ASTM F2530-2005 Standard Specification for Protective Headgear with Faceguard Used in Bull Riding《骑牛用带面罩的防护头盔标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2530 05An American National StandardStandard Specification forProtective Headgear with Faceguard Used in Bull Riding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2530; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r

2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONBull riding is a sport with intrinsic hazards. It is recognized that it is not possible to write

3、 aprotective headgear with faceguard standard specification that will result in headgear with faceguardsthat can protect against injury or death in all accidents. Because of complex interactions of variablessuch as bull motion, bull size and weight, rider size, direction and point of impact, and ind

4、ividualdifferences in reaction to impact forces, it must be kept in mind that injuries are still possible. It is alsorecognized that serious injury or death can result from both low-energy and high-energy impacts, evenwhen protective headgear with faceguard is worn. It is further recognized that pro

5、tective headgearwith faceguards must be acceptable to the user and to the regulating associations or agencies requiringits use.In bull riding, where the force of impact between the bull and the face of the rider can cause headand facial injury, there is a need for both head and facial protection. Af

6、ter careful consideration of themechanisms and forces involved in this context, this standard specification for headgear withfaceguards has been prepared, using resources in medical, scientific, mechanical engineering, humanfactors, and biomechanical fields.This specification is a series of laborato

7、ry tests of the protective headgear with faceguard. Theheadgear testing measures its ability to reduce head acceleration when impacting various shapedobjects. The faceguard testing checks its ability to limit contact with the user face to reduce thepotential for facial injuries.This specification in

8、corporates many aspects of other recognized headgear standard specifications.Other intentions that were not amenable to testing or inspection are offered as guidelines:(1) The chin strap should be attached in a manner to enable the headgear with faceguard to remainin its normal position on the weare

9、rs head during bull riding and impact conditions;(2) The physical characteristics of materials used in construction of the headgear with faceguardshould retain their shock-absorbing characteristics under the influence of aging, use, or exposure totypical environmental conditions;(3) The faceguard sh

10、ould not significantly interfere with the vision of the wearer; and(4) In the event of injury, the headgear with faceguard should be removable without causingmovement to the cervical spine. The access provided shall be sufficient for the administration ofcardiopulmonary resuscitation to the wearer.1

11、. Scope1.1 This specification covers performance requirements anddescribes test methods for protective headgear with faceguardsfor use in bull riding.1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F 1446, except wherenoted herein.1.3 Partial utilizatio

12、n of this specification is prohibited. Anystatement of compliance with this specification shall be acertification that the headgear with faceguard meets all of therequirements of the specification in their entirety. A headgearwith faceguard that fails to meet any one of the requirements ofthis speci

13、fication is considered to have failed the specification,and shall not be sold with any indication that it meets parts ofthe specification.1.4 Headgear with faceguards designed to comply with thisand other standards may proclaim uses as certified by themanufacturer.1.5 The values stated in SI units a

14、re to be regarded asstandard.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 onHeadgear and Helmets.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2005. Published December 2005.1Copyright ASTM Internatio

15、nal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practice

16、s and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 910 Specification for Face Guards for Youth BaseballF 1163 Specification for Protective Headgear Used in HorseSports and Horseback RidingF 1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Proced

17、ures Usedin Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgearF 2220 Specification for Headforms2.2 NOCSAE Document:3NOCSAE DOC.001 Standard Drop Test Method and Equip-ment used in Evaluating the Performance Characteristicsof Protective Headgear3. Terminology3.1 Definitions as identifi

18、ed in Test Methods F 1446.3.2 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 simulated horna rigid metal rod that is a conserva-tive representation of a bulls horn.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this specification is to provide reliableand repeatable test methods for the evaluation of

19、 headgear withfaceguards for bull riding. Headgear with faceguards satisfyingthis specification are intended to reduce forces reaching thehead in some of the impacts that may occur in bull riding andto limit contact with the facial features of the rider.5. Certification5.1 This specification permits

20、 self-certification. It is recom-mended that each manufacturer employ an independent testlaboratory at least annually to test each model and size ofheadgear with faceguard offered for sale.6. Apparatus6.1 Apparatus used for this testing shall be in accordancewith Test Methods F 1446 except as noted

