ASTM F2283-2004 Standard Specification for Shipboard Oil Pollution Abatement System《船载防油污染系统的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2283 04An American National StandardStandard Specification forShipboard Oil Pollution Abatement System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers a shipboard oil pollution abate-ment system (OPAS) that processes oily waste and all

3、owsselective suction from all oily waste holding tanks, waste oil,dirty oil, and drain tanks and the bilges of all oily watergenerating spaces for operation within the U.S. ContiguousZone as excepted by local regulatory authorities.1.1.1 This specification covers the system from the point ofentering

4、 the system until the oil-water mixture is treated anddischarged overboard.1.1.2 This includes minimizing oily waste generation, theoily waste holding tank, the oil-water separation device, thecontrol system, feed and recirculation pump(s), a secondarytreatment device, and an automatic stopping devi

5、ce capable ofdetecting 15 ppm oil in the waste stream.1.1.3 Fig. 1 provides a general system schematic to utilizefor system configuration.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60000 PSI Tensile StrengthA 312/A 312M Specification for Seamless

6、 and Welded Aus-tenitic Stainless Steel PipesA 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA 563/A 563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNutsA 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeB 165 Specification

7、 for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNSN04400) Seamless Pipe and TubeF 467/F 467M Specification for Nonferrous Nuts for Gen-eral UseF 468/F 468M Specification for Nonferrous Bolts, Hex CapScrews and Studs for General UseF 708 Practice for Design and Installation of Rigid PipeHangersF 992 Specification for Val

8、ve Label PlatesF 993 Specification for Valve Locking DevicesF 998 Specification for Centrifugal Pump, Shipboard UseF 1030 Practice for Selection of Valve OperatorsF 1098 Specification for Envelope Dimensions for ButterflyValves-NPS 2 to 24F 1122 Specification for Quick Disconnect CouplingsF 1155 Pra

9、ctice for Selection and Application of PipingSystems MaterialsF 1166 Practice for Human Engineering Design for MarineSystems, Equipment and FacilitiesF 1298 Specification for Flexible, Expansion-Type BallJoints for Marine ApplicationsF 1323 Specification for Shipboard IncineratorsF 1337 Practice for

10、 Human Engineering Program Require-ments for Ships and Marine Systems, Equipment, andFacilitiesF 1510 Specification for Rotary Positive DisplacementPumps, Commercial Ships UseF 1511 Specification for Mechanical Seals for ShipboardPump ApplicationsF 2044 Specification for Liquid Level Indicating Equi

11、p-ment, Electrical2.2 ANSI Standards:3B16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flange FittingsB16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges, Flanged Valves and Fittings 150,300, 400, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 lbB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and ThreadedB16.24 Bronze Flanges and Flanged Fittings 150, 300 lb2.3 Code

12、of Federal Regulations:433 CFR Part 155 Department of Homeland Security, U.S.Coast Guard (USCG), Oil or Hazardous Material Pollu-tion Prevention Regulations for Vessels40 CFR Part 136 Guidelines Establishing Test Proceduresfor the Analysis of Pollutants46 CFR Part 162 Department of Homeland Security

13、, U.S.Coast Guard (USCG), Engineering Equipment1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.06 onMarine Environmental Protection.Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published August 2004.2For

14、 referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25

15、W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.46 CFR

16、 Part 147 Department of Homeland Security, U.S.Coast Guard (USCG), Hazardous Ships Stores40 CFR Part 171 Department of Transportation (DoT),Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA),General Information, Regulations and Definitions2.4 Other Documents:64 Federal Register Number 173, 8 Septem

17、ber 1999 Con-tiguous Zone Proclamation ANSI/NFPA No. 70 NationalElectrical Code5IEEE 45-2002 Recommended Practice for Electric Installa-tions on Shipboard International Convention for the Pre-venting of Pollution from Ships (1973), as modified by theProtocols of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78) and 1997 and asso

18、-ciated Annexes, including Annex I and Annex VI6Resolution MEPC.107(49) Revised Guidelines and Specifi-cations for Pollution Prevention Equipment for MachinerySpace Bilges of Ships7Public Law 92-500 Federal Water Pollution Control Act,October 18, 1972, as amended by Public Law 95-217,Clean Water Act

