ASTM F2412-2018a Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection.pdf

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1、Designation: F2412 18aStandard Test Methods forFoot Protection1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates

2、the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONFor more than sixty years, the predecessor to these test methods, ANSI Z41, established theperformance criteria for a wide range of footwear to protect from the hazard

3、s that affect the personalsafety of workers. The value of these standards was recognized early in the history of the OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) and incorporated as a reference standard in the Code ofFederal Regulation (CFR) Section 1910.1. Scope1.1 These test methods measure

4、 the resistance of footwearto a variety of hazards that can potentially result in injury.1.2 These test methods may be used to test for complianceto minimum performance requirements in established safetystandards.1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier,or as required by established

5、 safety standards, these testmethods can be used to determine any one, or all of thefollowing: (1) impact resistance (I), (2) compression resistance(C), (3) metatarsal impact resistance (Mt), (4) resistance toelectrical conductivity (Cd), (5) resistance to electric hazard(EH), (6) static dissipative

6、 performance (SD), and (7) punctureresistance (PR).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsib

7、ility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization

8、 established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus2.2

9、 CSA Standard:3CAN/CSA Z195 Protective Footwear3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 footbed (removable), nalso known as insock, acomponent typically made of a foam material with a leather orfabric cover/sockliner and often shaped or contoured coveringthe entire insole board which can be inserted betw

10、een the footand insole board.3.1.2 insole, nfoundation of the shoe; the inner sole of theshoe which is next to the foot, under the sock liner or insert,onto which the upper is lasted.3.1.3 last, nsolid hinged form, in the general shape of afoot, around which footwear is constructed.3.1.4 lasting, vb

11、uilding of footwear around a specific footform.3.1.5 lining, nterm used to describe all components thatcan be used to construct the interior of the upper portion of thefootwear.3.1.6 outsole and heel, nexterior bottom platform of thefootwear; the bottom surface.3.1.7 product category, ngroup of simi

12、lar footwear itemsmanufactured for a specific hazard or hazards and that:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 onPedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F13.30 on Footwear.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published

13、August 2018. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F2412 18. DOI:10.1520/F2412-18A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to t

14、he standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON Canada M9W1R3.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was dev

15、eloped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1 Have same protec

16、tive toe cap, protective insole or met-guard materials Have the same supplier for each of those components Have the same outsole design, compound and hardness(including midsole) Have the same thickness (within a 612.5 % range) ofupper, lining, and insole Are manufactured using the same method of con

17、struction;cemented, welted, etc. Are manufactured in the same factory Are manufactured using the same last3.1.8 product classification, nfootwear manufactured tomeet a minimum performance requirement for a specifichazard or hazards.3.1.9 protective footwear, nfootwear that is designed,constructed, a

18、nd classified to protect the wearer from apotential hazard or hazards.3.1.10 protective toe cap, ncomponent designed to pro-vide toe protection that is an integral and permanent part of thefootwear.3.1.11 quarter, nentire back portion of the footwear upper.3.1.12 size, nlength and breadth measuremen

19、ts of foot-wear determined by using a specific grading; the Americansystem of footwear grading.3.1.13 socklining (non-removable), nfabric materialplaced over the insole, footbed, or insert that may be imprintedwith a brand name or other designation.3.1.14 specimen, for protective footwear, nmay be a

20、 leftfoot, a right foot, or a matched pair.3.1.14.1 DiscussionThe exact number and type of foot-wear units is indicated by test method.3.1.15 upper, nparts of a shoe or boot that are above thesole.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods contain requirements to evaluate theperformance of footwe

21、ar for the following:4.1.1 Impact resistance for the toe area of footwear (I),4.1.2 Compression resistance for the toe area of footwear(C),4.1.3 Metatarsal protection that reduces the chance of injuryto the metatarsal bones at the top of the foot (Mt),4.1.4 Conductive properties which reduce hazards

22、 that mayresult from static electricity buildup, and reduce the possibilityof ignition of explosives and volatile chemicals (Cd),4.1.5 Electric hazard to protect the wearer when acciden-tally stepping on live electric wires (EH),4.1.6 Static dissipative properties to reduce hazards thatresult from a