21、below.6.2 Reference or Full-facial Headform to be used shall be asspecified in:6.2.1 The section on Other (Reference) Headforms of Speci-fication F 2220.6.2.2 Standard drop test method and equipment used inevaluating the performance characteristics of protective head-gear of NOCSAE DOC.00146.3 Simul

22、ated HornA rigid steel rod representative of abulls horn, Fig. 1. The end of the rod is 30.4 mm (1.20 in.) indiameter, flat, and perpendicular to the axis of the rod with a 2mm (0.08 in.) radius round. There is a 5 taper along the lengthof the rod with the diameter increasing. The overall length oft

23、he rod shall be at least 15 cm (6.0 in.) long. The hardness ofthe rod shall be Brinell Hardness 200 or greater.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the s

24、tandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from NOCSAE, P.O. Box 12290, Overland, KS 66282-2290, orwww.nocsae.org.4The sole source of supply of the NOCSAE headforms known to the committeeat this time is Southern Impact Research Center, 304 Dunavant Drive, Rockford, TN37853. If you

25、are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Simulated HornF25300526.4 Simulated Horn StrikerA 5 kg (11 lb) str

26、iker asidentified in the chin bar rigidity test of Test Methods F 1446that has been modified by attaching the simulated horn to theimpact face of the striker. The longitudinal axis of thesimulated horn shall be perpendicular to the face of the striker.TEST METHODS7. Number of Samples7.1 A minimum of

27、 four headgear with faceguards arerequired for testing for each shell/liner combination. Damageto the faceguard and its attachment to the headgear may occurduring testing. This damage is not considered a failure unlessthe performance criteria are not met.7.2 Headgear with faceguard shall be tested c

28、omplete, in thecondition as offered for sale. The headgear with faceguard mustsatisfy all requirements of this specification with or withoutany included attachments.8. Selection of Headform8.1 The appropriate size headform shall be selected basedon the headform size selection terminology of Test Met

29、hodsF 1446 for the headgear with faceguard to be tested.9. Reference Marking9.1 Marking the test line shall be in accordance with theReference Marking requirements of Test Methods F 1446.9.2 Mark the test line on the headgear as shown in Fig. 2.9.3 Mark the no contact area on the reference or full-f

30、acialheadform as identified in Fig. 3. The no contact area is basedon that identified in Specification F 910. Indicator paste shallbe applied to the no contact area of the headform used. Thethickness of the indicator paste shall be no greater than 2.5 mm(0.1 in.).10. Headgear with Faceguard Inspecti

31、on10.1 The configuration requirements of the section on Con-figuration of Test Methods F 1446 shall be satisfied.10.1.1 Ventilation ports are allowed, as long as all otherrequirements of this specification are satisfied.10.1.2 Physical intrusion testing is based on use of thesimulated horn. Physical

32、 intrusion testing shall be performed atany point on the headgear with faceguard. Mount and adjustthe headgear with faceguard on the appropriately sized refer-ence or full-facial headform in accordance with the instructionsprovided by the manufacturer. An attempt shall be made toenter the simulated

33、horn, in all possible orientations, into allopenings of the headgear with faceguard. The simulated hornshall be placed on the surface of the headgear with faceguardand a static force of 5 kg (11 lb) applied along the length of thesimulated horn. The end of the simulated horn shall not intrudesuch th

34、at it contacts the no contact area nor the headform abovethe test line on the reference or full-facial headform.10.2 The materials requirements of the section on Materialsof Test Methods F 1446 shall be satisfied.10.3 Labeling Requirements:10.3.1 Headgear shall contain labels that satisfy the labeli

35、ngrequirements of Test Methods F 1446.10.3.2 In addition, one of the interior labels of the headgearshall have the words “For the use in the Sport of Bull Riding.”10.3.3 Warning that the headgear with faceguard should notbe worn before the user has carefully read the included fittingand care instruc

36、tions.10.3.4 Warning that the headgear with faceguard should befitted prior to use.10.3.5 Any other warnings, cautions, or instructions desiredby the manufacturer should be included with the headgear.10.4 The projections requirements in Test Methods F 1446shall be satisfied.10.5 The peripheral visio