19、, December 27, 1977, as amended Under-writers Laboratories Standard 913 (as revised April 8,1976)5UL Standard 913 Standard for Intrinsically Safe Apparatusand Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, II, III,Division 1, Hazardous (Classified) Locations8ISO 93772:2000 Water QualityDetermination of Hy

20、dro-carbon Oil IndexPart 2: Method Using Solvent Extrac-tion and Gas Chromatography93. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 15 ppm separation devicea separation device that isdesigned to remove enough oil from an oil-water mixture toprovide a resulting mixture that has

21、 an oil concentration of 15ppm or less.3.1.2 automatic stopping devicea device that automati-cally stops any discharge overboard of oily mixture when theoil content of the effluent exceeds 15 ppm.3.1.3 bilge alarman instrument that is designed to mea-sure the oil content of oily mixtures from machin

22、ery spacebilges and fuel oil tanks that carry ballast and activate an alarmat a set concentration limit.3.1.4 bilge monitoran instrument that is designed tomeasure and record the oil content of oily mixtures frommachinery space bilges and fuel oil tanks that carry ballast.3.1.5 cargo monitoran instr

23、ument that is designed tomeasure and record the oil content of cargo residues fromcargo tanks and oily mixtures combined with these residues.3.1.6 contiguous zonethe entire zone established by theUnited States under Contiguous Zone Proclamation.64 Fed. Reg 1733.1.7 dischargeincludes, but is not limi

24、ted to, any spill-ing, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dump-ing.3.1.8 hazardous materialsany material or combination ofmaterial that poses a substantial danger to human beings,plants, animals and the marine environment. A material ishazardous if it possesses one or more of the foll

25、owingcharacteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity, andradioactivity.3.1.9 independent laboratorya laboratory that is notowned or controlled by a manufacturer, supplier, or vendor ofseparators, monitors, or bilge alarms.3.1.10 oiloil of any kind or in any form, including, but notl

26、imited to, petroleum, fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse, and oil mixedwith wastes other than dredged soil.3.1.11 oil content monitorinstruments that are designed tomeasure the oil content of the oil-water separator effluentdischarge and that automatically diverts any discharge of oilymixture when the oil

27、 content of the effluent exceeds 15 ppm.3.1.12 oil-water separation devicemay include any com-bination of a separator, filter, coalescer or other means, and also5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.6A

28、vailable from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-13317Available from International Maritime Organization (IMO), Marine Environ-mental Protection Committee (MEPC), 4 Albert Embankment, London, SE1 7SR,U.K.8Available from Un

29、derwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.9Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.FIG. 1 Notional Shipboard Oil Pollution AbatementF2283042a single unit desig

30、ned to produce an effluent with oil contentnot exceeding 15 ppm.3.1.13 ppmparts of oil per million parts of water byvolume.3.1.14 public vessela vessel owned or bareboat charteredand operated by the United States, or by a State or politicalsubdivision thereof, or by a foreign nation, except when the

31、vessel is engaged in commerce.3.1.15 remove or removalrefers to containment and re-moval of the oil from the water and shorelines or the taking ofsuch other actions as may be necessary to prevent, minimize, ormitigate damage to the public health or welfare, including, butnot limited to, fish, shellf

32、ish, wildlife, and public and privateproperty, shorelines, and beaches.3.1.16 synthetic oiloils that are not petroleum based, butchemical based, do not rise to the surface of water and are asheavy or heavier than water.3.1.17 United Statesthe States, the District of Columbia,the Commonwealth of Puer

33、to Rico, the Commonwealth of theNorthern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the VirginIslands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.3.1.18 vesselevery description of watercraft or other arti-ficial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means oftransportation on water other t

34、han a public vessel.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders shall include the following information:4.1.1 Sizing requirements.4.1.2 Processing rate requirements.4.1.3 Additional control requirements.4.1.4 Any additional requirements required by the purchaserto meet special needs.5. Materials and Manufactu

35、re5.1 Bilge Management:5.1.1 Design machinery spaces to be as dry as practical andprovide means, such as piping insulation and other condensa-tion containment features. Use drip pans and other oil contain-ment devices to minimize contamination of bilge water.5.1.2 Means, based upon unique ship/machi