23、 build up of static charge where there is anunderlying risk of accidental contact with live electricalcircuits (SD), and4.1.7 Puncture resistance footwear devices (PR).4.2 Any changes to the original components of safety toefootwear such as replacing or adding after-market footbeds/inserts could cau

24、se non-compliance to any or all parts of thisstandard rendering the ASTM label invalid. Protective toefootwear specimens or samples shall be retested for any of thefollowing changes.4.2.1 Change in material used to make protective toe cap,change in protective cap manufacturer, change in the design o

25、fthe toe cap.4.2.2 Change in construction method used to make footwearor change in factory in which footwear is produced.4.2.3 Change in the upper or insole material thicknessgreater than 25 %.4.2.4 Change in the out sole or midsole, including itshardness.4.2.5 Change in shape of last used in the ma

26、nufacturing offootwear.4.2.6 Change in material or supplier of protective insole.4.2.7 Change in material or supplier of met guard.5. Protective Toe Impact Resistance (I)5.1 Summary of Method:5.1.1 Footwear shall be constructed and manufactured sothat a protective toe cap is an integral and permanen

27、t part of thefootwear.5.1.2 Footwear with a protective toe cap is impacted with aspecified force.5.1.3 After impact, the height of the modeling clay cylinderis measured.5.2 Apparatus:5.2.1 The apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 1(a)4consists of a frame structure that permits the impactor to becon

28、strained to fall along a known and repeatable path. Provi-sion shall be made for a mechanism to catch the striker after theinitial impact so that the test specimen is struck only once.5.2.1.1 The impactor consists of a steel weight having amass of 22.7 6 0.23 kg (50 6 0.5 lb). The nose of the impact

29、oris a solid steel cylinder having a diameter of 25.4 6 0.13 mm(1 6 0.03 in.) and protruding a length of 50.8 6 3.2 mm (2.06 0.13 in.) from the impact assembly. The impact side of thecylinder has a smooth spherical surface with a radius of 25.4 60.127 mm (1.00 6 0.005 in.). The longitudinal centerli

30、ne of thecylinder is parallel and coincident within 3.175 mm (0.125 in.)to the vertical axis of the impactor.5.2.1.2 Apparatus incorporates a means of measuring thevelocity at impact with a tolerance of 62 %. The use of avelocity metering system allows for determining the timerequired for a 25.4-mm

31、(1-in.) wide blade to pass completelythrough a beam of light immediately prior to the impactorstriking the specimen. The result, referred to as gate time, ismeasured in milliseconds (ms). The velocity in m/s can becalculated using the following formula:V 51000tg(1)where:V = velocity in m/s, andtg= g

32、ate time in ms.4Imagery as shown within Ells, W., Ed., Safety and Occupational Footwear,MNL71-EB, ASTM International, 2014.F2412 18a25.2.2 The base of the apparatus consists of a steel plate witha minimum area 0.3 m2(1 ft2) and minimum thickness of 25.4mm (1 in.). The base is anchored to a structure

33、 having aminimum mass of 909.1 kg (2000 lb) to provide sufficientstability to the apparatus before, during, and after testing.5.3 Sampling:5.3.1 Randomly select three half-pair test specimens, in-cluding both left and right footwear, of each product categoryfrom unworn manufactured footwear. If foot

34、wear is manufac-tured with a removable sockliner (footbed) the test is to beperformed with the sockliner in place. All testing must beperformed at standard conditions of 22C (6 2C) and 50 %RH (6 5 %).5.3.1.1 Mens footwear specimens shall be size 9.5.3.1.2 Womens footwear specimens shall be size 8.5.

35、3.2 The specimens shall be obtained by completely re-moving the toe portion of the footwear. This is done by cuttingacross the width of the footwear 25.4 6 3.2 mm (1 6 0.125 in.)NOTE 1Dimensions are in inches (millimeters).FIG. 1 Footwear Impact Test ApparatusF2412 18a3behind the back edge of the pr

36、otective toe cap and cutting theupper material back to the edge of the protective toe cap asshown in Fig. 2.5.4 Prior to impact testing, modeling clay shall be kept atstandard conditions and formed approximately as a 25 mmdiameter vertical cylinder, shall be placed under the protectivetoe cap positi

37、oned inside the specimens directly under the pointof impact (see Fig. 3) with the edge of the clay cylinder alignedwith the back edge of the toe cap.5.4.1 Modeling clay for the test forms shall be stored in asealed container at room temperature and tested in accordancewith 5.4.2 5.4.9. Test frequenc

38、y shall be no less than onceevery month or sooner, if the color or consistency changes. Itis recommended that this quality test be conducted on the clayjust prior to its use during an impact test (see Fig. 4).5.4.2 Weigh out a 50 6 2 g sample of modeling clay.5.4.3 Form material into a 35 6 2 mm (1.

