ASTM F2412-2011 Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection《脚部防护的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2412 11Standard Test Methods forFoot Protection1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates t

2、he year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONFor more than sixty years, the predecessor to these test methods, ANSI Z41, established theperformance criteria for a wide range of footwear to protect from the hazards

3、 that affect the personalsafety of workers. The value of these standards was recognized early in the history of the OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) and incorporated as a reference standard in the Code ofFederal Regulation (CFR) Section 1910.These test methods contains test protoc

4、ols developed in conjunction withANSI Z41 as well as otherASTM standards that are used to evaluate the performance of footwear when exposed to a variety ofhazards: (1) impact resistance (I) for the toe area of footwear; (2) compression resistance (C) for thetoe area of footwear; (3) metatarsal impac

5、t protection (Mt) that reduces the chance of injury to themetatarsal bones at the top of the foot; (4) conductive properties (Cd) that reduce hazards that mayresult from static electricity buildup and reduce the possibility of ignition of explosives and volatilechemicals; (5) electric hazard resista

6、nt (EH) non-conductive; (6) static dissipative (SD) properties toreduce hazards due to excessively low footwear electrical resistance that may exist where SD footwearis required; and (7) puncture resistance (PR) of foot devices.1. Scope1.1 These test methods measure the resistance of footwearto a va

7、riety of hazards that can potentially result in injury.1.2 These test methods may be used to test for complianceto minimum performance requirements in established safetystandards.1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier,or as required by established safety standards, these testmetho

8、ds can be used to determine any one, or all of thefollowing: (1) impact resistance (I), (2) compression resistance(C), (3) metatarsal impact resistance (Mt), (4) resistance toelectrical conductivity (Cd), (5) resistance to electric hazard(EH), (6) static dissipative performance (SD), and (7) punctur

9、eresistance (PR).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard

10、 to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus2.2 CSA Standard:3CAN/CSA Z195 Protective Footwear3. Terminology3.1 Definiti

11、ons:3.1.1 insert/footbed/sockliner (all removable), nfootbednormally made of a foam product with leather or fabric covershaped to cover the entire insole which can be inserted betweenthe foot and insole board.3.1.2 insole, nfoundation of the shoe; the inner sole of theshoe which is next to the foot,

12、 under the sock liner or insert,onto which the upper is lasted.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 onPedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F13.30 on Footwear.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 201

13、1. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2412 05. DOI:10.1520/F2412-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard

14、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON Canada M9W1R3.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 last, nsolid hinged form, in the gener

15、al shape of afoot, around which footwear is constructed.3.1.4 lasting, vbuilding of footwear around a specific footform.3.1.5 lining, nterm used to describe all components thatcan be used to construct the interior of the upper portion of thefootwear.3.1.6 outsole and heel, nexterior bottom platform

16、of thefootwear; the bottom surface.3.1.7 product category, ndescription for a type of foot-wear designed and manufactured for a specific hazard orhazards.3.1.8 product classification, nfootwear manufactured tomeet a minimum performance requirement for a specifichazard or hazards.3.1.9 protective foo

17、twear, nfootwear that is designed,constructed, and classified to protect the wearer from apotential hazard or hazards.3.1.10 protective toe cap, ncomponent designed to pro-vide toe protection that is an integral and permanent part of thefootwear.3.1.11 quarter, nentire back portion of the footwearup

18、per.3.1.12 size, nlength and breadth measurements of foot-wear determined by using a specific grading; the Americansystem of footwear grading.3.1.13 socklining (non-removable), nfabric materialplaced over the insole, footbed, or insert that may be imprintedwith a brand name or other designation.3.1.

19、14 specimen, for protective footwear, nfootwear unitsevaluated for various hazards.3.1.14.1 DiscussionFootwear units may be a left foot, aright foot, or a matched pair. The exact number and type offootwear units is indicated by test method.3.1.15 upper, nparts of a shoe or boot that are above thesol

20、e.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods contain requirements to evaluate theperformance of footwear for the following:4.1.1 Impact resistance for the toe area of footwear (I/75),4.1.2 Compression resistance for the toe area of footwear(C/75),4.1.3 Metatarsal protection that reduces the chanc

21、e of injuryto the metatarsal bones at the top of the foot (Mt/75),4.1.4 Conductive properties which reduce hazards that mayresult from static electricity buildup, and reduce the possibilityof ignition of explosives and volatile chemicals (Cd),4.1.5 Electric Hazard by stepping on live wire (EH),4.1.6