36、nery design,shall be provided to prevent the introduction of synthetic oilsand emulsifying agents into bilge water or the ships OPAS.Synthetic oils have specific gravity very close to 1.0, thereforecompounding the complexity of the oil/water separation prob-lem. Means might include:5.1.2.1 Dedicated

37、 drain lines piped from drip pans undermachinery using synthetic oils to a waste synthetic oils storagedevice.5.1.2.2 Others as specified by the OPAS/ship designer thatmeet the prohibition on introduction of synthetics into the shipsbilge water and/or OPAS.5.2 Oil Pollution Abatement SystemGeneral:5

38、.2.1 The goal of the OPAS is to reduce the volume ofoil-contaminated water that must be held onboard the ship indedicated waste oil or sludge tanks. This is accomplished byprocessing oily waste water through oil-water separator equip-ment to produce OPAS permeate meeting regulatory limits thatcan be

39、 discharged overboard.5.2.2 The system shall not utilize dilution as a means ofobtaining pollution discharge limits.5.2.3 From Resolution MEPC.017(49): The OPAS must becapable of handling any oily mixtures from the machineryspace bilges and be expected to be effective over the completerange of oils

40、which might be carried on board ship, and dealsatisfactorily with oil of very high relative density, or with amixture presented to it as an emulsion. Cleansing agents,emulsifiers, solvents, or surfactants used for cleaning purposesmay cause the bilge water to emulsify. Proper measures shouldbe taken

41、 to minimize the presense of these substances in thebilges of a ship. With the possibility of emulsified bilge wateralways present, the oil-water separator must be capable ofseparating the oil from the emulsion to produce an effluent withan oil content not exceeding 15 ppm.5.2.4 All OPAS components

42、shall minimize the effort re-quired for their draining, accessing, cleaning, maintenance, andpreservation.5.2.5 The OPAS system shall operate as specified hereinwithin relative humidity limits of 5 to 95 %.5.2.6 The OPAS equipment shall not be damaged nor shallsubsequent operational performance be d

43、egraded as a result ofexposure to salt fog.5.2.7 When in a non-operating state, the OPAS shall not bedamaged nor shall subsequent operational performance bedegraded as a result of all external components being subjectedto seawater spray.5.2.8 The OPAS shall minimize turbulent fluid flow, oil andwate

44、r mixing and emulsification, and oil droplet size reduction.5.2.9 The oily waste holding tank shall be designed as abaffled settling tank, allowing bilge water to separate into oiland water with means provided to pump bulk oil to the wasteoil tank.5.2.10 Effluent exceeding the oil content limit shal

45、l berecirculated to the oil-water separator by means other thancentrifugal pumps per 5.2.17.1. A dedicated waste oil pumpshall be provided for handling of waste oil and transfer ofwaste oil to shore or the ships incinerator (if provided).5.2.11 If waste oil is to be held on board rather than beingde

46、stroyed, the waste oil tank(s) shall satisfy the requirement forsludge tanks given in MARPOL 73/78 Annex 1, Regulation 17,Unified Interpretation 8.1.5.2.11.1 For vessels less than 400 GT, oily waste shall bepermitted to be stored in the bilge.5.2.12 Waste oil incinerators, if provided, shall meet Sp

47、eci-fication F 1323.5.2.13 The oil-water separator shall operate manually andautomatically based on float switches in the oily waste holdingtank(s).5.2.14 The OPAS shall be automated to take suction fromoily water generating spaces by means of level switches.5.2.15 An oil-water separator shall be pr

48、ovided and shall besized to process the oily water at a rate equal to the dailygeneration of oily water.5.2.16 An automatic stopping device shall be fitted down-stream of the oil-water separator to monitor oil-water separatoreffluent.F22830435.2.17 Suction from spaces that generate oily water shall

49、beby means of a dedicated oily waste transfer pump(s).5.2.17.1 OPAS pumps shall impart low shear force into thebilge water in all suction lines before the oil-water separationdevice, including oily waste holding tank, therefore centrifugalpumps shall not be used for this purpose.5.2.17.2 For vessels greater than 400 GT, OPAS design shallcollect oily water in a dedicated oily waste holding tank sizedto hold seven days of oily water production during normalroutine operations.5.2.18 Water and contaminants shall be directed to theOPAS.5.2.18.1 The cargo fuel slop