39、375 6 0.075 in.)cylinder and allow material to sit at room temperature for 24 h.5.4.4 The modeling clay cylinder shall be placed verticallyon the base plate at the center point of the impact tester.5.4.5 A block having nominal dimensions of 75 by 75 by 44mm (3 by 3 by 1.75 in.), with a hole drilled

40、in the center of theblock that is 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter and 25 mm (1 in.) deep,is slipped onto the impact nose.5.4.6 The block/impactor assembly is carefully lowereduntil the wooden block makes contact with the modeling claycylinder.5.4.7 The impactor assembly is released allowing fullweight to

41、compress the cylinder for 10 6 1s.5.4.8 Immediately afterwards, the impactor assembly israised and the modeling clay cylinder if necessary cut in half tomeasure.5.4.9 A modeling clay cylinder having a compressed thick-ness of 15 6 2 mm is acceptable to use in impact resistance.5.5 Specimen Mounting:

42、5.5.1 Specimens are to be placed on the test apparatus baseplate so that the sole is parallel with the base.5.5.1.1 The specimen is positioned so that the longitudinalcenter of the nose of the impactor strikes the approximatecenter of the protective toe cap at a point that is 12.7 6 1.6 mm(0.50 6 0.

43、0625 in.) toward the front as measured from the backedge of the protective toe cap (see Fig. 3).5.5.2 The specimen is held in position during test by use ofa clamping device as shown in Fig. 5.5.5.2.1 The stabilizing fork clamp device rests on the insertand can be adjusted by means of a screw.FIG. 1

44、 (a) Impact Testing (Left) and Compression Testing (Right)4(continued)FIG. 2 Specimen Prepared for Impact and Compression TestingF2412 18a45.5.2.2 The adjustment secures the specimen parallel to thebase plate and prevents movement when the impactor strikesthe specimen.5.5.2.3 Clamping screw shall be

45、 tightened using a force of2.8 Nm (25 in. lbs).5.6 Procedure:5.6.1 When in place, the modeling clay cylinder shall beshaped having a diameter of approximately 25 mm (1 in.)nominal and positioned so that the cylinder makes contact withthe insert/sock liner/footbed of the footwear and the dome ofthe p

46、rotective toe cap.NOTE 1A small piece of release paper such as wax paper orcellophane can be placed on either the bottom side or top side of the claycylinder to prevent the modeling clay from adhering to either theinsert/sock liner or dome.5.6.2 To measure impact resistance, the impactor is droppedf

47、rom a height that results in an impact velocity of 2995 6 61mm/s (117.9 6 2.4 in./s), creating an energy of 101.75 J (75lbf).NOTE 2In a vacuum, the distance would be 457 mm (18 in.). Due tofriction and air resistance, the height used for the test is somewhat greater.5.6.3 Release the impactor.5.6.4

48、After impact raise and secure the impactor on testapparatus, carefully remove the clay cylinder from inside thespecimen and measure the height of the modeling clay cylinderat its lowest point using a measuring device capable ofmeasuring to the nearest 0.1 mm (0.004 in.).5.6.5 This value, to the near

49、est 0.1 mm without rounding up,is the impact interior height clearance for the specimen.5.7 Test ReportReport the impact interior height clearanceresults for each specimen.6. Protective Toe Compression Resistance (C)6.1 Summary of Method:6.1.1 Footwear shall be constructed and manufactured sothat a protective toe cap is an integral and permanent part of thefootwear.6.1.2 Footwear with a protective toe cap is exposed to acompressive force.6.1.3 During application of the compressive force, theinterior space of the toe cap is measured using a mode