22、 Static dissipative (SD) properties to reduce hazardsdue to excessively low footwear electrical resistance that mayexist where SD footwear is required, and4.1.7 Puncture resistance footwear devices (PR).4.2 Any changes to the original components of safety toefootwear such as replacing or adding afte

23、r market footbeds/inserts could cause non compliance to any or all parts of thisstandard rendering the ASTM label invalid. Protective toefootwear specimens or samples shall be retested for any of thefollowing changes.4.2.1 Change in material used to make protective toe cap,change in protective cap m

24、anufacturer, change in the design ofthe toe cap.4.2.2 Change in construction method used to make footwearor change in factory in which footwear is produced.4.2.3 Change in the upper or insole material thicknessgreater than 25 %, change to the soling system or a change inthe hardness of the outsole.4

25、.2.4 Change in shape of last used in the manufacturing offootwear.4.2.5 Change in material or supplier of protective insole.4.2.6 Change in material or supplier of met guard.5. Protective Toe Impact Resistance (I)5.1 Summary of Method:5.1.1 Footwear shall be constructed and manufactured sothat a pro

26、tective toe cap is an integral and permanent part of thefootwear.5.1.2 Footwear with a protective toe cap is impacted with aspecified force.5.1.3 After impact, the height of the modeling clay cylinderis measured.5.2 Apparatus:5.2.1 The apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 consists of a framestructure that p

27、ermits the impactor to be constrained to fallalong a known and repeatable path.5.2.1.1 The impactor consists of a steel weight having amass of 22.7 6 0.23 kg (50 6 0.5 lb). The nose of the impactoris a steel cylinder having a diameter of 25.4 6 0.8 mm (1 60.03 in.) and length of 50.8 mm (2.0 in.). T

28、he impact side of thecylinder has a smooth spherical surface with a radius of 25.4 60.127 mm (1.00 6 0.005 in.). The longitudinal centerline of thecylinder is parallel and coincident with 3.175 mm (0.125 in.) tothe symmetry of its vertical axis.5.2.1.2 Apparatus incorporates a means of measuring the

29、velocity at impact with a tolerance of 62 %. The use of avelocity metering system allows for determining the timerequired for a 25.4-mm (1-in.) wide blade to pass completelythrough a beam of light prior to the impactor striking thespecimen. The result, referred to as gate time, is measured inmillise

30、conds (ms). The speed in in./s can be calculated usingthe following formula:V 51000tg(1)where:V = velocity in in./s, andtg= gate time in ms.5.2.2 The base of the apparatus consists of a steel plate witha minimum area 0.3 m2(1 ft2) and minimum thickness of 25.4mm (1 in.). The base is anchored to a st

31、ructure having aminimum mass of 909.1 kg (2000 lb) to provide sufficientstability to the apparatus before, during, and after testing.5.3 Sampling:5.3.1 Randomly select three half-pair test specimens, in-cluding both left and right footwear, of each product categoryfrom unworn manufactured footwear.5

32、.3.1.1 Mens footwear specimens shall be obtained fromsize 9.F2412 1125.3.1.2 Womens footwear specimens shall be obtainedfrom size 8.5.3.2 The specimens shall be obtained by completely re-moving the toe portion of the footwear. This is done by cuttingacross the width of the footwear 25.4 6 3.2 mm (1

33、6 0.125 in.)behind the back edge of the protective toe cap and cutting theupper material back to the edge of the protective toe cap asshown in Fig. 2.5.4 Prior to impact testing, modeling clay, kept at roomtemperature and formed approximately as a vertical cylinder,shall be placed under the protecti

34、ve toe cap to back rear edgeof the cap positioned inside the specimens directly under thepoint of impact (see Fig. 3).5.4.1 Modeling clay for the test forms shall be tested inaccordance with 5.4.2-5.4.9. Test frequency shall be no lessthan once every month. It is recommended that this quality testNO

35、TEDimensions are in inches (millimetres).FIG. 1 Footwear Impact Test ApparatusF2412 113be conducted on a specimen just prior to its use during animpact test (see Fig. 4).5.4.2 Weigh out a 50 6 2 g sample of modeling clay.5.4.3 Form material into a 35 6 2 mm (1.375 6 0.075 in.)cylinder and allow mate

36、rial to sit at room temperature for 24 h.FIG. 2 Specimen Prepared for Impact and Compression TestingFIG. 3 Specimen Prepared for Impact and Compression TestingFIG. 4 Apparatus for Modeling Clay Quality TestF2412 1145.4.4 The modeling clay cylinder shall be placed horizon-tally on the base plate at t

