of travel.5.2.2 Handlebar LoadingHandlebars shall endure a static load of 1.0 times the maximum sp

27、ecified user weight or 100 kg (220lb), whichever is greater, applied in the vertical direction without breakage. Handlebars shall endure a static load of 0.5 times themaximum specified user weight or 50 kg (110 lb), whichever is greater, applied in the most onerous horizontal direction withoutbreaka

28、ge.FIG. 1 An Example of a Foot SupportF2810 1525.3 Endurance:5.3.1 DiscussionLoad input to the elliptical trainer can be accomplished by securing weight to the foot pedals and lifting theweight using pneumatic cylinders, or by pushing down with pneumatic cylinders (with or without weight). It has be

29、en found thatthe user does not completely remove all load from one pedal as he cycles over to drive the opposite pedal. Measurements of theforces experienced by the foot supports of elliptical trainers have found loads ranging from 20 % of the user weight on the trailingside to loads of approximatel

30、y 120 % of the user weight on the pedal side being “driven” by the user. These loads can varydepending on the design of the elliptical being tested. Regardless of how the load is input to the elliptical trainer under test, carefulconsideration shall be given by the testing facility as to how the tes

31、t apparatus is constructed.The testing facility shall communicatewith the manufacturer prior to commencing the test and verify that the apparatus functions and loads the elliptical trainer in amanner similar to how a user would actually use and interface with the elliptical trainer.5.3.2 Consumer eq

32、uipment shall function per manufacturers specifications after enduring a minimum of 375 000 cycles.Institutional equipment shall function per manufacturers specifications after enduring a minimum of 2 000 000 cycles.5.3.3 The loading applied to moving handlebars in the forward and reverse directions

33、 shall be 5 % of the maximum specifieduser weight.5.3.4 The force applied to the foot supports shall be equivalent to the load produced by a user of 135 kg (300 lb) or the loadproduced by a user of the maximum specified user weight, whichever is greater. This load shall follow the guidelines discuss

34、edabove and be alternately applied to each of the pedals in accordance with the test method.5.4 Adjustable Guide SystemsThe operation of the adjustable guide system, if equipped, may create entrapment points.Therefore, the movement of this system shall not exceed 25 mm/s (1 in./s) as measured at the

35、 entrapment points.6. Additional Universal Design Requirements to Specification F30216.1 This set of accessibility criteria shall be used in conjunction with Specification F3021. This set of criteria pertains only toequipment designed to be accessible to people with disabilities in addition to those

36、 without disability.6.2 If a conflict exists with the requirements listed in Specification F3021, then the specific requirements listed in Section 6 takeprecedence over the requirements listed in Specification F3021.NOTE 2Standing ellipticals are exempt from Specification F3021 foot strap requiremen

37、ts.6.3 Handlebars:6.3.1 For standing ellipticals, fixed handlebars shall be provided within the range of 1000 to 1400 mm (39.4 to 55.1 in.).6.3.2 For standing ellipticals, fixed handlebars shall have a mechanism to prevent the hand from slipping off the end of the handgrip, for example, a lip or cur

38、vature or taper.6.3.2.1 Handlebars shall comply with Specification F3021, subsection 5.1.4.3 non-slip material.6.3.2.2 Handlebars shall comply with Specification F3021, subsection 5.1.4.5 for color contrast.FIG. 2 An Example of a Type 1 Elliptical Trainer Withwith Fixed HandlebarsF2810 1537. Documen

39、tation7.1 Owners/Users ManualsElliptical trainers shall be accompanied by appropriate documentation set forth in SpecificationF2276 and shall also include the information from the following sections.7.2 Operational InstructionsIn addition to the requirements of Specification F2276, the following top

40、ics shall be included ifapplicable.7.2.1 The function of any immobilization methods.7.2.2 Operation of all controls on the control panel.7.2.3 Instructions for safe mounting and dismounting of the equipment.7.3 Installation InstructionsThe installation instructions or owners/usesowners/users manual

41、or both shall followSpecification F2276 and include the following information:7.3.1 Procedures for proper storage, movement, and placement of the elliptical trainer.7.3.2 The elliptical trainer shall be set up and operated on a solid level surface.7.3.3 The recommended minimum clearance required aro

42、und each elliptical trainer for access to, passage around, andemergency dismount. The minimum dimensions are: 0.5 m500 mm (19.7 in.) on at least one side, and 0.5 m500 mm (19.7 in.)either behind or in front of the elliptical trainers training envelope.FIG. 3 An Example of a Type 2 Elliptical Trainer

43、 Withwith Movable HandlebarsFIG. 4 An Example of a Type 3 Elliptical Trainer Withwith Movable and Fixed HandlebarsF2810 1547.3.3.1 DiscussionThe dimensions stated in the installation instructions are the recommended minimum dimensions as setforth by the manufacturer. The actual area for access and p

44、assage shall be the responsibility of the facility and should take intoaccount this training envelope and any required local codes or regulations.8. Marking8.1 Elliptical trainers shall have manufacturer identification affixed to the product in accordance with Specification F2276.9. Warnings9.1 Warn

45、ingsIn addition to the warnings outlined in Specification F1749, the warnings shall include as a minimum thefollowing when applicable:9.1.1 Owners Manual WarningsThe warnings presented in the owners manual shall be designed in accordance withSpecification F1749.9.1.1.1 Care should be used when mount

46、ing or dismounting the equipment. Before mounting or dismounting, move the pedalon the mounting or dismounting side to its lowest position and bring the machine to a complete stop.9.1.1.2 This unit is not equipped with a free-wheel. Pedal speed should be reduced in a controlled manner.9.1.2 General

47、Warning LabelThe warnings presented in the general warning label shall be designed in accordance withSpecification F1749.10. Keywords10.1 accessibility; Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA); disability; disabled; elliptical trainer; fitness equipment; footsupport; handlebarhandlebar; inclusive; rec

48、umbent; universalAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. ADDITIONAL READINGX1.1 European Standards: EN 957-1 Stationary Training EquipmentPart 1: General Safety Requirements and Test MethodsEN 957-9 Stationary Training EquipmentPart 9: Elliptical Trainers, Additional Specific Safety Requirements and T

49、estMethodsFIG. 5 An Example of a Type 4 Seated EllipticalF2810 155ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not r