37、n requirements in Test MethodsF 1446 shall be satisfied. The headgear shall provide peripheralvision clearance of at least 105 to each side of the midsagittalplane when the headgear on the reference headform in accor-dance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Notethat the peripheral v

38、ision requirements are applicable to theheadgear without the faceguard attached.11. Conditioning11.1 One sample of the headgear with faceguard shall beconditioned in each of the ambient, low temperature, hightemperature, and water immersion conditions identified in thesection on Conditioning Environ

39、ments of Test Methods F 1446prior to subsequent testing.12. Order of Testing12.1 Determination of compliance with this standard speci-fication will be performed in the following sequence. Testing ofFIG. 2 Headform Basic Data and Test LineF2530053a headgear with faceguard combination shall include re

40、tentionsystem testing, headgear impact testing, and faceguard testing.13. Retention System Testing13.1 Positional Stability Testing:13.1.1 The ambient headgear with faceguard shall be sub-jected to the positional stability testing in accordance with thesection on Roll-Off of Test Methods F 1446.13.1

41、.2 The sliding drop mass shall be 4.0 kg (8.8 lb) with adrop height of 0.6 m (23.6 in.).13.1.3 The headgear with faceguard must remain intact andremain on the headform.13.1.4 The faceguard shall not impact the chin or neck ofthe headform. Indicator paste shall be applied to these regionsof the headf

42、orm used. The thickness of the indicator paste shallbe no greater than 2.5 mm (0.1 in.). Contact shall be deter-mined by the presence of indicator paste on the headgear orfaceguard on indentation of the indicator paste on the head-form.13.2 Dynamic Strength Retention Test:13.2.1 The ambient, hot, co

43、ld, and water immersed head-gear with faceguards shall be subjected to the dynamic loadingtest in accordance with the Dynamic Strength Retention Test ofTest Methods F 1446.13.2.2 The sliding drop mass shall be 4.0 kg (8.8 lb) with adrop height of 0.6 m (23.6 in.).13.2.3 The retention system shall re

44、main intact withoutelongating more than 30 mm (1.18 in.).14. Headgear Impact Testing14.1 The impact testing shall be performed before thefaceguard testing.14.2 All impact testing shall be carried out in accordancewith the section on Impact Attenuation of Test MethodsF 1446.14.3 The flat anvil as spe

45、cified in the section on ImpactAnvils of Test Methods F 1446 and section on EquestrianHazardAnvil as described in Specification F 1163 shall be usedfor impact tests.14.4 The ambient, hot, cold, and water immersed samplesshall be given two flat anvil impacts and two equestrian hazardanvil impacts in

46、any sequence. Impact sites may be anywhereon or above the test line. Impacts with the flat anvil shall bemade centered on or above the test line. Impacts with theDimension, mmHeadform A B C D EF 2220 SizeA4717634264F 2220 E5218684467F 2220 J 4207 575F 2220 izeM 722774778F 2220 SO5824804882NOCSAE 658

47、 53 19 70 41 70NOCSAE 714 56 20 75 45 75NOCSAE 758 63 21 83 50 80FIG. 3 No Contact Area on HeadformF2530054equestrian hazard anvil shall be made such that no part of thetop ridge of the anvil extends below the test line prior toimpact. A distance not less than 75 mm (3.0 in.) shall separateimpact ce

48、nters.14.4.1 The headgear shall be dropped onto the flat anvil atan impact velocity of 6.0 m/s 6 3 % (19.7 ft/s) correspondingto the theoretical drop height of 1.8 m (71 in.).14.4.2 The headgear shall be dropped onto the equestrianhazard anvil at an impact velocity of 5.0 m/s 6 3 % (16.4 ft/s)corres

49、ponding to a theoretical drop height of 1.3 m (51 in.).14.5 The peak acceleration of any impact shall not exceed300 g.15. Faceguard Testing15.1 All faceguard testing shall be carried out in accordancewith the section on Chin Bar Rigidity Test of Test MethodsF 1446 with the exceptions noted below.15.2 A reference or full-facial headform shall be used.15.3 The orientation of the headform shall be such that thebasic plane of the headform in parallel to the drop axis.15.4 The headgear with faceguard shall be attached to thereference or full-facial headform based on instructions