37、he center point of the impact tester.5.4.5 A block having dimensions of 75 by 75 by 44 mm (3by 3 by 1.75 in.), with a hole drilled in the center of the blockthat is 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter and 25 mm (1 in.) deep, isslipped onto the impact nose.5.4.6 The block/impactor assembly is carefully lowered

38、until the wooden block makes contact with the modeling claycylinder.5.4.7 The impactor assembly is released allowing fullweight to compress the cylinder for 10 s.5.4.8 Immediately afterwards, the impactor assembly israised and the modeling clay cylinder cut in half to measure.5.4.9 A modeling clay c

39、ylinder having a compressed thick-ness of 15 6 2 mm is acceptable to use in impact resistance.5.5 Specimen Mounting:5.5.1 Specimens are to be placed on the test apparatus baseplate so that the sole is parallel with the base.5.5.1.1 The specimen is positioned so that the longitudinalcenter of the nos

40、e of the impactor strikes the approximatecenter of the protective toe cap at a point that is 12.7 6 1.6 mm(0.50 6 0.0625 in.) toward the front as measured from the backedge of the protective toe cap (see Fig. 3).5.5.2 The specimen is held in position during test by use ofa clamping device as shown i

41、n Fig. 5.5.5.2.1 The stabilizing fork clamp device rests on the insertand can be adjusted by means of a screw.5.5.2.2 The adjustment secures the specimen parallel to thebase plate and prevents movement when the impactor strikesthe specimen.5.5.2.3 Clamping screw shall be tightened using a force less

42、than 28 Nm (25 in. lbs).5.6 Procedure:5.6.1 When in place, the modeling clay cylinder shall beshaped having a base diameter of approximately 25 mm (1 in.)nominal and positioned so that the cylinder simultaneouslymakes contact with the insert/sock liner/footbed of the foot-wear and the dome of the pr

43、otective toe cap. (See Note 1.)NOTE 1A small piece of release paper such as wax paper orcellophane can be placed on either the bottom side or top side of thecylinder to prevent the modeling clay from adhering to either theinsert/sock liner or dome.5.6.2 To measure Impact 75 product footwear, the imp

44、actoris dropped from a height that results in an impact velocity of2995 6 61 mm/s (117.9 6 2.4 in./s), creating an energy of101.75 J (75 ft-lbf).NOTE 2In a vacuum, the distance would be 457 mm (18 in.). Due tofriction and air resistance, the height used for the test is somewhat greater.5.6.3 Release

45、 the impactor.5.6.4 After impact raise and secure the impactor on testapparatus, carefully remove the clay cylinder from inside thespecimen and measure the height of the modeling clay cylinderat its lowest point using a measuring device capable ofmeasuring to the nearest 0.1 mm (0.004 in.).5.6.5 Thi

46、s value is reported as the impact minimum interiorheight clearance for the specimen.5.7 Test ReportReport the minimum height of the model-ing clay cylinder, without rounding up, to the nearest 0.1 mm(0.004 in.) as the clearance result for the product category forall three specimens.6. Protective Toe

47、 Compression Resistance (C)6.1 Summary of Method:6.1.1 Footwear shall be constructed and manufactured sothat a protective toe cap is an integral and permanent part of thefootwear.6.1.2 Footwear with a protective toe cap is exposed to acompressive force.6.1.3 During application of the compressive for

48、ce, theinterior space of the toe cap is measured using a modeling claycylinder.6.2 Apparatus:6.2.1 Compression testing equipment that is equipped withsmooth steel compression test surfaces.6.2.1.1 Test surfaces must remain parallel during applica-tion of force up to 44 482 N (10 000 lbf).6.2.1.2 Pre

49、ssure head has a minimum diameter of 76.2 mm(3 in.) and a bed plate with a minimum width of 152.4 mm (6in.).6.2.1.3 Equipment must be graduated in increments so as tomeasure compressive force between 222.4 N (50 lbf) to 44 482N (10 000 lbf).6.3 Sampling:6.3.1 Randomly select three half-pair test specimens, in-cluding both left and right footwear, of each product categoryfrom unworn manufactured footwear.6.3.1.1 Mens footwear specimens shall be obtained fromsize 9.6.3.1.2 Womens footwear specimens shall be obtainedfrom size 8.6.3.2 The specimens shall be p